Digital Commons Network^™

Where Is The Justice? What We Don’T Know About Cyber Ethics, Jennifer Petrie-Wyman, Anthony Rodi, Richard Albert Mcconnell

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Innovation In Churches: A Theoretical Framework, David R. Dunaetz

Great Commission Research Journal

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the many changes in the present socio-cultural context point to the importance of innovation in churches. A theoretical framework for understanding innovation in churches is presented, featuring 6 key elements. These elements include the cultural context of the church and the church’s target audience, a culture of innovation within the church, innovations in church programs, processes, and personnel, social capital (social ties) which permits church members to navigate the changes associated with innovation, program loss (that which is lost when programs change), and progress toward the church’s goals. The church’s goals and the …

Complete Issue Fall 2021: Innovation In Churches, David R. Dunaetz

Great Commission Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Intelligence Sharing In Multinational Military Operations And Complicity Under International Law, Marko Milanovic

International Law Studies

This article examines the international legal framework applicable to intelligence sharing in multinational military operations, with a particular focus on complicity scenarios. It first provides a theoretical overview of the role of fault in complicity, of how intent and knowledge can be conceptualized, and of the attribution of fault to States. It then looks in detail at the rule codified in Article 16 of the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility, and argues that this rule is best understood as employing multiple modes of fault (direct and indirect intent and wilful blindness). The article also argues that international humanitarian …

Biden Administration U.S. Space Force Policy Literature, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Provides details on U.S. Space Force policy literature produced by the Biden Administration during its first eight months. Includes announcements that the Biden Administration will continue this new armed services branch begun during the Trump Administration. Features congressional testimony of Biden Administration officials such as Secretary of Defense Lloyd Wilson and Air Force Space Command leader General James Dickinson, the text of Space Force's 2021 Digital Force Vision document, congressionally approved FY 2022 space force budget figures, congressional committee comments and report requirements contained in emerging defense spending legislation, the emergence of collaboration between Space Force and universities such as …

Enhancing Environmental Protection In Relation To Armed Conflict: An Assessment Of The Ilc Draft Principles, Daniëlla Dam-De Jong, Britta Sjöstedt

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Chemical Warfare In Wwi: The Psychological Corrosion Of Soldiers Via Chemical Warfare And The 1925 Geneva Convention’S Involvement In Eradicating Future Gaseous Afflictions, Lakin Davis

West Virginia University Historical Review

The discourse surrounding mental health awareness has progressed throughout decades of research, stigma breaking, and connectedness; however, this trend of growth regarding mental illnesses was not as forgiving over a century ago, during and directly after the Great War. Natural elements of war alone caused tumultuous suffering for soldiers within the Triple Entente and the Central Powers. Yet, it was the man-made technologies of World War I that caused the deepest traumas, particularly the chemical variants created by Fritz Haber. By examining this history through a psychological lens, the British soldiers exposed to chemical warfare from Ypres to Verdun are …

Beyond A Border Conflict: Indigenous Involvement In The Mexican-American War, Riley Bowers

West Virginia University Historical Review

Settled squarely in the heartlands of many Indigenous Americans’ ancestral territories, the disputed area between the United States and Mexico fought over during the Mexican-American War is often solely conceptualized as the latter definition. The Indigenous peoples of these lands themselves are often just as ignored in the historical narrative of this period as are their ties to the lands. The research presented in this article aims to bring to light this often understudied part of the Mexican-American War, being Indigenous involvement in the war itself and the lasting effects that it had upon Indigenous groups. This article focuses on …

The Impact Of French Algeria’S Participation During The First And Second World Wars On The Algerian Nationalist Movement, Reide Prunty

West Virginia University Historical Review

The colonial relationship between France and French Algeria reached its boiling point during the Algerian War of Independence in 1954 after more than a century of French imperial subjugation. Before this pivotal year, French Algeria was required to support France through two total and primarily European wars. While Algerians believed that such a sacrifice for their imperial mother nation was cause for equality under French law, France was committed to the continued oppression of its colony. This essay argues that French Algeria’s contribution to the French war effort during the First and Second World Wars served as a catalyst to …

Front Matter

West Virginia University Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Complete Issue

West Virginia University Historical Review

No abstract provided.

The Lieber Code: A Historical Analysis Of The Context And Drafting Of General Orders No. 100, Alexander H. Mindrup

The Cardinal Edge

During the American Civil War, the United States changed in dramatic fashion. The national crisis of the Civil War encompassed all aspects of the United States. In 1862, a forward-thinking German American intellectual named Francis Lieber lobbied the Lincoln administration to update the United States laws of war. On April 24, 1863, President Lincoln issued General Orders No. 100 or “Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field.” General Orders No. 100, better known as the Lieber Code, modernized the United States laws of war. Not only that, but the Lieber Code traveled across …

Navigating The Space Between Us, Robert Gould

PDXOpen: Open Educational Resources

Navigating the Space Between Us - Finding Connection, while Embracing the Continua of Difference: A Dilemma Driven Conflict Analysis was developed as an upper division undergraduate textbook for a conflict resolution CR 310U Values and Ethics course (required for a PSU bachelor's degree in CR) and adaptable to a conflict resolution CR 513 graduate course (required for PSU master's degree in CR). Its intended audience are students from Portland State University enrolled in a ten week, quarter system, though it is adaptable for a semester length course. The chapters are combined with other readings on conflict resolution values and ethics. …

Beyond The Prediction Paradigm: Challenges For Ai In The Struggle Against Organized Crime, Paula Helm, Thilo Hagendorff

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

An Observation Of Binghamton's Armory, Jessica O'Keefe

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

This piece offers a history of the Armory in downtown Binghamton, NY based on fire insurance maps and the author's personal observations.

Warrior Mothers: Narratives Of Women From The United Liberation Front Of Assam (Ulfa), Munmi Pathak

Journal of International Women's Studies

The archetype of the mother is always perceived as ‘pacifist’ in war and conflict situations. However, there are numerous examples when mothers are not ‘pacifist’ but become participants and perpetrators of war. This article, through the analysis of the experiences of the mothers in the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), an armed nationalist organization waging war against the Indian nation-state to establish ‘sovereignty’ and ‘liberate’ Assam since1979, argues that mothers can also be warriors, going beyond their ‘pacifist’ archetype. With the analysis of the oral narratives of the women cadres of the organization, this article discusses how these mothers …

Deconstructing The Hailing Of “Mother India”, Nandini Gupta

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper focuses on the gendered discourse of nationalism by studying the iconography of “Mother India”. It will also examine the ways through which the representation of motherhood as national allegory creates a gendered meaning of nationalism. By tracing the historiography of “Mother India”, it will also highlight how men during the Indian nationalist period took the center stage as protectors while women were left behind as m(others) of a vulnerable nation that needs to be protected.

Challenges And Reflection On Next-Generation Large-Scale Computer Wargame System, Guangya Si, Yanzheng Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of the systematic, networked and intelligent characteristics of the future war, the major challenges of the new generation of large computer warfare system are proposed, and the next-generation large-scale computer wargame system is constructed. The key technologies of building a new generation of large computer warfare systems, such as intelligent war modeling, architecture integration, resource service management and human-computer interaction are researched.

Study On Next-Generation Strategic Wargame System, Wu Xi, Xianglin Meng, Jingyu Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Strategic wargame is an important support to the strategic decision. The research status and challenges of the strategic wargame are analyzed, and the influence of big data and artificial intelligence technology on the strategic wargame system is studied. The prospects and key technologies of the next-generation strategic wargame system are studied, including the construction of event association graph for strategic topics, generation of strategic decision sparse samples based on generative adversarial nets, gaming strategy learning of human-in-loop hybrid enhancement, and public opinion dissemination modeling technology based on social network. The development trend of the strategic wargame is proposed.

Wargaming Eco-System For Intelligence Growing, Wu Lin, Xiaofeng Hu, Jiuyang Tao, Xiaoyuan He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The construction of the next generation intelligent wargaming system can not be accomplished at one move, but through building an ecosystem to gradually grow intelligence. The basic concepts of the intelligent wargame ecosystem, and are defined the idea of dynamic openness, diversified levels and co-evolution are proposed. Drawing lessons from the human intelligence growing process and learning-evolution mechanism, the double helix model of the next generation of wargame cognitive intelligent evolution and growth is constructed. On the basis of the OLTA cycle, the wargame deduction ecosystem system framework is given. The application of the technologies, such as …

Mechanism Design For Entities' Passive Dimensional Sensing Interaction In Discrete Event Simulations, Yan Fei, Bin Gan, Zhaodi Chen, Wenjuan Ma, Luyao Li, Zhang Ke

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Dimensional sensing interaction mechanism is a method of computing the entities' visibility on the basis of the position and visible range, and informing when and where the entities can perceive each other. Entities' active computing on the relative position needs a lot of computation and is low efficiency, and slow down the simulation execution at last. The mechanism and framework of the passive dimensional sensing interaction, including the spatial grid models, discrete movement models, and passive sense models are researched. Dimensional sensing interaction manager is designed to realize the computation of entities' dimensional sensing interaction in discrete event-based battle …

Research On The Issues Of Next Generation Wargame System Model Engine, Yubo Tang, Bilong Shen, Shi Lei, Yi Xing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the more and more complex war systems, widely used artificial intelligence technology is needed to make up the human deficiencies in future wargame deduction, which is necessary for the next generation wargame system model engine. To address these challenges, a framework prototype of the next generation wargame model engine based on the experience of the long-term development and application is proposed. The decoupling method for the complexity of structure and computation is researched. The human-computer integration architecture on digital twinning technology is studied. Some new modeling techniques which the threshold of model development is reduced and the …

Abroad Wargaming Deduction And System Research, Zhanguang Cao, Tao Shuai, Xiaofeng Hu, Lülong He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Wargaming is an important auxiliary means of war deduction, scheme evaluation and operational analysis. Wargaming deduction system can support the research of operational problems, innovation of tactics and development of operational concepts. The development status of foreign computer wargaming system from the deduction method and system research is reviewed, and the online deduction the multi-level joint deduction, as well as the research status of multi-level wargaming fusion design, the multi system combination and auxiliary tool development are mainly introduced, which can providereference to the development and application of computer wargame system.

Africa Mountain Journal 1971–2015, Douglass Teschner

Appalachia

New England native Douglass Teschner reflects on four decades of mountain climbing he fit around his work for the Peace Corps and the United States Agency for International Development. He climbed in Morocco, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa, Mali, Mauritania, Botswana, and Guinea.

Computer Science Principles With C++, Seth D. Bergmann

Open Educational Resources

This textbook is intended to be used for a first course in computer science, such as the College Board’s Advanced Placement course known as AP Computer Science Principles (CSP). This book includes all the topics on the CSP exam, plus some additional topics. It takes a breadth-first approach, with an emphasis on the principles which form the foundation for hardware and software. No prior experience with programming should be required to use this book. This version of the book uses the C++ programming language.

The Elusive “Just Enough”: Re-Inventing Explosive Hazard Clearance Management In Iraq, Mark Wilkinson Ph.D.

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The Government of Iraq viewed rehabilitation of infrastructure contaminated with explosives during the conflict with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) as a prereqisite to socioeconomic recovery and political stability, which, in turn, established a need for the mine action community to deploy qualified, certified clearance teams as quickly as possible. While these teams could deploy quickly, their reliance on international staff and their associated costs attributable to security and other factors introduced a high overhead business model that became an accepted standard during a first clearance phase from 2015 to 2019, despite the understanding that this …

Embodied Critical Analysis: Exploring The Impact Of Systemic Oppression On Black, Public School Educators Through Supervisor Relationships, Myisha R. Rodrigues

Counseling and Psychology Dissertations

This critical qualitative dissertation aimed to highlight the experiences and amplify the voices of Black, public school educators in the Boston metro area. Grounded in critical race theory and further defined by trauma and organizational/systems theories, this study illuminated the historical foundation of education as well as the dehumanizing treatment and resilience of Black Americans. This illumination provided a socio-political context that shaped the development of institutional injustice as well as Black educator well-being. With a specific focus on Black educator experiences with supervisors in public schools, specified methodology allowed for most impactful practice leveraging creativity through artistic means.

Critical …

The Parthenon, September 15, 2021, Xena Bunton, Isabella Robinson, Madison Perdue, Abby Hanlon, Catherine Blankenship, Zach Hiser, Tyler Spence, Carter Truman, Tyler Kennett, Abby Ayes, Noah Hickman

The Parthenon

No abstract provided.

This Ain't Yo' Mama's Composition Class: Addressing Anti-Blackness By Implementing Anti-Racist Pedagogy, Sharanna B. Brown

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

Kyoko Kishimoto writes that those who practice anti-racist pedagogical practices are not only required to teach about race, but instead "teach about race and racism in a way that fosters critical analytical skills, which reveal the power relations behind racism and how race has been institutionalized in U.S. society to create and justify inequalities" (541). This is the work. And I have chosen to do it.

Steeped in anti-racist pedagogy “This Ain’t Yo’ Mama’s Composition Course” aims to explore the ways that writing classrooms can affirm students’ autonomy while simultaneously equipping them with skills that equate to “cultural capital.” Anti-racist …

Friends, Brothers, And Murderers: Georgia’S Propaganda War During The American Revolution, Daniel Zane Moore

History Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

Native Americans featured prominently in the letters and military communications of revolutionary Georgians. Georgians called them friends and brothers during treaty talks, “savages” in appeals to the Continental Congress, and honorable and virtuous people when discussing the Natives’ philosophical nature. Each name represented a specific purpose as the Georgians sought to invoke Native Americans in propaganda for the Whigs’ own advantage during the Revolutionary War. The double-talk that spilled forth created a confusing world in which Native Americans played both friend of liberty and “butcher” of innocent women and children in the minds of Georgia Whigs. Throughout the turbulent war …