Architecture Commons^™

Self-Lubricating Nano-Coatings For Tribological Applications: Materials, Mechanisms, And Ai-Driven Design Approaches, Viral Panara, Vikas Panchal, Satayu Travadi, Harmish Bhatt, Madhav Oza

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Self-lubricating coatings with nanostructured structures are becoming crucial in order to decrease friction and wear in critical tribological systems like precision tools, biomedical implants, aerospace actuators, and engines. In this review, the most representative nano-engineered solid lubricants such as transition metal dichalcogenides, diamond-like carbon, hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, MXenes and hybrid multilayer architectures are discussed. The focus of the discussion is on the most important tribological mechanisms like lamellar sliding, oxidative adaptation, tribofilm formation, transfer-film development, and nano-asperity contact evolution. It also summarizes the most significant deposition techniques, such as cathodic arc physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, plasma-based deposition, …

Data Collection Algorithm Based On Regression Analysis, Aiming To Minimize Data Processing Delays In 6g-Enabled Iot Networks, Archana Rajendra Mane, Sachin Vasant Chaudhari

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Researchers are currently investigating 6G wireless communication technologies because they can offer ultra-low latency, high data rates, and smarter network management than 5G. IoT services have spurred the development of cutting-edge technologies such as quantum communications, terahertz (THz), and artificial intelligence (AI), all of which are expected to be included into the subsequent generation of 6G networks. This paper presents a regression-based data collection algorithm for 6G-enabled IoT networks that dynamically prioritizes data through Random Forest regression. With a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.62 ms and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.83 ms, the proposed method can …

Performance Enhancement Of A Fully Integrated Solar Still Using Flat Plate Collector, Reflector, And Evaporative Cooling System, Joe Patrick Gnanaraj Sundararaj, Vanthana Jeyasingh

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Water scarcity has become a major global concern due to increasing population growth, industrialization, and depletion of freshwater resources. Solar desalination is considered an eco-friendly and sustainable solution, especially for rural and off-grid regions where conventional water treatment facilities are limited. However, conventional solar stills suffer from low productivity, which restricts their practical application. In this study, a fully integrated solar still system was designed and fabricated by incorporating a flat plate collector, front-wall reflector, and passive evaporative cooling arrangement. The system was experimentally tested under natural climatic conditions over seven consecutive days to evaluate temperature variation, distillate yield, and …

Advancing Ultrahigh Carbon Steel Characterization: A Metaheuristic-Tuned Deep Learning Approach, Walaa Omar El-Farouk Badr, Hossam El-Din Mostafa, Rania Elbana

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Accurate classification of ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) microstructures is essential for elucidating processing-structure-property relationships and enhancing material performance. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer powerful automated classification, navigating their complex, high-dimensional hyperparameter spaces present a significant computational bottleneck. To advance automated materials characterization, this study proposes a metaheuristic-tuned deep learning approach for robust and efficient microstructure classification. Two architectures, VGG16 and MobileNetV2, were evaluated under both pretrained and fine-tuned configurations, with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) applied for systematic hyperparameter tuning. Results show that GA substantially improves the performance of fine-tuned VGG16, achieving …

Mathematical Analysis Of The Slip Flow Due To A Cylinder Oscillating In Different Directions With Independent Amplitudes, Alana Sankar, Karim Rahaman

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study examines the incompressible viscous fluid flow in an infinitely long cylinder, with slip occurring at the cylinder’s surface, undergoing longitudinal and torsional oscillations of independent amplitudes. The proposed governing equations are solved subject to the Basset slip condition. Analytical expressions for the velocity field, shear stresses, drag force on the cylinder, work done and the drag coefficient are obtained. Velocity components, drag and work done are illustrated graphically. The magnitude of the velocity increases as slip decreases and as the frequency of oscillations increases. Drag increases in both directions as the slip decreases and as the frequency of …

A Multi-Valued Fixed Point Theorem For Quasi-Contractions On A Cone Metric Space, Regina Mahadewsing, Sreedhara Rao Gunakala, Vikash Ramcharitar, Reddappa Bandi, Akhenaton Daaga, Thameem Basha H

Mansoura Engineering Journal

A set-valued (multi-valued)  mapping  assigns to each  a nonempty closed and bounded subset . Using this notion, the present work broadens classical fixed point theory by proving a fixed point theorem for multi-valued quasi-contractive mappings in cone metric spaces. The developed argument extends several earlier results that were restricted to single-valued maps and more familiar set-valued settings, thereby providing a wider analytical framework within ordered Banach-space structures. These contributions enrich fixed point theory in generalized metric environments and can be relevant to problems in nonlinear analysis and optimization

Underwater Image Identification Using Fuzzy Soft Planar Graph, Bhuvaneswari Natarajan Jayakar, Karthick Palanisamy

Mansoura Engineering Journal

High-attribute underwater image segmentation is fundamental to autonomous marine exploration, biodiversity monitoring, and subsea infrastructure inspection. However, underwater environments are inherently stochastic, exhibiting severe light attenuation, chromatic distortion, scattering effects, and noise, all of which significantly degrade image quality and challenge conventional computer vision techniques. Hence, Fuzzy logic which handles uncertainty and imprecision in data and Soft sets which manage parameterized information, are widely applied to underwater image analysis. Fuzzy Soft Planar Graphs (FSPGs) constitute a mathematical framework that integrates fuzzy set theory, soft set theory and planar graph structures for preserving spatial topology. The proposed methodology adopts a hybrid …

Effectiveness Of Talcum Powder In Reducing Swelling Potential And Enhancing Strength Of Expansive Soil, Hesham E. Eleraky, Ashraf K. Nazir, Wasiem R. Azzam, Mohamed A. Sakr

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Expansive soils are clayey soils that undergo large volume changes as a result of moisture content variations. These soils have the potential to make foundations and other structures unstable and require costly repairs. This study examined the impact of adding talcum powder as a new stabilizing component to the matrix of an expansive soil in order to enhance the swelling pressure, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor, unconfined compressive strength at different periods of curing, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were all used in a series of laboratory tests to examine how adding talcum powder to expansive soil affected the soil's …

Performance Of Foamed Concrete Before And After Fire Conditions: A Review, Poles Bahgat, Mohamed Kohail, A. Fathy, A. Afifi

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Foamed concrete is defined as a type of concrete distinguished by its workability, low density, and insulating properties. It is used as building material. The objective of this review is to discuss the physical and mechanical characteristics and fire sensitivity of foamed concrete. Density influences the strength of concrete. The strength of concrete is between 2 and 3.5 MPa, which increased with the addition of gold mining waste, reaching approximately 35 MPa at optimal replacement levels.  There is a 60-70% reduction in strength for lightweight concrete with a density of 400-1200 kg/m³ compared to conventional concrete. The fire sensitivity of …

A Novel Federated Llm Framework For Distributed Traffic Modelling In Intelligent Transportation Systems, Seerat Kaur

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) depend on accurate traffic prediction to support congestion management, infrastructure planning, and real-time operational decisions. Despite substantial progress in data-driven forecasting, several challenges continue to limit practical deployment: traffic data is distributed across independent regional authorities, making centralized aggregation infeasible, standard federated aggregation strategies ignore traffic-specific characteristics that meaningfully affect model quality, and existing models produce only numerical outputs without interpretable reasoning that urban planners can act upon. This thesis addresses these challenges through four contributions that collectively advance privacy-preserving, explainable, and scalable traffic forecasting.

The first contribution provides a systematic review of 129 peer-reviewed publications, …

Intelligent Audio‑To‑Indian Sign‑Language And Sign‑To‑Audio Translation System Using Mediapipe, Tensorflow, Whisper And Google Tts, N. Pothanna, T. Kusuma, S. Haindavi, T. Sreeja, Shaik Shaheem Taj

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Communication barriers between the Deaf community and the general public remain a persistent challenge, particularly in multilingual settings where Indian Sign Language (ISL) is the primary mode of interaction. We propose a real-time bidirectional translation framework integrating MediaPipe for hand landmark extraction, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier built with TensorFlow/Keras for gesture recognition, OpenAI Whisper for robust multilingual speech-to-text transcription, and Google TTS for naturalistic speech synthesis. The system achieves 93% classification accuracy across 35 ISL classes (alphabets A–Z and numerals 1–9) on a dataset of 42,700 images, with macro and weighted F1-scores of 0.93. Deployed as a Flask …

Data-Driven Prediction Of Compressive Strength In Pofa-Modified Concrete: A Comparative Study Of Lr, Nlr, And Ann Models, Shuaaib A. Mohammed, Hawdin Ismael Ibrahim, Diar Fatah Abdulrahman Askar, Hersh F Mahmood, Mehdi Khodaei, Soran Abdrahman Ahmad

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Production of concrete results in high CO₂ emissions, high energy demand, and consumption of various raw materials; however, it is one of the most widely used materials in construction to date. Therefore, researchers aim to minimize the impact of concrete production through various methods, such as introducing sustainable sources of materials that can be used in concrete. For instance, agricultural waste materials can be used as partial cement replacement. This study presents a comprehensive data-driven analysis of the effects of POFA on the properties of normal-strength concrete. By synthesizing a database of 196 experimental datasets from existing literature, three …

Optimisation Of Stepped Basin Solar Still With Response Surface Methodology And Machine Learning Methods, M. Balamurugan, V. Santhanam, B. Deepanraj, S. P Manikandan, M. Yuvaperiyasamy, N. Senthilkumar

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This research focuses on enhancing the distillate output of a stepped basin solar still by optimizing key operational variables using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and advanced machine learning techniques. As water scarcity remains a critical global challenge, solar stills offer a viable, sustainable solution for desalination. These systems offer an energy-efficient approach to converting saline water intofreshwater, providing an alternative to conventional desalination methods. The primary objective was to investigate how variations in solar radiation, step height, and water inlet temperature influence the productivity of the stepped basin solar still. The solar radiation ranged from 600 to 1000 W/m², the …

The Professional Constructor, Full Issue

The Professional Constructor

Full Issue, Winter 2026

Volume 50, Number 01

Intelligent Torque Control Of Switched Reluctance Motors Based On Ditc And Wavelet Neural Network, Ameer L. Saleh, László Számel

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) have been considered a high-performance and environmentally friendly solution for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications owing to their simpler construction, robust design, and high efficiency. However, it suffers from high torque ripple and acoustic noise due to its highly nonlinear magnetic characteristics and double-salient structure.  This paper introduces a nonlinear torque control based on the Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) scheme and a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN)  to achieve better dynamic response and mitigate torque ripple.  The proposed WNN is employed as a nonlinear torque controller, inserted between the torque error and the hysteresis torque controller within …

Optimization Of Mechanical Properties Of Copper Nanofiller Reinforced Banana Fiber Polyester Composites Using Grey–Taguchi Method, Nikhil Janardan Rathod, Mayur Jayant Gitay, Markala Karthik, Harshwardhan Ghongade, Upendra Rajak, Rajendra Sopan Narkhede

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Mechanical performance of banana fiber-reinforced polyester composites maximized using a composite Taguchi and a Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) process. This will aim at enhancing dispensation limits to enhance better tensile, flexural and impact belongings. The hand lay-up method was used to create composites by variable three key limits and they included banana fiber content (30 wt%), copper nanoparticle content (15 wt%), and curing temperature (80 o C). Trial design and mechanical properties were being measured in form of ASTM values on a L9 orthogonal array.

The multi-response optimization was performed with the help of the Grey Relational Analysis, which was …

Secondhand Books Industry Between Extinction And Challenges Of The New Millennium: Insights Urban And Architectural Considerations From Al-Azbakeya Book Market., Ahmed M. Selim, Heba M. Gaber, Nehal M. Elmahdy

Mansoura Engineering Journal

At the beginning of the 21st century, the printed and secondhand book industry has faced enormous challenges, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, when book consumers sought to engage directly with e-books. The Azbakeya Book Market in Egypt is one of the markets that confronts this challenge, while maintaining its distinctive historical character. This study aims to rehabilitate the secondhand book market in Al-Azbakeya district as a model that simulates the potential urban and sustainable architectural design strategies for reviving this industry. The study framework was comprised into four sections. First, "desk-based research" was conducted to discuss the secondhand book industry …

A Hybrid Geoid Model For The Perlis Region, Malaysia Based On Cadastral Reference Marks And A Geometric Approach, Muhammad Aiman Haiqal Abdul Malek, Muhammad Faiz Pa’Suya, Ramazan Alpay Abbak, Ami Hassan Md Din, Noorfatekah Talib

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study presents the development of a high-resolution local geoid model for the Perlis region, Malaysia, using a geometric approach that integrates GNSS-levelling benchmarks with Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM) data. A total of 38 GNSS-levelling benchmarks were used as reference points, while 3,725 CRMs were incorporated to significantly enhance spatial coverage for geoid modelling. Orthometric heights at the CRM points were first determined by transferring heights from the reference benchmarks using gravimetric geoid information. Subsequently, geometric geoid heights were computed from the differences between ellipsoidal and orthometric heights. Five interpolation techniques were evaluated to generate the geometric geoid surface, namely …

Framing Inclusive Heritage Urbanism Reconfiguring Publicness In Mosque-Centered Precincts In Historic Cairo, Ghada Sayed Ghazala

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Mosque-centered precincts in historical cities face a continuous tension between touristic-led redevelopments, security management policies and urban life of commons. Recently in Historic Cairo state-led interventions occur in major mosque-centered settings with upgrading intent by enhancing visual order, crowd control and visitors’ experience, yet socio-spatial inclusivity stayed insufficiently incorporated in those implications. This study discourses this gap by initiating the Heritage Socio-spatial Inclusivity Framework (HSIF) to assess inclusivity across major mosque-centered realms – AL-Hussein Mosque & Al-Sayida Zeinab Mosque precincts -

HSIF synthesized urban design & heritage conservation concepts through indicators covering aspects like communal livability, users experience, governance & …

Development Of Enhanced Dingo Optimization Algorithm For Distribution Network Reconfiguration, Samson Oladayo Ayanlade, Ignatius Kema Okakwu, Richard Oladayo Olarewaju, Ayodeji Akinsoji Okubanjo, Joseph Bukola Samson, Oluwadare Adepeju Adebisi, Emmanuel Idowu Ogunwole, Oluwadare Olatunde Akinrogunde

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This paper presents the Enhanced Dingo Optimization Algorithm (EDOA) to reconfigure the radial distribution network with the long-standing problem of active power loss minimization while maintaining a stable and acceptable voltage profile. EDOA enhances the standard Dingo Optimization Algorithm (DOA) through the integration of adaptive search control, elite-guided local refinement, and crossover-based diversity preservation mechanisms tailored for distribution network reconfiguration problems. The proposed method has been tested on two test systems: the IEEE 33-bus standard as well as the real-world Ayepe 34-bus distribution feeder in Ibadan, Nigeria. In the IEEE 33-bus test system, EDOA reduces active power loss by 56.00%; …

Finite Element Analysis Of Oxygen Transport In Tissue And Capillaries With A Second Order Metabolic Consumption, Vikash Ramcharitar, Sreedhara Rao Gunakala, Reddappa Bandi, Donna M. G. Dyer, Jagdesh Ramnanan

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study presents a numerical investigation into the oxygen transport through a Krogh-type capillary-tissue model with second-order tissue metabolism. The governing non-linear equations are solved by implementing a Galerkin finite element method with a fixed-point iteration scheme. The resulting code and solution algorithm were successfully validated against available analytical solutions for zeroth- and first-order kinetics, showing very good agreement. Numerical simulations indicated, that under the parameters investigated, relative to zeroth- and first-order kinetics, a second-order metabolism leads to less overall oxygen consumption within the tissue phase. This yields higher oxygen partial pressures at the outer tissue boundary and higher oxygen …

The Effect Of Second-Order Slip In Hydromagnetic Eyring-Powell Flow: A Bvp4c Study, Ch. Maheswari, B. Naga Lakshmi, G. Dharmaiah, R. Mohana Ramana, B. Reddappa

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The steady-state Eyring–Powell boundary layer fluid flow past a moving surface is examined, considering various parameter implications. These include the wall mass transfer parameter (0.5  C   2.0), the magnetic field parameter (5  Mn 20), the velocity ratio parameter (0.1  λ1  0.7), Eyring-Powell fluid parameters (0.5 K 2 & 0.1 E 0.4), as well as the first-order velocity slip (0.1 γ 1.1) and second-order velocity slip (0.1 δ  0.4). By employing appropriate similarity transformations, the PDEs are reduced to a set of non-linear ODEs, which are subsequently solved using the bvp4c numerical technique and, an implication of key factors on shear …

Finite Element Analysis Of Multiscale Fgm Plate Using Modified Third Order Shear Deformation Theory, Ravi Kumar, Ajay Kumar

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Present paper aimed to examine the static and dynamic response of a carbon nanotube (CNT) infused multiscale functionally graded (FGM) rectangular plate structure. A third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) based on Reddy’s formulation with enforcing negligible transverse shear stresses at the outermost surface of the plate, is used. A nine-noded isoparametric element with 13 displacement variables per node is numerically investigated for finite element analysis. Using the Halpin-Tsai and homogeneous equation the elastic behaviour of the final material is obtained. The current result is first checked against a previously published result to validate the present mathematical model. The finite element …

A Novel Superaug Adaptive Data Augmentation Strategy For Metabolic Syndrome Prediction: The First Egyptian National Cohort Study With Multi-National Comparison, Nihal Elsonny, Ashraf Elsharkawy, Abeer Tawakol, Amira Y. Haikal

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity-related complications. Early and accurate prediction of MetS remains challenging due to heterogeneous data sources, class imbalance, limited sample sizes in regional studies, and poor generalization across populations.

This study introduces a comprehensive machine learning framework for predicting MetS and its prognostic factors using two heterogeneous datasets: a newly collected Egyptian clinical cohort and the U.S.-based (NHANES) [CDC, 2023] dataset. For each dataset, multiple experimental pipelines are developed, integrating preprocessing, feature selection, data augmentation, hyperparameter tuning, and ensemble modeling. …

Psychological Impact Of Cultural Heritage Vr Experience Using Well-Mind Framework. (Case Study: Mahmoud Sami Palace In Mansoura)., Sara Ahmed El-Bayoumi, Hager Ahmed El-Sayed El-Ayouti, Mohamed Mohamed Shawki Abo Leila

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study examines the psychological effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences designed to preserve and disseminate intangible cultural heritage. It addresses the growing challenge of declining cultural engagement and the need for innovative tools that support psychological well-being, emotional engagement, and cultural connection. A VR-based reconstruction was developed within the historic Mahmoud Sami Al-Baroudi Palace in Mansoura, Egypt, focusing on traditional Egyptian practices and oral storytelling. The evaluation employed the WELL-MIND framework alongside participant feedback to assess both structured well-being indicators and subjective user experiences. The WELL-MIND-based assessment indicated improvements in cognitive stimulation, emotional engagement, and environmental perception. In …

Optimal Design Of Concrete Canal Section For Minimizing Overall Costs Using Artificial Ecosystem Optimization, Aya M. Elkhouly, Hamdy A. El-Ghandour, Tharwat Sarhan, Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The optimal design of concrete-lined canals represents a critical challenge in hydraulic engineering, requiring simultaneous minimization of construction and operational costs while satisfying hydraulic performance constraints. This study presents a novel optimization framework that utilizes the Artificial Ecosystem-based Optimization (AEO) algorithm for determining optimal canal cross-sectional dimensions. The proposed methodology comprehensively considers excavation costs, lining expenses, and water losses due to seepage and evaporation while ensuring hydraulic efficiency through velocity and Froude number constraints. The AEO algorithm mimics natural ecosystem processes through production, consumption, and decomposition phases to efficiently explore the design space and converge to global optima. The framework …

Frequent Pattern Mining With Optimized Gated Recurrent Units For Automated Waste Classification Systems In Smart Cities, Anupriya Garg, Ratish Kumar

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Efficient waste segregation into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories is a crucial requirement for sustainable smart city development. While Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approaches have demonstrated promising performance, their high architectural complexity and limited adaptability often restrict real-time deployment. This paper proposes BnBCNet, a lightweight waste classification framework that reformulates image-based waste segregation as a sequential learning problem using Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). To further enhance classification performance, Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is employed for hyperparameter optimization, while Adam optimizer is used for network weight updates. Experiments conducted on a publicly available waste segregation image dataset demonstrate that the proposed BnBCNet …

Conductive Bitumen And Asphalt Mixtures For Smart Pavements: De-Icing And Snow Melting, Self-Healing, Energy Harvesting, And Self-Sensing Monitoring, Ahmed Fouda, Pengfei Liu, Aboelkasim Diab, Lingyun You, Fan Gu, Xu Yang, Alaa Gabr, Sherif El-Badawy, Ahmed Awed

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Evolving transportation infrastructure requires transitioning from passive roadways to smart, multifunctional pavement systems. This review synthesizes research on conductive bitumen and asphalt mixtures engineered for self-heating, self-healing, and self-sensing capabilities. Self-heating enables conductive pavements to generate heat internally via Joule heating or electromagnetic induction, raising surface temperatures for de-icing or healing activation without external heat.

Based on percolation theory, integrating conductive additives from carbon-based fillers (graphite powder, GP; carbon black, CB; graphene) to metallic fibers (steel wool, SW; steel fibers, SFs)—transforms the insulating bituminous matrix into a conductive composite. A key trade-off exists: fibrous additives like carbon fibers (CFs) and …

Experimental Investigation And Optimization Of Process Parameters Affecting The Compressive And Flexural Strength Of Epoxy Concrete For Machine Tool Structure By Using Taguchi Method, Amitkumar C Gohil, Hardik G. Chothani

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The structural performance of machine tool is strongly influenced by rigidity and damping characteristic; however, conventional material such as grey cast iron and steel exhibits limitation in achieving an optimal balance between weight, strength and vibration damping. The necessitates the development of alternative material with improved performance. In this study epoxy concrete is investigated as a potential material for machine tool structure, focusing on its compressive strength and flexural strength. A systematic experimental approach based on Taguchi method (L25 orthogonal array) was employed to optimize key process parameter, including resin contain, aggregate size, sand proportion, shaking time and curing duration. …

Event-Related Potential Variation In Response Accuracy: A Comparative Analysis Using Mne-Python, Akash Rajak, Sachin Umrao

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are extensively employed in the examination of neural responses linked with cognitive processing and changes in brain activity. In this work, we conducted a comparative analysis of ERPs on a publicly available EEG dataset (122 subjects, alcoholic and control groups) with the help of the MNE-Python framework. The 64 electrodes for EEG were placed according to the international 10 - 20 system, and EEG was sampled at a 256 Hz sampling rate over 1-second epochs. The preprocessing pipeline consisted of 1 - 40 Hz bandpass filtering, noise reduction, spectral computation, and ERP waveform analysis. Temporal neural activity …