Architecture Commons^™

Building Services Engineering March/April 2023

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Riverine Commons And Institute Framework Plan, Community Design Center

Community Design Center Project Reports

The nonprofit Watershed Conservation Resource Center is restoring a 98-acre riparian wetland landscape near downtown Fayetteville as a River Commons and Institute. The Framework Plan combines watershed restoration with architecture and urban design to house a river education center, a visitor interpretive center, walking trails, passive recreation facilities including bird watching and canoeing, and outdoor heritage exhibitions. The Plan operates at the intersection of anthropology, ecology, and design in developing a lasting and robust riverine knowledge fund across space and time.

Rheological Characterization Of Ultra-High Performance Concrete For 3d Printing, Arun R. Arunothayan, Behzad Nematollahi, Kamal Khayat, Akilesh Ramesh, Jay G. Sanjayan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The authors recently developed a 3D-printable ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (3DP-UHPFRC) for additive construction of structural members with significantly reduced reliance on steel bars. This study investigates the rheological behavior of the developed 3DP-UHPFRC. The effects of two major factors affecting the performance of 3DP-UHPFRC, namely steel fiber volume (0, 1%, and 2%) and nano-clay (NC) content (0, 0.1%, and 0.2% by binder mass) on workability, static yield stress, dynamic yield stress, and apparent viscosity were determined. Test results showed that the inclusion of steel fibers and NC reduced the workability and led to a significant increase in the static …

Effect Of Additional Water Or Superplasticizer On Key Characteristics Of Cement Paste Made With Superabsorbent Polymer And Other Shrinkage Mitigating Materials, Kamran Aghaee, Ricarda Sposito, Karl Christian Thienel, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) coupled with expansive agent (EA) or shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA) can effectively reduce shrinkage of cement-based materials. However, SAP particles at high contents can adversely affect rheological and mechanical properties. Securing proper workability can be accomplished by additional water or adjusting the superplasticizer (SP) demand. There is an uncertainty about the efficiency of these approaches to workability compensation. This study evaluates the effect of additional water or SP on key properties of cement paste made with SAP and relatively high content of EA or SRA. Macro and micro mechanisms underlying the effect of combined shrinkage …

Effect Of Class C And Class F Fly Ash On Early-Age And Mature-Age Properties Of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Paste, Sukanta K. Mondal, Carrie Clinton, Hongyan Ma, Aditya Kumar, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To Promote the Sustainable Development of Eco-Efficient Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) Cements through the Partial Replacement of the CSA Clinker with Supplementary Cementitious Waste Products, the Effects of Coal Fly Ashes on the Early-Age and Mature-Age Properties of a Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA)-Based Cement Paste Were Investigated. the Impacts of Both Class C and Class F Fly Ashes on the Rheological Properties, Hydration Kinetics, and Compressive Strength Development of CSA Cement Paste Were Studied. Rheology-Based Workability Parameters, Representing the Rate of Loss of Flowability, the Rate of Hardening, and the Placement Limit, Were Characterized for the Pastes Prepared with Fixed Water-To-Cement (W/c) …

Homogeneous Flow Performance Of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete For Repair Application: A Biphasic Approach, Naimeh Nouri, Masoud Hosseinpoor, Ammar Yahia, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, fiber-reinforced self-consolidating concrete (FR-SCC) was considered as a diphasic suspension of fiber and coarse aggregate (F-A ≥ 5 mm) skeleton in mortar suspension with solid particles finer than 5 mm. The coupled effect of the volumetric content of fibers, coarse aggregate particle-size distribution, and rheological properties of the mortar on the passing ability and dynamic stability of various FR-SCC mixtures was investigated. Nine high-strength and 10 conventional-strength FR-SCC mixtures for repair application were proportioned with water-to-binder ratios (W/B) of 0.35 and 0.42, respectively, and macro steel fibers of 0.1%–0.5% volumetric contents. The dosages of high-range water-reducer (HRWR) …

Dlr Covid-19 Mobility Review (Phase 2a): Report On Cmr Economic Development & Business Community Feedback, Sarah Rock Dr., Robert Bradshaw Dr., David O'Connor, Odran Reid

Reports

This research reports on the findings from an area focused economic development and business community focused study of the Costal Mobility Route (CMR), which is intended to complement and extend research previously conducted in Phase 1 of Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council’s (DLR’s) ‘Covid-19 Mobility & Public Realm Works’ project. This study is based on participant interviews, and is limited to businesses located directly along the CMR, as well as a number of business groups representing a wider area and a Local Enterprise Office.

While one company reported a significant decline in revenue that they attribute to the CMR, the remainder …

Estimating Solar Energy Production In Urban Areas For Electric Vehicles, Shaimaa Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations

Cities have a high potential for solar energy from PVs installed on buildings' rooftops. There is an increased demand for solar energy in cities to reduce the negative effect of climate change. The thesis investigates solar energy potential in urban areas. It tries to determine how to detect and identify available rooftop areas, how to calculate suitable ones after excluding the effects of the shade, and the estimated energy generated from PVs. Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are used in solar city planning. The goal of this research is to assess available and suitable rooftops areas using …

A Framework To Predict Variability Characteristics In Building Load Profiles, Sam Moayedi, Andrew Parker, Kevin James, Xiaoyue Cheng, Michael Hempel, Hamid Sharif, Mahmoud A. Alahmad

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

The expansion of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has provided building operators and researchers detailed information on building energy consumption. The majority of AMI systems, however, record data at relatively low resolutions of 15, 30, or 60 minutes, due to cost, storage and bandwidth limitations. Emerging applications in power flow analysis, Quasi-Static Time-Series Simulation (QSTS), smart grid integration and load matching, however, require data at higher resolutions. Short-term energy demand can deviate significantly from long-term averages, with an unknown magnitude and frequency when only low-resolution load profile data is available. This paper presents a novel data-driven approach to predict characteristics of …

Integration Of Real-Time Semantic Building Map Updating With Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (Amcl) For Robust Indoor Mobile Robot Localization, Matthew Peavy, Pileun Kim, Hafiz Oyediran, Kyungki Kim

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A robot can accurately localize itself and navigate in an indoor environment based on information about the operating environment, often called a world or a map. While typical maps describe structural layouts of buildings, the accuracy of localization is significantly affected by nonstructural building elements and common items, such as doors, appliances, and furniture. This study enhances the robustness and accuracy of indoor robot localization by dynamically updating the semantic building map with non-structural elements detected by sensors. We propose modified Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL), integrating object recognition and map updating into the traditional probabilistic localization. With the proposed …

Intro To Primary Sources, Katie Strand, Jen Kirk, Dan Davis, Lara Petersen

All E-Learning Resources

Attention: As of 2026 updated versions of this item will no longer be available on Digital Commons. Please contact [email protected] for more information.

The Identifying Primary Sources tutorial teaches students how they find, evaluate, and use primary sources in their own research. Along the way, they'll learn about some great places to start researching when looking for primary sources.

Properties Of Cement Mortar Containing Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (Hdpe), Amany G. Micheal Prof., Esraa Torky, Merna Amir

Centre for Advanced Materials

Millions of tones of plastic waste are generated globally and only less than 10 per cent has been recycled. It is crucial to segregate and circulate plastic waste and repurposing it for countless other uses. There are many ways to repurpose and reuse these discarded plastics. One use that can be examined is the use of plastic as partial sand replacement in mortar. To contribute to this important and valid discourse, the research studies the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled HDPE mortar as an active way of integrating plastic waste into the construction industry to partially eliminate some of …

Marshall, Il Brownfield/Superfund Site Project, Nathan Myers

2022 Fall Reports (Marshall, IL)

This course will examine modern public policymaking in the United States. We will examine the different forms that policy can take and how each branch of government can leave a lasting impact on policy. The course will investigate the environment in which policy in the U.S. is shaped and the key official and unofficial actors involved. The course will investigate how public policy issues are defined and earn a place on the policy agenda. The remainder of the course will focus on various criteria for evaluating policy: effectiveness, efficiency, equity, liberty, security, and resilience. The manner in which policy often …

Marshall Residential Development, Kimberly Smith

2022 Fall Reports (Marshall, IL)

Introduction and development of the design process through the exploration of abstract and realistic problem-solving applications. Design solutions are presented through the development of two- and three-dimensional presentation techniques.

Marshall, Il Housing Affordability Project, Nathan Myers

2022 Fall Reports (Marshall, IL)

This class is designed to provide a basic working understanding of statistical methods which are commonly used in the social sciences, including public administration. Students will learn the mathematical logic behind the procedures by calculating statistical formulas. Students will also gain proficiency in completing statistical procedures using Microsoft Excel (the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, or SPSS, may also be used).

Gamelan Gong Directivity Dataset, Samuel D. Bellows, Dallin T. Harwood, Kent L. Gee, Micah R. Shepherd

Directivity

No abstract provided.

Plural Communities: A Cultural Mapping Project + A Framework Plan For Cherokee Village, Arkansas, Community Design Center

Community Design Center Project Reports

What do urban designers do with culture? How might we redevelop a mid-century modern planned community through the mapping of cultural influences that shaped it? We explored memory and heritage central to cultural mapping and its participatory-based forms of public inquiry. 54 drawings integrate maps, folklore materials, archived media, photographs, and new drawings into five synchronic cultural frameworks that shaped Cherokee Village—Native American heritage, Ozark pioneer and folk heritage, camping and scouting, midcentury planned communities, and regional modernism in design and planning.

Cherokee Village was developed within a mid-twentieth century planning ethos that valued uniformity …

Integrating Life-Cycle Analysis Into Civil Infrastructure Resilience Decision Making: Illustrative Application To Seismic Resilience Modeling Of Us Communities, Milad Roohi, Jiate Li, W. Van De Lindt

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper aims to integrate life-cycle analysis into civil infrastructure resilience modeling and decision-making in seismic-prone communities. To achieve this aim, the authors present a methodology for modeling seismic life-cycle resilience of interdependent buildings and lifeline systems and subsequently informing resilience decisions directly related to the maintenance and retrofit of interdependent infrastructure to enhance a community’s physical, social, and economic systems. The methodology consists of 1) community data collection, 2) seismic hazard analysis, 3) physical damage analysis, and 4) system-level functionality and restoration analysis, 5) socio-economic impact analysis, 6) life-cycle optimization and retrofit decisionmaking. The methodology begins by developing geospatial …

The Relationship Between Ventilation Rates In Schools And The Indoor Airborne Transmission Potential Of Covid-19, Seamus Harrington, Mark Mulville, Spyros Stravoravdis

Articles

The requirement for natural ventilation strategies in classrooms to perform in respect to both their inherent and adaptive capacity is necessary to mitigate the risk of transmission associated with infectious airborne pathogens such as COVID-19. This paper assesses the performance of ten classrooms considering (a) the designed versus actual ventilation capacity; (b) the probability of airborne disease transmission by unit time resulting from calculated ventilation rates and (c) the reduction of transmission risk associated with mask wearing by all occupants.

Monitored air changes per hour (ACH) range from 0.26–1.7, demonstrating that none of the classrooms meet designed ventilation rate whilst …

Dissipated Hysteretic Energy Reconstruction For High-Resolution Seismic Monitoring Of Instrumented Buildings, Milad Roochi, Eric M. Hernández, David V. Rosowsky

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper proposes a high-resolution seismic monitoring framework that employs dissipated energy as a feature for damage detection and localization in instrumented building structures. The the methodology consists of (1) implementing a nonlinear state observer to reconstruct the dynamic response at all degrees of freedom (DoF) of a structural model, (2) employing the reconstructed response to estimate element-by-element forces and displacements, and (3) using estimated displacement, forces, and constitutive laws to estimate elementlevel dissipated energy. The main advantages of the proposed energy-based approach are that i) the proposed feature is physically meaningful and correlates well with the level of cyclic …

Mechanical And Impact Properties Of Fibrous Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete, Metwally Abd Allah Abd-Elaty, Mariam Farouk Ghazy, Omar Hussein Khalifa

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Geopolymer concrete significantly contributes to reducing harmful emissions by reducing the cement industry and replacing it with by-product materials produced by different industries. Geopolymers have enhanced mechanical properties compared with cementitious products, however, their ductility and impact resistance tend to be relatively low. Additionally, the used rubber tires provide a significant environmental risk. Consequently, this research's primary objective is to develop and investigate improved rubberized geopolymer concrete concerning ductility and impact resistance. Reusing Crumb Rubber (CR) as an alternative to natural sand was investigated to meet these goals using volume replacement ratios of (3%, 6%, and 9%). Additionally, different volume …

Video Anomaly Detection Using Residual Autoencoder: A Lightweight Framework, Mohamed H. Habeb, May A. Salama, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This paper proposes an efficient lightweight deep spatial residual autoencoder (SRAE) model to detect anomalous events in video surveillance systems. A lightweight network is essential in real-time situations where time is critical. Moreover, it could be deployed on low-resource devices like embedded systems or mobile devices. This makes it a very useful option for real-world situations where there may be a shortage of resources. The proposed network is composed of a 3-layer residual encoder-decoder architecture that is adopted to acquire the salient spatial characteristics representative of normal events in videos. Then, the reconstruction loss is used to find abnormalities, where …

Modified Hcm Method For Delay Estimation At Unsignalized T- Intersections: A Case Study From Delta Region, Egypt, Ahmed Mohsen Geweda, Sayed A. Shwaly, Usama Elrawy Shahdah

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study proposes a modified gap acceptance method to estimate control delay at unsignalized intersections in Egypt. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method for estimating control delay at unsignalized intersections assumes that all lower-ranking movements yield completely to higher-ranking movements. However, this assumption may not be valid in Egypt, where drivers in lower-ranking movements sometimes violate right-of-way. The proposed method introduces an adjustment factor to account for the amount of real priority that higher-ranking movements actually get from lower-ranking movements. The adjustment factor was developed based on data collected from three un-signalized T-intersections from Mansoura and Damietta cities in Egypt. …

New Dialogue Between Old Crafts And Historical City “Case Study: The Historical Fez Factory In Fowah”, Dalia Shebl

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Traditional crafts are playing an important part of local identity in the city … Nowadays more efforts are being made to preserve them and establish a base and anchor point of economic and touristic development in the Egyptian cities. the paper clarifies the heritage values could evolve in a future through present one of the oldest site in fowah has a characteristic location of traditional crafts therefore it played a great role in contributing and developing many crafts in the other Egyptian cities using a Past-Present-Future framework. The research followed an historical and theoretical methodology for documentation then analytical studies …

Cold-Formed Steel Strength Predictions For Combined Bending And Torsion, Yu Xia, Robert S. Glauz, Benjamin W. Schafer, Michael Seek, Hannah B. Blum

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Locally slender cross-section members, such as cold-formed steel Cee and Zee sections, are susceptible to significant twisting and high warping torsion stresses. Torsion considerations are complicated by whether it is derived as a first-order effect from loading or a second-order effect from instability. The current design for combined bending and torsion interaction has some limitations, including only considering the first yield in torsion and ignoring the cross-section slenderness in torsion. Previous work has derived a simple uniform equation to predict the bimoment capacity and two bimoment strength curves for local and distortional buckling under torsion only. This work is extended …

Variation Of Moisture Content And Temperature Under The Road Shoulder Improved With Wicking Geotextile, Javad Galinmoghadam, Xiong Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Several Pavement Distresses Are Associated with Excess Water in the Pavement System. Hence, Controlling Subsurface Water is Crucial to Pavement's Long-Term Performance. Improving Pavement Drainage is Commonly Used to Control the Water Content in Pavement Layers. Conventional Drainage Systems Can Work under Saturated Conditions but Cannot Effectively Drain Capillary Water. a New Type of Wicking Geotextile Has Been Developed that Can Drain Water under Both Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions. in This Study, the Performance of This New Type of Geotextile in Draining Water from a Paved Road Shoulder is Evaluated. a Full-Scale Test Section Along Interstate 44 Was Constructed and …

An Updated Analytical Method For Predicting The Bracing Behavior Of Z-Purlin Supported Standing Seam Diaphragm Systems, Michael W. Seek

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Roof systems utilizing Z-purlins as a secondary member supporting a standing seam panel system are used extensively by the metal building industry. The Z-purlins rely on the diaphragm action in the standing seam panel system to provide lateral support and transfer forces to anchorages. The behavior of the standing seam system is highly nonlinear making prediction of the interaction between the Z-purlin and the standing seam system difficult. To better understand the behavior of the interaction between the purlins and the panel system, a series of non-linear shell finite element models were developed based on the test results of simple …

How Can Visual Programing Be Used To Aid The Development Of A Structural Scheme Design Process Utilising Geometric Data Within An Architectural Revit Model?, Ed Carthy, Kieran Lakhera O'Shea

Reports

The early-stage structural scheme design of a building is a complex task requiring the collection of multiple information categories such as geometry, loading and materials. The collection and review of this information is traditionally conducted in a 2D environment. This is inefficient, time-consuming, and tedious. This paper provides a review of how structural engineers’ understanding and implementation of BIM has evolved significantly in recent years, validated by extant literature in areas such as BIM automation, visual programming, and structural optimisation in the structural engineering sector. Structural engineers are growing more aware that BIM provides a vast repository of data to …

Extending The Nno Ballistic Limit Equation To Foam-Filled Dual-Wall Systems, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A key component in the quantitative assessment of the risk posed to spacecraft by the micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) environment is frequently referred to as a ballistic limit equation (BLE). A frequently used BLE for dual-wall configurations (which are commonly used on spacecraft to protect them against the MMOD environment) is the New Non-Optimum, or "NNO", BLE. In design applications where a BLE is needed for a new structural system that has not yet been tested, but resembles to a fair degree a dual-wall system, it is common practice to equivalence the materials, thicknesses, etc., of the new system …

Higher-Order Effects In Biaxial Flexure Of Gfrp I-Section Beams, Zia Razzaq, Faridoon Z. Razzaq

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A theoretical study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) beams subjected to biaxial bending moments is presented with a focus on the influence of higher-order effects on maximum normal stresses. It is shown that the biaxial bending type of loading causes a dramatic increase in the maximum normal stress for a GFRP beam when induced torsional effects are included. The study demonstrates that the traditional first-order theory can grossly underestimate the maximum normal stress in a GFRP beam. Based on the numerical results presented using a higher-order theory which also accounts for induced warping normal stresses, the maximum normal stress …