Digital Commons Network^™

Osteoporosis Current State And Need For Screening With The Help Of Oral Health Physicians, Y. Udaya Sindhu, Abhishek Singh Nayyar, K. Siddhartha, B. Kartheeki, D. Bhargavi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone structure resulting in an increased susceptibility to fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis contributes to a great deal of morbidity and mortality and is a large burden to the health service. In the last four decades, numerous research teams have reported oral radiographic findings associated with osteoporosis. Digital orthopantomographs (OPGs), taken for routine dental evaluations, have a significant role in screening for initial osteoporotic changes. A number of mandibular cortical indices (MCIs) have, also, been developed to allow quantification of mandibular bone mass and identification …

Challenges In Delivering Stroke Care In India, Karkal Ravishankar Naik

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Preoperative Airway Predictive Tests How Far Are We From The Books?, Babatunde B. Osinaike

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Many preoperative airway assessment tests to predict a difficult intubation (DI) have been developed and documented, but we have no published data on how frequently these tests are used or how useful they are perceived by anesthetists in Nigeria. This survey was done among physician anesthetists in Nigeria to document practices related to the use of bedside airway predictive tests in adults.

Methods:

The following tests were compiled into a questionnaire and administered to physician anesthetists in training. Effective mandibular length, inter-incisor gap (IIG), Mallampati classification (MC), sternomental distance, thyromental distance, hyomental distance (HMD), range of neck motion (ROM), …

Effect Of Dexmedetomidine To Attenuate The Sympathetic Response Of Laryngoscopy And Intubation And Perioperative Hemodynamic Stability In Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery, Nilesh Maganbhai Solanki, Rekha Nilesh Solanki, Ritesh J. Patel, Ankur Garg

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background and Aims:

Dexmedetomidine is a selective α

2

agonist used as an adjuvant to attenuate sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in general anesthesia. Recent studies have shown that dexmedetomidine decreases brain flow and cerebrospinal fluid pressure without cerebral ischemia. Hence, it is beneficial in neurosurgical procedures. This study was undertaken to analyze the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery for good perioperative hemodynamic stability with blunt sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty, American Society of Anesthesiologists grades II-IV patients between 18 and 50 years of age undergoing craniotomy under general anesthesia were divided randomly …

Cardioprotective Effect Of, M. Santosh Kumar, Viswanatha Swamy Mallinathaiah Agadi Hiremath

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Objective:

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of

Acorus calamus

(AC) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial toxicity.

Materials and Methods:

Albino Wistar rats were used in this study. DOX was administered intraperitoneally in six equal injections (each containing 2.5 mg/kg DOX at 48 h interval) to a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg over 2 weeks to produce cardiotoxicity. Control and treated group animals were used for the estimation of lipid and cardiac biomarkers. Animals were sacrificed and heart tissue was used for the assay of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and …

Effect Of Etidronate On Depression Paradigms In Male Swiss Albino Mice And Wistar Rats An Experimental Study, N. Amitha, S. S. Torgal

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Objective:

Bisphosphonates represent the first choice in the treatment of osteoporosis, and no data are available concerning their effects on comorbid behavior alterations. There are some contradictory reports regarding these drugs with respect to antidepressant activity in humans. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the effects of etidronate in male Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice using depression paradigms, namely, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen male Wistar rats and 18 male Swiss albino mice were brought and acclimatized 10 days prior to experimentation. Then, they were randomized into three groups: …

A Randomized Control Trial To Assess The Effectiveness Of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouth Was Versus 1% Povidone-Iodine Mouthwash On Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis Patients With Head And Neck Cancer In Tertiary Cancer Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, Vanitha U. Bhavanishankar, Deepak G. Bagi, Milka D. Madhale

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Mucositis persists throughout radiation therapy. As radiation therapy continues mucositis worsens. It contributes to poor nutrition, low quality of life. Even though on one side radiation helps as a treatment, on the other side it has its complications that are making an issue in the developing countries. The aim of the study to assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as compared to 1% povidone-iodine mouthwash on radiation-induced oral mucositis among patients with head and neck cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Simple random sampling technique through lottery method was used to select the sample for study. The experimental group and …

A Comparative Study For The Selection Of Anterior Teeth By Correlating The Combined Width Of Six Maxillary Anteriors To The Curved Distance Measured On Occlusal Rims For Indian And Malaysian Population, Samiksha Dubey, Raghunath Patil

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Statement of the Problem:

The distance between the canines is usually measured around the curvature of the wax occlusal rim; however, most manufacturer's mold charts provide the measurements of the artificial six anterior teeth as if they were on a straight line.

Purpose:

To assess the correlation between combined mesiodistal width (CW) of six maxillary anterior teeth and curved distance (CD) from distal surface of one canine to the other measured on the occlusal rim for Indian and Malaysian population.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy maxillary dentate casts were used (35 Indians and 35 Malaysians). The width of each maxillary anterior …

Cytokinesis-Blocked Micronucleus Assay As A Biomarker For Risk Of Lung Cancer, Keerthana Ganesh, G. Tamizh Selvan, Surabi Ganga, Solomon F. D. Paul, Anita Ramesh, J. Vijayalakshmi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Lung cancer is the second most leading cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. It is an imperative requirement to find reliable markers which can be used effectively to assess the initial analysis and predict the risk of lung cancer. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay is one of the well-developed methods to measure the proficiency of genomic instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals with different types of cancer. In our present study, we used the CBMN assay to investigate chromosomal aberrations in lung cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:

Peripheral blood was collected from lung cancer patients (

n …

Evaluation Of Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels In Caries-Free Children And Children With Early Childhood Caries An, Harsha Gope Assudani, Shivayogi M. Hugar, Anuradha Patil, Suma H. P. Sogi, Neha S. Dhariwal, Prachi Thakkar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background and Objectives:

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent diseases of childhood. Pediatric dentists must make conscious efforts to prevent this condition for optimal oral health. Normal salivary function is considered critical for the maintenance of a healthy oral cavity. Saliva provides an easily available, noninvasive medium for the diagnosis of wide range of diseases and clinical conditions. The objective of the present study was to estimate and compare salivary nitric oxide (NO) levels in caries-free children and children with ECC.

Methodology:

The children were divided into two groups. Group I comprised thirty caries-free children and …

Clinical Profile Of Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Naveed Mohsin, Ravouf Asimi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background and Aims:

As a part of the Global Polio Eradication program by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1988), surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) was an important public health activity in many countries. With nearing eradication of poliomyelitis, other causes of AFP are gaining importance in both children and adults. Our study was designed to know the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of causes of AFP, including distribution by age, gender, and time. This was a prospective observational study.

Methods:

AFP cases were diagnosed on history and physical examination. The underlying etiology was ascertained by appropriate laboratory investigations such …

Dental Health Behaviors Among Homemakers And The Association With Socioeconomic Status A Study From Delhi, India, Rahul Sharma, Dinesh Raja, Vikas Kumar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Women who are homemakers represent a vulnerable group regarding dental health, given the traditionally low importance placed on their health and preventive behavior, especially in the developing countries.

Objective:

To study the dental health-related behaviors among the homemakers in a region of Delhi, India, and its association with socioeconomic status (SES).

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study done in four selected residential colonies in a region of Delhi. Seven hundred and fifty-four homemakers residing in the colonies participated in the study.

Results:

Of the women, only 45.5% brushed their teeth twice daily while just 5.2% flossed their teeth …

A Longitudinal Study To Evaluate Effect Of Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification Clear Corneal Incision Placed In The Steepest Meridian On Eyes With Preexisting Astigmatism, Umesh Harakuni, Anju Meena, Amishi Khanna, Abhinav Biala

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Context:

Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) is the cause of poor postoperative vision even after uneventful cataract surgery.

Aims:

(1) To evaluate the effect of SIA after phacoemulsification clear corneal incision in the steepest meridian on the magnitude of preexisting astigmatism (PEA). (2) To map the magnitude of SIA by incisions in superior (S) and temporal (T) positions.

Settings and Design:

KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre (MRC), Belagavi, Karnataka. Longitudinal study.

Subjects and Methods:

The present 1-year study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Belagavi, on patients undergoing cataract …

Prevalence Of Ocular Trauma In Kles Hospital A 1-Year Cross-Sectional Study, Shivanand B. Patil, Abhinav Biala, Amishi Khanna, Anju Meena

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Context:

People affected by eye injury often have to face loss of career opportunities, major lifestyle changes, and occasionally permanent disfigurement.

Aims:

(1) To find the prevalence of ocular trauma in patients attending our hospital. (2) To find the clinical profile of ocular trauma patients and the cause of trauma in them.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at KLE Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka.

Subjects and Methods:

The present 1-year study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, on 2308 trauma patients presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient department …

Expression Of P120-Catenin Expression In Oral Epithelial Dysplasia And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma An Immunohistochemical Study, Aishwarya Rajeev, Punnya V. Angadi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Objective:

Most oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are preceded by premalignant conditions that demonstrate histopathologically as epithelial dysplasia and their malignant potential of a lesion is mainly determined using various grading systems. Loss of p120 catenin (p120) or its phosphorylation destabilizes E-cadherin; thereby it regulates cadherin stability and turnover which could affect the cell adhesive and migratory capacity. Therefore, p120 is related to invasiveness and progression of various human epithelial many tumor types, including OSCCs.

Methodology:

The immunoexpression of p120 in 60 selected cases were grouped into; oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) (

n

= 40) and OSCC (

n

= …

Comparative Evaluation Of The Most Reliable Posterior Reference Point Of Camper′S Plane In Relation With Hamular Notch-Incisive Papilla Plane With Change In Gender Of Edentulous Subjects A Cephalometric Study, Kirandeep Kaur, Santosh Y. Nelogi, Raghunath Patil

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Statement of the Problem:

Camper's plane is widely used to orient occlusal plane in edentulous patients, but the most reliable posterior reference point of Camper's plane is controversial.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most reliable posterior reference point of Camper's plane in relation with hamular notch-incisive papilla (HIP) plane with change in gender of edentulous subjects.

Materials and Methods:

The study was performed on 20 males and 20 females in the age group of 50-65 years. The conventional method of primary and secondary impression making was followed. The deepest point of the right hamular notch …

Evaluation Of Anticonvulsant Activity Of Polyherbal Formulation Based On Ayurvedic Formulation, Arka Ghosh, Ashish Mishra, Ankit Seth, Santosh Kumar Maurya

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

The aim of the present study was to develop a polyherbal formulation for epilepsy. Present polyherbal formulation (PHF) (containing

Operculina turpethum

(L.) Silva Manso,

Mimosa pudica

L.,

Uraria picta

(Jacq.) DC.,

Cajanus cajan

(L.) Millsp, and

Lawsonia inermis

L.) is based on an ayurvedic formulation "

Brihad Panchagavya Ghrita

" indicated for epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:

To establish the scientific basis of mechanism, we examined the effects of methanolic extract of PHF (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on maximal electric shock (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and isoniazid (INH)-induced convulsions as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamate level in the brain …

Social Support Influencing Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors A Cross-Sectional Study In Udupi Taluk, Edison Khymdeit, P. Arathi Rao, Prakash Narayanan, Shreemathi Mayya

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

India is witnessing an increase in diabetic cases as peoples' lifestyle change. This rapid increase of cases has led to an increase in the healthcare burden of the country with a considerable financial strain occurring due to the cost spent on diabetes treatment annually. Proper management of diabetes is based on good self-management behaviors (diet control, physical activity, glucose monitoring, and adherence to medication). Globally, studies have indicated the link between self-management behaviors and social support. Proper self-management behaviors could be the key to reducing the healthcare burden arising due to diabetes.

Objective:

The objective of this study was …

Role Of, Bhrigu Kumar Das, Basavaraj C. Koti, Pramod C. Gadad

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the role of

Lycopersicon

esculentum

in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced and phenobarbital (PB)-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:

The hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in male Wistar albino rats by DEN (single injection, 200 mg/kg, i.p

.

); 2 weeks later, 0.05% w/v of PB was administered through drinking water for 16 weeks. The treatment group rats received a similar dosage as above along with enzymatic extract of

L.

esculentum

(250 mg/kg body weight p.o.) at 3

rd

week onward. The carcinogenesis was evaluated by estimating biochemical markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase …

Comparison Of Oral And Sublingual Piroxicam For Management Of Postoperative Pain After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery A Prospective, Randomized Study, Shruti Shashikant Phulgirkar, Lingaraj J. Balihallimath

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background and Objectives:

Surgical extraction of the third molars has been one of the widely performed procedures of all the minor oral surgical procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Inflammation is a critical part of the normal sequence of healing as well as is an important cause for postoperative sequelae. They include pain, restriction of mouth opening, and swelling which are a few reasons for discomfort to the patient. There are various measures for the management of these complications including administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This study was done to compare the clinical efficacy of oral and sublingual piroxicam in …

Microbiologic Spectrum And Susceptibility Pattern Of Urinary Isolates From Pediatric Patients In A Superspecialty Hospital A 3-Year Experience, Abha Sharma, Bibhabati Mishra, Vinita Dogra

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Introduction:

UTI causes significant child morbidity and mortality.

Enterobacteriaecae

are most common uropathogens. Recently

Enterococcus spp

, yeast and

Staphylococcus aureus

have emerged as paediatric uropathogens. Understanding of local susceptibility pattern guides antibiotic therapy in UTI. This study describes demographic and susceptibility profile of uropathogens in children.

Method:

The urinary isolates were analysed retrospectively and data on age, sex, result of urine culture, etiological agent and susceptibility pattern were obtained from laboratory record books.

Result:

315 urine samples analysed showed 34% significant bacteruria. Prevalence of UTI among male and female children was 62% and 37.9% respectively, statistically significant (

P …

An Overview On Sildenafil And Female Infertility, Jyoti M. Benni, Paragouda A. Patil

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Endometrial thickness (EM) is one of the strongest predictors of implantation rate and ongoing pregnancy success rate. The endometrial growth is dependent on the uterine blood flow and angiogenesis. Recently, some reports discussed the possible beneficial effects of sildenafil citrate on EM. Sildenafil citrate leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Because of these biological properties, it is a potential candidate for female infertility, especially in the management of thin endometrium, which leads to low implantation and pregnancy rates. An updated electronic search was performed through PUBMED, MEDLINE, and COCHRANE and focused on peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials, and observational cohort …

Need To Study Biostatistics In Medical Curriculum, Rajendra B. Nerli, Shridhar C. Ghagane

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Idiopathic Eosinophilic Ascites With Spontaneous Resolution, Mansoor C. Abdulla, Jemshad Alungal, R. Ashitha Menon

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Bathtub Concept In Health Sciences A Comment, Nidhi Dwivedi, Sandeep Sachdeva, Anika Sulania

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Bathtub shape has important connotations in public health and the concept could be reflected in two novel ways: (1) engineering (2) epidemiological model. Typical bath-tub curve is a combination of three failure rates, that is, decreasing, constant, and increasing failure rate, and different techniques are utilized to reduce these failures. This brief study highlights the concept of bath-tub, related theory, application, and how data modeling could be undertaken considering bath-tub failure rate.

Evidence-Based Medicine A Non-Starter In India?, Ravindra Bhaskar Ghooi, Shailesh Deshpande

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Introduction:

All patients have a right to the best treatment for the ailment that they suffer from, and the best treatment usually would be evidence based medicine (EBM).

Practice of EBM:

This is formulated considering the physician's personal experience, that of the peers and the patients' expectations. In our country EBM is conspicuous in its absence due to poor maintenance of patients' records, poor access to journals and non-involvement of patients in therapeutic decisions. Physicians in private practice are generally not trained to evaluate external experience, whatever is available. Badly designed diagnostic approach and poor quality of information on which …

Hypoglycemic Effect Of A Case Study, Rajkala S. Ramteke, Anup B. Thakar, Karishma Singh

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Diabetes is mounting at an alarming rate, all over the world. The International Diabetes Federation predicts that the number of people living with diabetes will to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030. In spite of all the advances in therapeutics, diabetes still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In such scenario, there is need of establish an alternative and effective therapy to control DM and prevent the complications. DM can be equated with …

Clinical Profile Of A Case Of Axonal Sensory Neuropathy An Ayurvedic Management, Vittal G. Huddar, Neha Sharma, Riteshkumar Lahoti

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

A 19-year-old female diagnosed as asymmetrical axonal sensory neuropathy by nerve conduction study, with the complaints of severe burning, sweating, and pricking type of pain in both the feet more in right foot, for 5 months attended the Kayachikitsa (General medicine) OPD. Based on clinical presentation, it was diagnosed as burning feet syndrome, a condition that causes severe burning and aching of the feet, hyperesthesia, and vasomotor changes of the feet that lead to excessive sweating. This condition occurs more frequently in women and usually manifests itself when a person is between 20 and 40-year-old. The pathophysiology of burning feet …

Levofloxacin-Induced Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption A Rare Case Report, Ranjana S. Kale, Bhalchandra N. Awari, Dipankar Chakraborty, Satish E. Bahekar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Drug-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions are very much common, especially with antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones are widely used antibiotics for different types of infective conditions. However, dermatological adverse drug reactions to this category of antibiotics are very rare but many times fatal. Bullous fixed drug eruption (FDE), being one of them, is very important to watch for. Here, we are reporting levofloxacin-induced bullous FDE in elderly hypertensive patient.

A Seven-Step Approach To Master The Practical Skills In Microbiology Among 2 A Randomized Control Trial, Sheetal U. Harakuni, Vijaya Dandannvar, Maheshwar D. Mallapur

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Context:

Undergraduate students are taught, basic procedures of microbiology such as Gram's-staining, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and focusing of the stained slide using light microscope. It is found that students mostly fail to perform right staining procedures and report a given slide.

Aims:

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of modified Peyton's seven step method to learn basic procedures of microbiology, in comparison to 'see one, do one' method, by a randomized control trial following McGaghie's Mastery learning model.

Subjects and Methods:

The study group of 45 students was taught by adopting Peyton's seven step method, the control group of 41 …