Digital Commons Network^™

Variations In Extreme Wet Days During The Ond Rainy Season In Tanzania And Their Linkages To Atmospheric-Oceanic Anomalies, Philemon Henry, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Extreme rainfall remains one of the leading natural disasters in Tanzania, affecting the majority of citizens and the country’s economy. Understanding the seasonal patterns and associated atmospheric and oceanic anomalies could help mitigate their impacts. The current study investigates changes in seasonal extreme wettest days (EWDs) rainfall in Tanzania and the associated atmospheric and oceanic anomalies during October-December (OND), from 1981 to 2020. EWD is defined as days when daily rainfall meets or exceeds the 99^th percentile. Singular value decomposition (SVD), Mann-Kendall, t-test, and Pettitt test methods were applied in this study. The results indicate that approximately 2 EWD …

Sickle Cell Anemia And Its Impact On The Oral Cavity: Integrative Review, Fernanda Leal, Maria Inês Guimarães, Ambre Natbeth, Inês Lopes Cardoso

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia, a hereditary disease, results from a mutation in the β-globin coding gene that makes up hemoglobin, leading to the deformation of erythrocytes. Numerous oral manifestations result from this disease; however, some may not be specific.

Objectives: This study’s objective is to recognize these clinical manifestations of the disease to be able to manage oral health in sickle cell anemia patients.

Methods: this integrative review analyzes scientific literature on the impact of sickle cell anemia on oral cavity. A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL Plus (via EBSCO host), Web of Science …

Shu World Review- October 13th 2025, Diplolab

SHU World Review

No abstract provided.

Combatting Road Accidents And Fatalities : The Colonial State, Voluntary Organisations, And Road Safety In Northern Rhodesia, 1940s-1964, Mbozi Santebe

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) experienced an increase in the use of motor vehicles from the late 1920s. Consequently, there was a rapid increase in the occurrence of road accidents from the 1940s onwards. The rise in cases of accidents attracted attention of the colonial state and other stakeholders that embarked on measures to improve road safety. Using a corpus of archival sources, this article examines the measures that the colonial state and voluntary organisations undertook to improve road safety in Northern Rhodesia from the 1940s to 1964. It contributes to scholarly works on the use of motor vehicles in Africa …

Dynamics Of Infanticides Among The Ngoni Of Tanzania, 1850s-1916, Andrew S. Kasambala, Oswald J. Masebo

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Infanticide is one of the key factors in explaining changes in human populations since the antiquity. This paper examines dynamics of infanticide practices among the Ngoni of Tanzania from the late pre- colonial to the end of German colonial rule in 1916. Relying on primary and secondary sources, it argues that while infanticide remained a critical problem in Songea from the 19th century to the end of German colonialism in 1916, the context in which it was practiced and the interventions devised to alleviate it changed over time. While it was primarily practiced in Songea by pre-Ngoni communal based clans …

Criteria For Rejecting Ideas In African Philosophy : A Historical And Epistemological Analysis, Eric C. Mgalula

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

The rejection of African ideas remains a pivotal debate in African philosophy, centring on tensions between universalist epistemologies and culturally specific criteria. This study synthesizes fragmented discussions into a cohesive framework, interrogating when and why African ideas may be deemed inadequate. It critiques contemporary African scholarship that rigidly adheres to indigenous traditions under decolonial and nationalist imperatives, advocating instead for a balanced approach that harmonizes intellectual rigor with cultural authenticity. Through a historical analysis of key thinkers—from Tempels and Hountondji to Wiredu and Oyewumí—this article historicizes the evolution of evaluative criteria in African philosophy, challenging colonial legacies and romanticized traditionalism. …

Mediation Partiality And The East African Community’S ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ In The Kenyan Post-Election Crisis Of 2007/2008, Rasul A. Minja

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article examines the role of East African Community (EAC) in mediating the 2007/2008 Kenyan post-election crisis, analysing its engagement in regional conflict resolution. Despite its mandate to promote peace, the EAC's response was constrained by institutional weaknesses, political dynamics, and reliance on quiet diplomacy. The African Union-backed Panel of Eminent African Personalities, led by Kofi Annan, ultimately led the mediation, sidelining the EAC. Through the analysis of primary and secondary sources, the article indicates that EAC lacked a binding conflict management framework and faced decision-making delays that hindered swift intervention. The partiality of key figures, particularly President Yoweri Museveni …

Jonathan M Jackson, Visions For An African Valley: Histories Of Development In Kilombero, Tanzania Since 1877., Emanuel L. Mchome

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Research on the history of colonial development and future-making in Tanzania has focused on the racial and class politics that influenced development visions and practices. Studies of postcolonial development history have demonstrated how state leaders and their ideologies shaped nation-building trajectories. Notwithstanding of the temporal dynamics, scholars have analysed how the flow of finance and technical assistance reveals intertwined global forces such as nationalism and the Cold War, and how foreign development assistance shaped development in Tanzania. Visions for an African Valley moves beyond this conventional analysis. Instead of employing ideological lenses in analysis, it specifically examines how colonial and …

Beyond Christianity : German Missionaries’ Heritage In Colonial Mbeya, Tanzania, 1880s-1918, Ashura Jackson Ngoya, Edward Simon Mgaya

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article examines the history of German missionaries in the colonial Mbeya, a southwest region of Tanzania, from the 1880s to 1918. It explores how missionaries influenced political, social, and economic changes that had a profound impact on the lives of the local population. The article investigates the secular roles of missionaries, which, although they supported evangelisation, they were not directly non- secular aspects. In doing so, the article considers missionaries' efforts in education, health, agriculture, trade, and tax collection, which sometimes led to them working as colonial intermediaries in certain areas of Mbeya. Based on primary and secondary sources, …

Engineering Inefficiencies And Technical Dependency : A Vital Lens In Understanding Power Outages In Postcolonial Tanzania, 1960s-1990s, Emanuel L. Mchome

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article examines how the construction of power infrastructure in the 1960s-1980s shaped the future functioning of the Tanzanian power grid from the 1990s. The article is based on oral sources and archival material collected from the Swedish National Archives in Stockholm, the Tanzania National Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO), the East Africana Section of the Wilbert Chagula Library at University of Dar es Salaam, the Rufiji Basin Development Authority (RUBADA) and the World Bank online sources. The article argues that engineering inefficiencies of some Western planners and builders of TANESCO’s power grid who failed to consider local ecological issues …

The Performance Of Satellite-Based Precipitation Data To Reproduce Observed Precipitation In Tanzania's Little Ruaha Catchment, Florence H. Mahay

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Satellite-based precipitation datasets have emerged as promising tools for addressing rainfall data scarcity in regions with limited ground observations, such as Sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluates the performance of five satellite-based precipitation products CHIRPS, CPC, GPCC, MERRA-2, and ERA5 in capturing rainfall characteristics over the Little Ruaha Catchment in Tanzania. The assessment was carried out at daily, monthly, and seasonal timescales and focused on key rainfall indices including onset and cessation dates, length of the rainy season, total rainfall, and frequency of rainy days. Validation was conducted using statistical indicators such as the correlation coefficient (r), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root …

Control Of Ferroelectric And Dielectric Properties Of Undoped, Fe, And Nb-Doped Single-Crystalline (001) Oriented Pb (Zr0.5ti0.5) O3 Thin Films, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

While several factors that influence the properties of ferroelectric devices have been extensively studied in bulk ceramics and polycrystalline thin films, limited is known about the same on single crystalline thin films which have great potential in memory and energy applications. This knowledge gap is largely due to the limited availability of substrates with lattice parameters suitable for supporting high-quality epitaxial growth. In this study, undoped, Fe-doped, and Nb-doped (001)-oriented Pb(Zr₀.₅Ti₀.₅)O₃ thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition, each with a SrRuO₃ bottom electrode and a PrScO₃ substrate. The doping concentration used is 1% for both Fe and Nb. …

Maximum Likelihood Symbol Timing Algorithm Based On Cyclic Prefix For Ofdm Systems, Kwame S. Ibwe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

In this paper, a blind symbol synchronization algorithm is presented for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, and a timing function based on the redundancy of the cyclic prefix (CP) is introduced. The existing algorithms rely on the prior knowledge of the channel energy distribution i.e. channel power profile. In practical environment the channel power profile is unknown to the receiver and its statistics are expected to be highly changing. Nevertheless, the use of pilot symbols in channel profile estimation reduces efficiency as data subcarriers are used to carry pilots instead of payload. In this paper a timing function that accounts …

Condition Optimization For The Synthesis Of Castor Oil Templated Mesoporous Silica, Godlisten Namwel Shao

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The present work provides suitable conditions for the synthesis of mesoporous materials with improved porosity using an optimization technique. The proposed preparation method involves forming final products by varying the amount of castor oil, media, and template removal. The obtained samples were examined by TGA, XRD, DRIFT and nitrogen physisorption studies. It was observed that the porosity of the obtained samples was dependent on the conditions under which the materials were synthesized. All synthesized materials showed the Type IV adsorption-desorption isotherm features of mesoporous, regardless of the conditions utilized during the synthesis. The sample synthesized using 2.5 g of a …

Techno-Economic Analysis Of Hybrid Pv-Wind-Diesel Generator Swarm Grid For Rural Electrification In Tanzania, Ibrahim Mwammenywa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Remote, rural, and off-grid communities, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), face significant challenges in securing reliable and affordable electricity. While solutions such as solar home systems (SHSs) and diesel generators (DGs) have been adopted by some individuals, their deployment is often not optimized to meet the full load demand. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a hybrid swarm grid (HSG) design that integrates photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, and diesel generators (DGs). Utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and HOMER, the HSG is modeled and optimized for a typical SSA village, incorporating real-world variables such as load demand profiles, solar irradiance, and wind patterns. …

Adoption Of Agrivoltaics In Developing Countries: A Review On Challenges, Opportunities And Future Prospects, Abdi J. Athumani, Pater Makolo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper provides a review of agrivoltaics technology and how it has been applicable in developing countries, including African countries. Agrivoltaics, the integration of agricultural production with photovoltaic energy generation, offers promising solutions to water- energy-food nexus in developing countries. This technology offers the dual benefit of increasing agricultural productivity while generating clean energy, which is very important for regions facing frequent electricity shortages and declining agricultural yields due to climate change. However, despite its potential, the adoption of agrivoltaics in developing nations remains limited in comparison to developed countries due to financial, technical and policy constraints. This paper explores …

Cnn-Based Hybrid Model For Detecting Blight Diseases In Potato Crops With Advanced Image Processing Techniques, Farian S. Ishengoma

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Potato production plays a vital role in global agriculture as a major food source for large populations. However, potato crops are highly susceptible to diseases, particularly Early Blight and Late Blight, which result in substantial yield losses. Timely detection and effective control of these diseases are essential for maintaining stable crop output. This study explores the integration of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and advanced image processing techniques to differentiate between diseased and healthy potato plants accurately. Two datasets comprising original and enhanced images were used to train four CNN models: InceptionV3, Xception, Densenet201, and Resnet152V2. The original images underwent background …

Optimal Location And Sizing Of Facts Devices To Improve Voltage Profiles On A 132 Kv Mwanza-Musoma-Nyamongo Transmission Line, Peter Makolo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Recently, utility companies have desired to supply quality, stable and reliable power to customers, and ensure they meet the demand. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) dynamic compensator devices such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static VAr Compensator (SVC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) are an impeccable choice, however, cost is one of the limiting factors following these technologies. In addition, using FACTS devices in the system requires a detailed steady state, dynamic and optimisation analysis to effectively meet the purpose and ensure reduced cost. This paper proposes using an optimised FACTS device to improve voltage profile, power transfer, system …

Investigating The Harmonic Content Of A Pwm Inverter With Varying Modulation Index, Peter Makolo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Photovoltaic energy is a clean and endless vital renewable energy. In order to generate electricity from solar energy an inverter is required to transform the direct current into alternating current. Also, with the emerging of new ultra-high voltage direct current transmission technology, the rectification and inverters play a great role. Most three-phase two-level inverters draw harmonics that cause heat dissipation, waveform distortions hence affect the electrical loads. Knowing that Total Harmonic Distortion content of voltage source inverter is important and must be within the allowable range. Several schemes are suggested to mitigate the distortion in order to produce as much …

Open Distance Learning’S Transformative Potential To Bridge Educational Disparities While Fostering Inclusive Growth, Khalid Ghoulam

Higher Learning Research Communications

In recent years—during and after COVID-19—the demand for flexible and accessible education surged across the continent, prompting numerous institutions to adopt and expand their Open Distance Learning (ODL) initiatives. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of ODL programs in African universities while exploring the state of ODLs and examining institutional strategies, technological advancements, and ODL’s impact on student accessibility and success. Using case study analyses, which contain data from African universities from various regions, this paper highlights current ODL insights and future directions. This paper also discusses ODL best practices and implementation challenges, and delves into the socioeconomic and cultural …

October 2, 2025, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

The Rise Of E-Patients In Tanzania: Reflections On The Unregulated Growth Of Digital Health Consultations, Kahabi Isangula

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Digital technologies have significantly transformed healthcare delivery globally, enabling patients to access healthcare services through electronic and mobile platforms. In Tanzania, this transformation has manifested in the rise of “e-patients” — individuals who actively seek health advice, consultation, or treatment through unregulated digital platforms. This paper examines the drivers, patterns, and implications of this trend in Tanzania.

Methods: A descriptive approach was employed, synthesising peer-reviewed and grey literature from global and sub-Saharan African sources, with a particular focus on Tanzania. Insights were also drawn from expert discussions, public digital platforms, and the author’s experiential reflections to contextualize …

Quality & Patient Safety Gazette : Volume 4, Issue 3 - 2025, Quality & Patient Safety Department And Infection Prevention & Hospital Epidemiology

Quality and Patient Safety Archives

• Advancing Healthcare Excellence: Structured Journey to JCI Clinical Care Program Certification (CCPC)
• Sindh Healthcare Commission Monitoring Visit at AKUH Clifton Medical Services
• SafeCare Recertification Assessment of Four Off-Campus Hospitals, Pakistan
• Comprehensive Unit Based Safety Program (CUSP) Grand Round
• AKDN-HS Quality KPI Training Program Strengthens Alignment Across AKDN Health System
• JCI Patient Safety Pathways Grand Round-Pediatric Patient Safety I International Webinar
• International Webinar - Protecting our littlest Patients: Unmasking Pediatric Pain as a Safety Issue - Health Standards Organization
• Wed-Webinar Series 2025 JCI 8th Edition I Introductory Session
• Wed-Webinar | International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG)
• Wed-Webinar | Patient Centered Care (PCC) …

Unnoticed Early Pregnancy During Myomectomy With Favorable Outcome: Case Report, Ronak Mulji, Lusajo Mwagobele, Farhat Seif, Zainab Fidaali, Munawar Kaguta

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Introduction

Uterine fibroids are a common cause of infertility, and myomectomy remains a key surgical intervention to improve reproductive outcomes. However, the occurrence of an undetected pregnancy during myomectomy is rare and poses significant clinical risks.

Case Presentation

We report a 34-year-old woman, nulliparous with a history of secondary infertility and three first-trimester miscarriages. She had multiple fibroids and was managed for polycystic ovarian syndrome and hyperprolactinemia. Scheduled for abdominal myomectomy, the surgery proceeded uneventfully, with six fibroids removed and no breach of the endometrial cavity. Five weeks postoperatively, she presented with symptoms suggestive of early pregnancy. Ultrasound confirmed a …

Shaping Inclusive Futures: Gender-Responsive Practices In Pre-Primary Teacher Training Colleges In Tanzania And Uganda, Jane Rarieya, Nyagwegwe Wango, Tage Biswalo

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This paper examines the role of gender-responsive pedagogy in advancing inclusive pre-primary education through a qualitative case study of teacher training colleges in Uganda and Tanzania. Conducted under the Foundation for Learning (F4L) initiative, the study engaged tutors, student teachers, and administrators to explore how gender equity is integrated into teaching practices, institutional policies, and community engagement. Findings demonstrate that gender-responsive approaches were systematically embedded in lesson plans, classroom practices, and teaching resources, moving beyond rhetoric to tangible change. Student teachers demonstrated effective application of inclusive strategies during practicum, reflecting both conceptual understanding and practical competence. Colleges also adopted visual …

Assessing Community Engagement In The Standard Gauge Railway Project In Tanzania: A Case Study Of The Morogoro – Makutupora Segment, Chacha Timasi Nyakega, Oscar Whynijous Tefurukwa

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Governments play a critical role in engaging communities in decision-making processes directly affecting their daily lives. Such engagement influences the feasibility and success of project implementation. However, the degree of community engagement varies across different projects. This study examines community engagement and perceptions regarding the implementation of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project in Tanzania, focusing on Lot II, the Morogoro to Makutupora segment. The theoretical framework proposed by Fung guided the analysis. A qualitative approach was employed, with a sample of 30 respondents. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and analyzed using content analysis. Findings indicate that …

Foreign Aid, Economic Dependency, And Disaster Management: A Case Study Of Rural Kenya, Boris Valiance

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

No abstract provided.

The Late Father Rev. John Anthony Kaiser: “A Case For Justice”, Mbuthi Gathenji

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy And Lactation On The Development Of Infants Born To Tanzanian Women Living With Hiv: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Temiwunmi Shobanke, Alfa Muhihi, Nandita Perumal Phd, Nzovu Ulenga, Fadhlun M. Alwy Al-Beity, Christopher P. Duggan, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Karim P. Manji, Christopher R. Sudfeld

Faculty Publications

Background Infants born to pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality and may also have poorer developmental outcomes as compared with infants who are not exposed to HIV. Nutrition interventions in pregnancy may affect developmental outcomes.

Objectives This study evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on infant development outcomes.

Design We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of maternal vitamin D supplementation from June 2015 to October 2019.

Setting Antenatal care clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Participants Pregnant WLHIV and their offspring.

Interventions Daily 3000 IU …

The Shorthorn: April 18, 1979

The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1970s

No abstract provided.