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Articles 211 - 240 of 3542
Full-Text Articles in Architecture
Information Management / Bim Private Sector Adoption Business Case, Robert Moore
Information Management / Bim Private Sector Adoption Business Case, Robert Moore
Tools
This business case sets out the rationale for adopting Information Management and Building Information Modelling (IM/BIM) within the private sector, aligned with ISO 19650. It explains how a structured, standards-based approach to managing information across the project lifecycle can reduce risk, improve coordination, and protect commercial margins by minimising rework, late changes, and delays. The document highlights that early and targeted investment in people, processes, and digital tools delivers the greatest return, supporting faster approvals, clearer decision-making, more competitive bids, and consistent project delivery. Overall, the business case positions IM/BIM as a practical enabler of productivity, resilience, and long-term competitiveness …
Information Management / Bim Adoption Plan, Robert Moore
Information Management / Bim Adoption Plan, Robert Moore
Tools
This adoption plan translates the Information Management and BIM adoption strategy into a clear, actionable programme of work. It sets out the specific activities, responsibilities, and sequencing required to build capability across people, processes, and technology, supporting consistent implementation in line with ISO 19650 and organisational objectives. The plan enables progress to be managed, monitored, and reviewed over time, ensuring adoption is proportionate, achievable, and aligned with project and business needs. Overall, it provides a practical mechanism for moving from intent to delivery, embedding Information Management and BIM as standard practice within the organisation.
Information Management / Bim Adoption Strategy, Robert Moore
Information Management / Bim Adoption Strategy, Robert Moore
Tools
This adoption strategy sets out a structured approach for organisations to plan, govern, and deliver the adoption of Information Management and Building Information Modelling (IM/BIM). It focuses on aligning leadership intent with clear objectives, defined actions, and measurable outcomes, ensuring that people, processes, and technology are developed in a coordinated way. The strategy supports a phased and proportionate approach to adoption, enabling organisations to build capability over time, respond to client and market requirements, and embed continuous improvement. Overall, it provides a clear framework for translating strategic intent into practical, repeatable actions that support consistent, standards-aligned delivery and long-term organisational …
Uniclass Irish Bim Mandate Guide, Robert Moore
Uniclass Irish Bim Mandate Guide, Robert Moore
Tools
This guidance document provides practical direction on implementing Uniclass within Irish public sector projects to support the Capital Works Management Framework (CWMF) BIM mandate. It explains how Uniclass, used alongside ISO 19650, IFC, and ICMS, enables consistent classification of information across the asset lifecycle, supporting the creation of a reliable golden thread of data from design through to operation. The document sets out how Uniclass works in practice, clarifying roles and responsibilities, common challenges, and mitigation measures, and includes a worked examples to support consistent application. Overall, the guide positions Uniclass as a key enabler of structured information management, improved …
Information Management / Bim Technology Deployment Plan, Robert Moore
Information Management / Bim Technology Deployment Plan, Robert Moore
Tools
This technology deployment plan sets out the practical steps required to implement and operationalise selected Information Management and BIM (BIM) technologies. It defines activities, responsibilities, sequencing, and dependencies to ensure systems are configured, tested, and adopted in a controlled and coordinated manner. The plan supports effective change management, training, and transition to business-as-usual use, reducing risk and disruption. Overall, it provides a clear, actionable framework for moving from technology selection to consistent, reliable use that supports standards-aligned Information Management / BIM delivery.
Information Management / Bim Adoption And Implementation Roadmap, Robert Moore
Information Management / Bim Adoption And Implementation Roadmap, Robert Moore
Tools
This roadmap sets out a clear, practical approach for organisations to adopt and implement Information Management and Building Information Modelling (IM/BIM) in line with ISO 19650 and the Capital Works Management Framework (CWMF). It provides a phased pathway from early capacity to advanced capability, showing how organisations can progressively build skills, processes, and digital workflows while meeting the requirements of the Irish BIM mandate. The roadmap aligns organisational change with project-level delivery, emphasising the foundations of people, process, and technology, and the importance of collaboration, governance, and continuous improvement. Overall, it supports organisations in moving from basic information management to …
Development Of An Artificial Intelligence Web Based System For Classification Of Tomatoes Disease, Joshua Sokowonci Mommoh, Etinosa Noma-Osaghe, Vera Nimo Timai, Odike Arnold Uchechi, Solomon Obhenbhen Ibharunujele, Blessing Godday
Development Of An Artificial Intelligence Web Based System For Classification Of Tomatoes Disease, Joshua Sokowonci Mommoh, Etinosa Noma-Osaghe, Vera Nimo Timai, Odike Arnold Uchechi, Solomon Obhenbhen Ibharunujele, Blessing Godday
Mansoura Engineering Journal
The development of this platform addresses the challenges associated with traditional tomato disease detection methods as well as the challenges of current machine learning and deep learning models in accurately detecting tomato diseases. Conventional methods of tomato disease diagnosis typically rely on expert evaluation but are time-consuming and susceptible to human mistakes. Incorrect diagnoses of certain diseases could lead to poor control measures, resulting in decreased agricultural productivity. In this research, the PlantVillage dataset, comprising 18,160 tomato leaf images distributed across 10 classes, was used to train two machine learning models, namely, Inception-ResNetV2 and Inception V3. The models were configured, …
Metamaterial-Based Microstrip Antenna For Safe Detection Of Tiny Breast Tumors, Shrouk E. El-Sawy, Mohamed G. Abdelfattah, Nihal F.F. Areed, Ahmed Shaban Samra
Metamaterial-Based Microstrip Antenna For Safe Detection Of Tiny Breast Tumors, Shrouk E. El-Sawy, Mohamed G. Abdelfattah, Nihal F.F. Areed, Ahmed Shaban Samra
Mansoura Engineering Journal
This study describes the construction of a compact microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with a triangular-shaped metamaterial layer for the safe detection of tiny breast tumors at 2.4 GHz. The metamaterial considerably improves the antenna's gain and directivity when compared to typical designs that do not include it, resulting in improved detection performance. The radiating patch of proposed antenna measures 29.3 × 38 × 1.6 mm and has been tested through simulations and experimental tests, exhibiting successful tumor identification in a realistic breast phantom. The results of both calculations and testing demonstrate a sensitivity of 6.643 dB/mm, allowing for precise detection …
Experimental Investigation On Thermal And Exergetic Performance Improvement Of A Half-Cylindrical Solar Still Using Pcm And Reflectors, Ahmed Saad Soliman, Ping Cheng, Ahmed A. Sultan, Osama Abdelrehim, Asmaa Khater, Mohamed A. Sultan
Experimental Investigation On Thermal And Exergetic Performance Improvement Of A Half-Cylindrical Solar Still Using Pcm And Reflectors, Ahmed Saad Soliman, Ping Cheng, Ahmed A. Sultan, Osama Abdelrehim, Asmaa Khater, Mohamed A. Sultan
Mansoura Engineering Journal
This study explores the potential of enhancing solar still performance by integrating a corrugated absorber with phase change material (PCM) and a reflector. The study aims to improve water yield, extend operation beyond sunset, and boost thermal and exergy efficiencies compared to a conventional flat absorber. Experiments were carried out on flat, corrugated, and corrugated-with-PCM absorbers, both with and without reflectors, to evaluate the effect of each modification. The results show that using a reflector with a flat absorber improved daily productivity by 22%. A corrugated absorber increased accumulated productivity by 38%, and when combined with a reflector, the improvement …
Time Series Modeling Of Land Use And Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing, Ahmed A. F. Abd El Hamed, Fawzi H. Zarzoura, Mahmoud El-Mewafi
Time Series Modeling Of Land Use And Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing, Ahmed A. F. Abd El Hamed, Fawzi H. Zarzoura, Mahmoud El-Mewafi
Mansoura Engineering Journal
Understanding land use / land cover changes is essential for planning sustainable development. It represents the transformation of the land due to human activities, which is related to sustainable development that aims to achieve the needs of the present generations without affecting the future. Land use / Land cover is studied in Al Alamein region, northern Egypt, with supervised classification methods using satellite images from Landsat 8 and Sentinel - 2A in 2023 and analyzes the accuracy assessment, which shows Maximum likelihood is better in both sensors achieving overall accuracy (91.80% and 91.02%) and kappa coefficient (0.814 and 0.8799). Then …
Patent Searching With Uspto, Derwent Innovation And Lens.Org, Ibis Anette Moreno-Lozano
Patent Searching With Uspto, Derwent Innovation And Lens.Org, Ibis Anette Moreno-Lozano
Day Family Research Lab Workshop Series
No abstract provided.
Mechanistic Modelling And Parameter Estimation Of Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis Of Green Fuel, Rasheed U. Owolabi, Obinna P. Anele, Mohammed A. Usman
Mechanistic Modelling And Parameter Estimation Of Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis Of Green Fuel, Rasheed U. Owolabi, Obinna P. Anele, Mohammed A. Usman
Mansoura Engineering Journal
Investigation of the kinetics and mechanistic modelling of biodiesel synthesis through the reaction of castor oil with methanol under catalyzed conditions was carried out in this study. The reaction mechanisms of the Eley-Rideal, Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson, and Hattori type were employed to identify the rate-determining or controlling step of the reaction. Thirteen rate expressions were developed for reactant adsorption, product desorption, and surface chemical reactions. The experimental data from Sanchez-Cantu et al. were used to validate the models, and the best-fitting model and parameter estimation were evaluated using SAS and MATLAB software. From the results, the Eley-Rideal mechanism with glycerol desorption as …
Using Artificial Intelligence Applications In Humanizing Temporary Buildings For Workers, Developing Design Standards And Involving Users, Anas Almahmoud, Hatem El Shafie
Using Artificial Intelligence Applications In Humanizing Temporary Buildings For Workers, Developing Design Standards And Involving Users, Anas Almahmoud, Hatem El Shafie
Mansoura Engineering Journal
This research focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) and its tools for assisting in architectural design and decision-making. It identifies modern AI applications for use in research and design processes, aiming to raise awareness among architects and consulting firms. This is the primary objective of the research. The study also analyzes a mobile temporary worker cabin complex in Riyadh, specifically the metro project, as a case study. The goal is to address its architectural program, improve its design, identifies the necessary design criteria and make it more humane. The core research problem lies in testing the effectiveness of using AI tools …
The Impact Of Infrastructure Construction And Remodeling Of Cities On Its People' Quality Of Life Miraj District-(Madi-Cairo) As A Geological Heritage Area, Ahmed M.E. Hammad
The Impact Of Infrastructure Construction And Remodeling Of Cities On Its People' Quality Of Life Miraj District-(Madi-Cairo) As A Geological Heritage Area, Ahmed M.E. Hammad
Mansoura Engineering Journal
Rapid urbanization is increasing globally, the urbanization rate expected to rise to more than 66% by 2050. (According to UN estimates) the increasing rates of urbanization in the world means adding 2.5 billion people to the urban population within a short period. Which necessitates increasing the traffic axes and the rest of the networks in terms of lengths and widths within the existing cities, and with the presence of the population during these works - despite their inevitability - the quality of their urban life is affected socially, naturally and economically. the research monitors these effects and the extent of …
Evaluating The Preparedness Of Local Zoning Regulations For Flood Risk Reduction In The Most Affected Local Jurisdictions In Nebraska, Md Asaduzzaman Noor
Evaluating The Preparedness Of Local Zoning Regulations For Flood Risk Reduction In The Most Affected Local Jurisdictions In Nebraska, Md Asaduzzaman Noor
Community and Regional Planning Program: Theses
Flooding has profound social, economic, and environmental impacts on local communities, and zoning plays a critical role in mitigating these risks. The 2019 Nebraska floods, among the most severe in the state’s history, highlighted the urgent need to strengthen local preparedness and mitigation strategies. This study assesses the extent to which local zoning regulations in Nebraska’s most affected jurisdiction, including rural areas, address flood risk reduction. A systematic review of 117 zoning ordinances from counties, cities, towns, and villages, we applied a structured analytical framework encompassing regulatory and permitting policies, voluntary and incentive-based measures, and nature-based solutions. The results show …
The Iron Pyramid: Expanding The Iron Triangle To Integrate Safety As A Fundamental Dimension Of Construction Success, Laura Cooley
The Iron Pyramid: Expanding The Iron Triangle To Integrate Safety As A Fundamental Dimension Of Construction Success, Laura Cooley
All Theses
For more than fifty years, construction project success has been judged by staying on schedule, remaining within budget, and completing the planned scope of work—an approach commonly known as the “Iron Triangle” (Barnes, Ph.D., 2006). While these measures are important, they do not capture the full range of factors that determine whether a project truly succeeds.
This study introduces the “Iron Pyramid” (Cooley, 2025), a model that expands the traditional framework by adding a fourth dimension: safety. Safety is understood not simply as regulatory compliance or the absence of injuries, but as a holistic construct encompassing project culture, leadership practices, …
Large-Scale Experimental Study On The Impact Of Air Cleaning & Ventilation On Indoor Air Quality And Student Illness-Related Absenteeism, Daud Nosham
Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–
This large-scale randomized experimental field study investigated the effect of portable air purifiers (PAPs) on classroom’s air quality and student’s illness related absenteeism. PAPs were installed in 317 classrooms from various school districts located in Eastern Nebraska. The classrooms were randomly assigned into four conditions: three treatment conditions (T1, T2 & T3) and one control condition (device without any filter). T1 was equipped with HEPA filters, T2 added Activated Carbon (AC) layer to HEPA, and T3 further integrated Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) alongside HEPA and AC filters. The measured variables were carbon dioxide (CO2), fine particles (PN2.5) and coarse particles (PNcoarse), …
Rapid State-Of-Health Estimation Of Batteries Using Machine Learning With Limited Eearly-Discharge Voltage Data, Mohammad Bakhtiari
Rapid State-Of-Health Estimation Of Batteries Using Machine Learning With Limited Eearly-Discharge Voltage Data, Mohammad Bakhtiari
Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The utilization of lithium-ion batteries has been rapidly expanding across diverse sectors, including electric transportation, stationary energy storage systems, and the built environment. Ensuring a high level of reliability in these applications is essential, as the performance and safety of such systems depend strongly on the accurate assessment of the battery’s State of Health (SOH). Conventional SOH estimation techniques—often based on complex electrochemical models or extensive laboratory testing—tend to require a large number of measurements, advanced instrumentation, and high computational cost. These factors make them impractical for large-scale deployment or real-time monitoring. This study introduces a simplified machine-learning-based approach for …
Lstm Network-Based Scheme For Automatic Characterization Of Power Quality Disturbances, Akram Elmitwally, Mohamed Nader
Lstm Network-Based Scheme For Automatic Characterization Of Power Quality Disturbances, Akram Elmitwally, Mohamed Nader
Mansoura Engineering Journal
Recognition of power quality (PQ) troubles is a critical task in the electrical power industry. Most previous works solve the classification problem using separate feature extraction phase and classification phase. Each phase has its own techniques, and consumes a computation time. This study proposes to utilize the long short-term memory (LSTM) network as a deep learning model to classify the PQ events in one shot. The LSTM network uses its particular processing to classify a PQ event signal directly by reading its time-sequence data. Then, a dedicated post-classification algorithm (PCA) extracts start time, end time, duration, amplitude, and total harmonic …
Building Services Engineering November/December 2025
Building Services Engineering November/December 2025
Building Services Engineering
No abstract provided.
Diseño Visual, Identidad De Género Y Diversidad Cultural En La Animación Contemporánea: El Caso De Raya And The Last Dragon, Elisabet Fonts González
Diseño Visual, Identidad De Género Y Diversidad Cultural En La Animación Contemporánea: El Caso De Raya And The Last Dragon, Elisabet Fonts González
GDI. Revista de investigación de Género, Diseño e Innovación
En los últimos años, la animación ha evolucionado hacia representaciones más inclusivas de género y diversidad cultural. Raya and the Last Dragon (López Estrada & Hall, 2021) destaca como un caso significativo de esta transformación, integrando elementos visuales, narrativos y simbólicos que reconfiguran los arquetipos femeninos tradicionales. Este estudio adopta un enfoque cualitativo centrado en el análisis visual, narrativo y simbólico de los personajes Raya, Namaari y Sisu. Basándose en fuentes primarias del proceso creativo y marcos teóricos de la animación y los estudios de género (Furniss, 2017; Lauretis, 1987; Wells, 1998), presta especial atención al diseño de personajes, la …
Elena Asins Y Las Afueras Del Canon: Animación Computacional Y Resistencia, Maria Mar Garrido Román
Elena Asins Y Las Afueras Del Canon: Animación Computacional Y Resistencia, Maria Mar Garrido Román
GDI. Revista de investigación de Género, Diseño e Innovación
Este artículo examina las animaciones generadas por ordenador producidas por Elena Asins, analizando cómo su práctica artística moviliza el pensamiento lógico-matemático, la programación y la experimentación visual. A través de una revisión de su metodología, contexto de producción y resultados formales, el estudio explora la incorporación de procesos algorítmicos en su obra, que generan imágenes con extensión temporal y la consolidan como una figura clave en la historia del arte digital y la animación experimental en España.
La investigación se basa en el análisis de fuentes primarias y, con el objetivo de situar su producción en un marco internacional, establece …
Una Animación Propia. Discurso Emancipador Desde El Cine De Animación Independiente, Elisa Martínez, Damià Jordà
Una Animación Propia. Discurso Emancipador Desde El Cine De Animación Independiente, Elisa Martínez, Damià Jordà
GDI. Revista de investigación de Género, Diseño e Innovación
Introducción: A pesar de la temprana incorporación de las mujeres a la industria de la animación, sus roles fueron históricamente relegados a labores mecánicas, limitando su capacidad de decisión creativa. Este artículo analiza cómo el cine de animación independiente del siglo XX funcionó como un espacio esencial para las directoras que buscaban un control artístico que permitiera desarrollar discursos emancipadores. Se parte de la hipótesis de que el circuito independiente propició que las animadoras desarrollaran técnicas y narrativas alternativas que rompieron con los cánones plásticos y los preceptos ideológicos dominantes en la industria. Metodología: Mediante una metodología cualitativa, …
Colaboración, Discurso Y Técnicas: La Resistencia Simbólica En El Sueño De La Sultana (Isabel Herguera, 2023), Nerea Cuenca-Orellana
Colaboración, Discurso Y Técnicas: La Resistencia Simbólica En El Sueño De La Sultana (Isabel Herguera, 2023), Nerea Cuenca-Orellana
GDI. Revista de investigación de Género, Diseño e Innovación
La película El sueño de la sultana (Isabel Herguera, 2023) reinterpreta el cuento utópico homónimo de Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1905) realizando una exploración visual que combina animación, archivo y testimonio. El presente trabajo propone un análisis de la obra desde cuatro puntos clave e interrelacionados: la autoría colaborativa y femenina, los discursos visuales, los lenguajes y técnicas, y las formas de resistencia simbólica con el objetivo principal de establecerla como un caso práctico de diseño feminista contemporáneo.
En primer lugar, se examina el proceso de creación de la película como práctica colaborativa transnacional, donde la animación se convierte en un …
Bond Behavior Of Full-Scale Beams Using Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete, Hayder H. Alghazali, Atheer H.M. Algburi, John J. Myers
Bond Behavior Of Full-Scale Beams Using Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete, Hayder H. Alghazali, Atheer H.M. Algburi, John J. Myers
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Sustainable concrete is a step towards greener and more eco-friendly concrete construction practices, helping to solve global environmental problems. The present study focuses on the bond behavior between steel reinforcement and greener self-compacting concrete, specifically sustainable self-compacting concrete (SUS-SCC). Three SUS-SCC mixtures with different fly ash (FA) to cement replacement levels of [50, 60, and 70% (by mass)] were developed. Twelve full-scale SUS-SCC beams with a cross-section of (305 x 57) mm and a total length of 3048 mm were cast and tested using a four-point load test setup. The effect of longitudinal and lateral steel reinforcement ratios in the …
Nonlinear Flow Structures From The Interaction Of Internal Waves With Topography, Matthew R. Klema, S. Karan Venayagamoorthy
Nonlinear Flow Structures From The Interaction Of Internal Waves With Topography, Matthew R. Klema, S. Karan Venayagamoorthy
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper presents numerical simulations of the interaction of first-mode internal waves with a topographic edge at the intermediate scale, O (100) m, with a focus on the evolution of flow structures. Flow structure variation and evolution is explored through direct modifications to the amplitude of the internal wave interacting with topographic features of varying wave-topographic slope (g/s), height of the topography to the total domain depth (ht/d), and the wave Froude number (Fr = U0/cph), where g is the internal wave slope, s is the topographic slope, ht is the height of the topography, d is the simulation depth, …
The Environmental Integration - An Introduction To The Sustainability Of The Urban Heritage Of Nubia (Applied To Gharb Suhail), Ahmed Mohamed Said Elsaadany
The Environmental Integration - An Introduction To The Sustainability Of The Urban Heritage Of Nubia (Applied To Gharb Suhail), Ahmed Mohamed Said Elsaadany
Mansoura Engineering Journal
The Nubia region is an important historical and cultural place, as it is distinguished by a unique architectural heritage. The influence of the surrounding environment on the designs of buildings and structures in this region is evident. Traditional architecture arose spontaneously over long periods of time, but it was essentially based on correct scientific concepts. The architecture of Nubia in southern Egypt, which is located on the banks of the Nile River, was a mud architecture that used natural building materials from the environment influenced by Ancient Egyptian architecture, some influences from Islamic architecture represented in privacy and courtyard in …
Transdisciplinary Perspectives On Ai: The Fourth Annual Conference Of The European Culture And Technology Laboratory, Connell Vaughan, Ioana Madalina Moldovan, Silivan Moldovan, Noel Fitzpatrick
Transdisciplinary Perspectives On Ai: The Fourth Annual Conference Of The European Culture And Technology Laboratory, Connell Vaughan, Ioana Madalina Moldovan, Silivan Moldovan, Noel Fitzpatrick
Books/Book Chapters
The fourth annual conference of the ECT Lab+ was hosted by Technical University of Cluj-Napoca over two days in October 2024 at the Cluj Innovation Park. The conference brought together experts from the Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Technology, and other fields to discuss and reflect on the advent of Artificial Intelligence and how the associated technologies are transforming how we live, work and study. Under the title Transdisciplinary perspectives on AI: Alternative Histories, Current Practices and Possible Futures the conference moved beyond simplistic technophila and technophobia to consider whether we can co-evolve with these new technologies which combine machine learning …
Evolving Towards Efficient Technologies In Power Systems: The Paradigm Of Energy Internet Survey, Dina Emad, Omar Abdel-Rahim, Tanemasa Asano, Sobhy M. Abdelkader
Evolving Towards Efficient Technologies In Power Systems: The Paradigm Of Energy Internet Survey, Dina Emad, Omar Abdel-Rahim, Tanemasa Asano, Sobhy M. Abdelkader
Mansoura Engineering Journal
The Energy Internet represents a significant advancement in the modernization and automation of electricity systems, offering a framework for future smart grids where all electrical devices are interconnected through energy routers. This system integrates advanced power electronics, information technology, and smart control technologies, enabling the accommodation of diverse energy sources and storage devices. With its bidirectional energy flow and sharing capabilities, the Energy Internet holds great promise for the future. However, several challenges must be addressed to fully realize this potential. This review provides an overview of the Energy Internet framework and explores key challenges, particularly those related to energy …
Assessment Of Traffic Related Air Pollution Effects On Indoor Air Quality In Educational Buildings, Ahmed Gouda Mohamed, Mohamed Sherif Dr., Fahad Alqahtani Dr., Yousif Deeb Eng.
Assessment Of Traffic Related Air Pollution Effects On Indoor Air Quality In Educational Buildings, Ahmed Gouda Mohamed, Mohamed Sherif Dr., Fahad Alqahtani Dr., Yousif Deeb Eng.
Civil Engineering
This study assesses the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on indoor air quality (IAQ) within a Riyadh school. The main objectives are to pinpoint factors influencing IAQ and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing ventilation and filtration systems. Air quality Egg sensors monitored nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) levels both indoors and outdoors over 30 days. Findings revealed average indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of 14.09 µg/m3 and 18.15 µg/m3, respectively, while outdoor concentrations averaged 20.63 µg/m3 and 27.88 µg/m3. A strong positive correlation was observed between indoor and outdoor PM levels, …