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Articles 301 - 330 of 455
Full-Text Articles in Architecture
Quantifying Visitor Impact And Material Degradation At George Washington's Mount Vernon, Laurel Lynne Bartlett
Quantifying Visitor Impact And Material Degradation At George Washington's Mount Vernon, Laurel Lynne Bartlett
All Theses
Over one million visitors per year traverse the visitor path through George Washington's home at Mount Vernon. Increased visitation has tested the limits of the architectural materials and created the single most threatening source of degradation. While the history of Mount Vernon is dotted with attempts to mitigate damage caused by visitors, scientific analysis of the dynamic impacts to the historic fabric is needed to preserve the integrity of the preeminent national house museum. The following thesis presents a holistic analysis of visitor impact and material degradation occurring at Mount Vernon.
Visitor impact issues are acknowledged at historic sites around …
Systematic Comparison Of Two Habitat Connectivity Modeling Approaches: Least Cost Path And Circuit Theory, Adam Rose
All Theses
Intensifying human development requires landscape-level planning to restore connectivity to fragmented and ecologically isolated habitats. The rapidly growing field of conservation planning has produced a variety of approaches to modeling habitat connectivity. The objective of this research is to inform the choice and use of appropriate software packages for connectivity conservation planning. I focused on comparing two prevalent approacheds, 1) least cost path, patch-patch modeling using CorridorDesigner software and 2) electrical circuit-theory based approaches for patch-patch and 'all points' connectivity using Circuitscape software. Additionally, I compared two dominant connectivity modeling approaches: 1) the focal species approach and 2) a generalized …
A New Clinical Model For Primary Care: A Critical Component Of Healthcare Innovation Zones, Judith Crews
A New Clinical Model For Primary Care: A Critical Component Of Healthcare Innovation Zones, Judith Crews
All Theses
The overall aim of this research and design project is to develop a primary care setting that responds to the current changes in the healthcare system and accommodates predicted developments in the future. It takes advantage of opportunities created by the Affordable Care Act and initiatives started under the new Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. One of these includes the creation of Healthcare Innovation Zones as a way to bring integrative, comprehensive health services to a wider population through the network of a teaching hospital, physicians, and other clinical entities. The proposed ambulatory care setting is a model for …
Cultivating America's Working Lands: A Study Of The Sociocultural Value Of Family Farms, Katherine Lloyd
Cultivating America's Working Lands: A Study Of The Sociocultural Value Of Family Farms, Katherine Lloyd
All Theses
Our ability to produce food in a sustainable, healthy and humane manner is threatened, both in the United States and on the global scale. This difficulty is exacerbated by expected population growth, creating a need for 60% more food worldwide by 2050 to feed a population of 9.3 billion (United Nations Chronicle, 2012). How we produce food affects local economies, the cultural vitality of communities, and the health of regional ecosystems. Industrial or conventional agriculture is damaging all three of these systems, by draining local economies through corporate business practices, isolating farmers and attributing to rural population losses, while depleting …
The Urban Environment As A Barrier To Historic Preservation: A Mitigation Plan For Falmouth, Jamaica, Daniel Heinz Watts
The Urban Environment As A Barrier To Historic Preservation: A Mitigation Plan For Falmouth, Jamaica, Daniel Heinz Watts
All Theses
The principle question asked in this thesis is can widespread historic preservation occur in Falmouth, Jamaica without improvements to the town's urban environment? The question will be answered by researching the condition of Falmouth's historic district in light of its history, economic decline and current challenges. Background analysis revealed that the town has been economically stagnant for more than a century, that this weakness has incidentally allowed it to retain the largest collection of Georgian-era structures in the Caribbean, but has also led to a continuing decline in the condition of historic resources faster than preservation efforts can provide remediation. …
Noiseless, Automatic Service: The History Of Domestic Servant Call Bell Systems In Charleston, South Carolina, 1740-1900, Wendy Danielle Madill
Noiseless, Automatic Service: The History Of Domestic Servant Call Bell Systems In Charleston, South Carolina, 1740-1900, Wendy Danielle Madill
All Theses
Shortly before Europe's industrial revolution, tradesmen discovered an ingenious way to rig bells in houses to mechanize communication between homeowners and their servants. Mechanical bell systems, now known as house bells or servant call bells, were prevalent in Britain and America from the late 1700s to the early twentieth century. These technological ancestors of today's telephone were operated by the simple pull of a knob or a tug of a tassel mounted on an interior wall. Bell-pulls increased privacy for both servants and their employers by separating both parties by the length of a bell wire, but they also increased …
The United Order Of Tents And 73 Cannon Street: A Study Of Identity And Place, Mary Margaret Schley
The United Order Of Tents And 73 Cannon Street: A Study Of Identity And Place, Mary Margaret Schley
All Theses
One hundred years ago, a group of African-American women assembled in Charleston, South Carolina under the name of the United Order of Tents of J.R. Giddings and Jollifee Union. The only organization of its kind, the United Order of Tents is a secret society comprised and operated solely by African-American women. The Order traces its roots back to the operations of the Underground Railroad in Norfolk, Virginia. The founder of the organization, Annetta M. Lane, assisted slaves during their escape from the South through their journey on the Railroad. After emancipation, Annetta Lane and United Order of Tents co-founder, Harriett …
Adaptive Use Potential Of Kitchen And Carriage Houses Toward Smart Growth Goals In Charleston, South Carolina, Elizabeth A. Shaw
Adaptive Use Potential Of Kitchen And Carriage Houses Toward Smart Growth Goals In Charleston, South Carolina, Elizabeth A. Shaw
All Theses
Growth and historic preservation are typically framed as being mutually exclusive. Since growth is inevitable, it behooves cities and towns to focus on growth that collaborates with preservation. This can successfully be achieved by creating plans that use existing infrastructure, promote mixed-use neighborhoods, and encourage sustainable building efforts. In Charleston, the main dwelling of an individual lot was often accompanied by separate outbuildings such as carriage houses, kitchen houses, privies, and laundry buildings. Many of these out buildings remain, and provide an opportunity to create sustainable smart growth and sensitive density.
This thesis analyzes the way property owners in two …
Designing For Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Optimized Liveworkplaylearn Environments, Lisa Marchi
Designing For Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Optimized Liveworkplaylearn Environments, Lisa Marchi
All Theses
Facilities for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have the potential to enhance the quality of life through the built environment and the comprehensive services they provide. In the United States, there are few facilities that exist, many of which focus on disabilities, thus rendering the facility an accommodator rather than an enabler. According to Sherry Ahrentzen, PhD, and Kim Steele:
'Architects and housing providers have little familiarity in how design can best accommodate and ameliorate the challenges and conditions faced by adults with autism...' (Ahrentzen 2009)
This project aims to create a series of design guidelines that are informed …
A Downtown Revitalization Study For Woodruff, South Carolina, Alyson Leslie, Annemarie Jacques
A Downtown Revitalization Study For Woodruff, South Carolina, Alyson Leslie, Annemarie Jacques
Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS)
Woodruff is a small town in South Carolina that has declined since the closing of two major textile mills in the 1980s that once were its economic drivers. Economic decline has led to the physical deterioration of the buildings and streetscape elements on Woodruff’s Main Street. The conditions of a town’s Main Street reflect the identity of the town as a whole, particularly in a town the size of Woodruff with a total land area of 3.9 square miles. A component specific to Woodruff that emphasizes the necessity for a high quality downtown is the high volume of daily traffic …
Cultivating America's Working Lands: A Study Of The Sociocultural Value Of Family Farms, Katherine Lloyd
Cultivating America's Working Lands: A Study Of The Sociocultural Value Of Family Farms, Katherine Lloyd
Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS)
Our ability to produce food in a sustainable, healthy and humane manner is threatened, both in the United States and on the global scale. This difficulty is exacerbated by expected population growth, creating a need for 60% more food worldwide by 2050 to feed a population of 9.3 billion. How we produce food affects local economies, the cultural vitality of communities, and the health of regional ecosystems. Industrial or conventional agriculture is damaging all three of these systems by draining local economies through corporate business practices, isolating farmers and attributing to rural population losses, while depleting natural resources and polluting …
Planning Bicycle Infrastructure Based On Quickest Route Method, Olena Tokmylenko
Planning Bicycle Infrastructure Based On Quickest Route Method, Olena Tokmylenko
Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS)
Current bicycle models assume average speed along the route and among routes and travel time is proportional to distance. There is no method that determines realistic cycling time based on change in speed due to topography. Our research proposes a model for the development of bicycle infrastructure based on reducing travel time and level of difficulty. We identified that topography, human power, and riding speed have strong relationship and we developed bicycle travel time model where speed is a function of human power and topography. We solved the shortest route problem with time impedance where time was computed based on …
Quarters A At The Old Charleston Navy Yard: A Historic Interior Furnishing And Interpretive Plan, Wendy Madill, Charlotte Causey, Amy Elizabeth Uebel, Mary Margaret Schley, Julia Tew
Quarters A At The Old Charleston Navy Yard: A Historic Interior Furnishing And Interpretive Plan, Wendy Madill, Charlotte Causey, Amy Elizabeth Uebel, Mary Margaret Schley, Julia Tew
Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS)
Charleston's Naval Yard resembles a ghost town today, but it was once the city’s most active industrial district. It employed thousands of South Carolina workers who built warships and Navy infrastructure throughout the 1900s. When the Admiral presided over this bustling base, he lived at Quarters A. This social epicenter hosted military ceremonies, weddings, and PR visits from celebrities. Charles Lindbergh, Helen Keller, and FDR are some of the notables who walked these halls—halls that are now silent. Since the 1996 decommissioning of the base, Quarters A faces deterioration. Although exterior condition is poor, the interior is well-preserved. The purpose …
Community By [Design] By Community: Product & Process, Aaron Bowman
Community By [Design] By Community: Product & Process, Aaron Bowman
All Theses
In his seminal work De Architectura (The Ten Books on Architecture), the Roman architect Vitruvius proposed a definition that became a lasting benchmark for the elements of [DESIGN] -Firmness, Commodity, and Delight. While this three-part definition provided a common lens through which to view [DESIGN], it also created a divide between the trained 'specialists' who create [DESIGN] and the Community who experience and interact with it. For Vitruvius, [DESIGN] provided a physical demarcation of place and created a shared association that was collectively understood as a Community. As the idea of Community has become increasingly dissociated with place in the …
Can The Application Of A Landscape Designed Learning Environment Enhance Education?, Virginia Bailey
Can The Application Of A Landscape Designed Learning Environment Enhance Education?, Virginia Bailey
All Theses
There is a need for a restructuring the way that a child's learning environment is designed. Currently, the mainstream educational design process ignores the notion that children have different ways of learning. Furthermore, when there are so many distractions, how we successfully reach a child's mind has become a challenge. The current school system is structured in a manner that does not address the presence of these distractions, often causing overstimulation and inattentiveness. Designing for children should be approached in a way that all senses are engaged. Having opportunities for hands-on learning inside and outside of the classroom is important …
Guidelines For Healthcare Design In Mozambique, Custodia Dengo
Guidelines For Healthcare Design In Mozambique, Custodia Dengo
All Theses
The network of healthcare facilities in Mozambique is made up of facilities that are old and do not meet the current healthcare needs of the country. Many facilities have already existed well beyond their useful life of, with approximately 50 to 75 years, and continue to operate without considerable maintenance. The access to care is very low. According to the Ministry of Health, the ratio of population at the primary level of care delivery (health centers) is an average of 17,000 people per each healthcare unit and for the secondary level (district and rural hospitals) is 501,000 people per each …
The Making Of A Legacy: Three Generations Of Drayton Family Women And Their Influences On The Landscape Of The Lowcountry And Eighteenth And Nineteenth Century Charleston, Brittany V. Lavelle
The Making Of A Legacy: Three Generations Of Drayton Family Women And Their Influences On The Landscape Of The Lowcountry And Eighteenth And Nineteenth Century Charleston, Brittany V. Lavelle
All Theses
For eight generations, the Drayton family of South Carolina and their properties have played significant roles in the history and development of the city of Charleston. As scholars have extensively explored the successes of the Drayton patriarchs of the colonial era, this thesis will showcase the accomplishments of the three generations of eighteenth and nineteenth century Drayton family women in property management and estate development, revealing their influences on the establishment and expansion of one of Charleston's most recognized family legacies in property wealth and architectural grandeur. This study intends to prove through property and genealogical research that the legendary …
Detroit's Field Of Dreams: The Grassroots Preservation Of Tiger Stadium, Rebecca M. Long
Detroit's Field Of Dreams: The Grassroots Preservation Of Tiger Stadium, Rebecca M. Long
All Theses
From 1987 until the time of this writing, several grassroots organizations have fought for the preservation of Detroit's Tiger Stadium and its historic field. The goal of this thesis is to chronicle those efforts, examine how these organizations fit into the history of preservation movements, and delve into what continues to draw people to this historic site: its `power of place.' In order to accomplish these objectives, this thesis will detail the history of the site from its storied time as the home of Major League Baseball's Detroit Tigers from 1896-1999, up to the preservation efforts which have been the …
Slave Housing: In Search Of Endangered Architecture, Syra V. Valiente
Slave Housing: In Search Of Endangered Architecture, Syra V. Valiente
All Theses
Although enslaved Africans constituted a significant majority of the population of Charleston County, South Carolina, from the early eighteenth century until the Civil War, only miniscule number of former slave houses survive. Intense analysis of the surviving slave houses at McLeod Plantation on James Island raises questions about what inherent aspects of their plan and construction constitutes what this study labels 'slave architecture.' The emergence, development and decline of slave houses reflects the broader history of slavery in the South Carolina Lowcountry and suggests that improved documentation of these rare buildings can play an important role in conveying the history …
Solving Urban Conservation Issues Through Botanic Garden Functions, John Lashley
Solving Urban Conservation Issues Through Botanic Garden Functions, John Lashley
All Theses
Historically, botanical gardens have many contributing factors relating to their success. Attracting visitors to botanical sites all around the world and providing a unique set of resources are only a portion of what makes these types of gardens so successful. This paper will first analyze the effects botanical gardens, in their current state of operation; have on society from a cultural, economic, and environmental impact. This paper will then propose and discuss education, environmental and community awareness and urban potential. Through a past and present inventory, a proposed alternative future for botanical gardens will be revealed.
Botanical gardens have an …
The Application Of Food Landscape In Johns De La Howe School, Shuowei Qin
The Application Of Food Landscape In Johns De La Howe School, Shuowei Qin
All Theses
Recently, food landscape has been put forward under ecological urbanism. Most of our food in the plate comes from miles away and transporting them consumes large amount non-renewable energy in earth. At the same time, our existing landscape suffers from the land degrading because of old ecological paradigm. Food landscape encourages combining edible plants in our landscape and works under new ecological paradigm which could best address those two main problems. Food landscape is a newly coined word and does not have a specific definition. From intensive literature review, the origin, the rationale, and the benefits of food landscape will …
Dendrochronology: A Status Report For The Eastern United States, Elyse Harvey
Dendrochronology: A Status Report For The Eastern United States, Elyse Harvey
All Theses
Architectural historians and historic preservation practitioners have turned with increasing frequency to dendrochronology to determine dates of construction for houses and other timber structures for which the application of traditional dating techniques, chief among them historical documentation and stylistic analysis, failed. Since the advent of modern, statistically-driven tree-ring dating, analysis of the application of dendrochronology on the eastern region of the United States reveals that the use of this scientific technique has been unevenly applied and is most often used in New England and the Chesapeake. While the techniques used by American dendrochronologists are generally similar, practitioners have failed to …
Reconnecting Lost Place: Comprehensive Green Space Design Based On Historic Preservation Principles In Compact Changsha City, China, Jingjin Zhong
Reconnecting Lost Place: Comprehensive Green Space Design Based On Historic Preservation Principles In Compact Changsha City, China, Jingjin Zhong
All Theses
As a developing country with a booming of economy and increase of population, China is in the different process of coexisting between old and new. This is particularly significant issue when one considers the long history and significance of Chinese culture. This study examines historic districts in the ancient Changsha city; the study proposes a design for an integrated green space network, aiming at sustainability for future urban expansion that addresses environmental concerns and culture heritage. This study uses case studies selected from United States, worldwide and vernacular China. Results at the neighborhood scale, include a new green space organization, …
Fort Drive: Reestablishing Its Significance Within Washington, D.C.'S Park System, Kathryn Kelly Finnigan
Fort Drive: Reestablishing Its Significance Within Washington, D.C.'S Park System, Kathryn Kelly Finnigan
All Theses
This thesis is an in-depth examination of Fort Drive, a 20th century proposed parkway connecting the principal Union Army fortifications which encircled Washington, D.C. The goal of the work is to determine if the landscapes acquired for Fort Drive are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. This paper answers two questions: what role did Fort Drive play in establishing the Nation's Capital's park system; and are the remnants of the Fort Drive endeavor significant? These questions were answered through analysis of the National Capital Planning Commission's records, a comparison of the standards set by current National Register designations, …
Little Houses, Big Expenses: A Financial Study Of Small House Museums In New England, Marie Elise Haremski
Little Houses, Big Expenses: A Financial Study Of Small House Museums In New England, Marie Elise Haremski
All Theses
This thesis is examines the finances of house museums in New England with annual receipts under $250,000. It discusses the need to compile and evaluate data of this nature and the steps that were taken to obtain and present that data. This study maps how house museums behaved during this period. It will also present recommendations for practices that can be implemented to either drive revenue up or costs down.
It analyzes the various income and expense categories as they have been reported to the Internal Revenue Service for the filing years 2000 through 2009. The income categories analyzed include: …
Cultural Sustainability Of A Post-Industrial Brownfield In Wanzhou China: Maintaining Cultural Value Through Brownfield Redevelopment, Yi Zhang
All Theses
The post-industrial brownfield, generally regarded as one type of brownfield, is defined as an industrial property that remains abandoned or underutilized in part because of environmental contamination. In China, more and more post-industrial sites are abandoned because of changes to city land use, often becoming an obstacle for healthy city growth. This phenomenon places more concerns on brownfield redevelopment in China. Chinese professionals in landscape architecture can borrow some methods and techniques for addressing brownfields from more developed countries. While the brownfields in China share some similar characteristics with those in developed countries, they also have some specific features. For …
Ties That Bind: The Emergence Of Iron Tie Rod Reinforcement In Load Bearing Masonry Buildings Of Charleston, S.C., Jamie Lynn Wiedman
Ties That Bind: The Emergence Of Iron Tie Rod Reinforcement In Load Bearing Masonry Buildings Of Charleston, S.C., Jamie Lynn Wiedman
All Theses
Comprehensive studies of structural tie rods in Charleston's load bearing masonry buildings are scarce. While the presence of these anchors on building facades fascinates passersby and is appreciated throughout the city, a general knowledge of their history and emergence as a technology is lacking. Often associated with the earthquake of 1886, iron tie rods were in fact present in Charleston buildings as early as the 18th century. And while the effect of the 1886 earthquake on Charleston's built environment is typically looked at from a sociological or political perspective, and the physical effect has been studied extensively, rarely has the …
Rethinking The Industrial Landscape - Revealing The Curative Potential Of Genetically Modified Plants, Susannah Horton
Rethinking The Industrial Landscape - Revealing The Curative Potential Of Genetically Modified Plants, Susannah Horton
All Theses
At the turn of the 21st century, much like the turn of the 20th century there has been a major shift in North America with its industries and their impact on the landscape. With a trend of massive deindustrialization of large-scale production facilities throughout the (Gibbs 2003, 222-236) United States, it has directly impacted the landscape. There are currently changes underway in the American industrial landscape emphasizing a new technology whereby pharmaceuticals are manufactured in recombinant plants. These plant-derived pharmaceuticals are poised to become the next major part of the pharmaceutical industry. By recognizing the potential and studying the possible …
Castle Pinckney: Past, Present, Future, David Weirick
Castle Pinckney: Past, Present, Future, David Weirick
All Theses
Castle Pinckney is one of a few surviving 'castle' style forts. At the time of Castle Pinckney's construction in 1811 these all masonry, circular, casemated fortifications were a revolutionary experiment in military architecture, inspired by the theories of the foremost military engineers in the world. The southern theater of the War of 1812 never materialized, and Castle Pinckney was not called upon to demonstrate its superior tactical capabilities. As military technology progressed during the nineteenth century, Castle Pinckney became increasingly outdated, but its strategic location in Charleston Harbor caused its continued use as an important military post during the Nullification …
Re-Framing Historic Agra: Resident Central Design Recommendations For The Yamuna River At Agra, India, Akshay Badwe
Re-Framing Historic Agra: Resident Central Design Recommendations For The Yamuna River At Agra, India, Akshay Badwe
All Theses
The Yamuna River has religious significance in India. Its landscape evolved based on the cultural philosophies of Hindus and Islam. The current rapid urbanization in India affects the river, resulting in utilitarian drain. This study recognizes that extensive contamination is harmful for the physical and the cultural values along the river. Therefore, a new plan for the design and management of the river is needed. To create new sustainable model, qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the conservation of both the intangible and the tangible values in the region. The 105 surveys responses and interviews from the residents of …