Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 2251 - 2280 of 6160

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Assessment Of Biochemical Changes During Fermentation Process For Production Of Traditional Fermented Cassava Meal “Mchuchume”, Severino Alphonce, Lilian Kaale Jun 2020

Assessment Of Biochemical Changes During Fermentation Process For Production Of Traditional Fermented Cassava Meal “Mchuchume”, Severino Alphonce, Lilian Kaale

Tanzania Journal of Science

“Mchuchume” is a ready to eat fermented cassava food whose production is accomplished by a consortium of microorganisms, some of which may be probiotic in nature and others pathogens to humans and of no use in the fermenting system. This work made characterization of biochemical changes evolved at different times in local (open) and biotechnological (closed) fermentation methods. The study also assessed organoleptic properties of final products. Acidification was observed in the retting water as pH ranged from 6.32 to 4.25 and titratable acidity from 0.02% to 0.32%. A decrease in total reducing sugars (6.59 to 4.03 mg/g) in fermenting …

Go to article

The Geochemical Compositions And Origin Of Sand Dunes In The Olduvai Gorge–Eastern Serengeti Plains, Northern Tanzania, Dalaly Kafumu Jun 2020

The Geochemical Compositions And Origin Of Sand Dunes In The Olduvai Gorge–Eastern Serengeti Plains, Northern Tanzania, Dalaly Kafumu

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports the composition and origin of black sand dunes that occur in the eastern Serengeti plains near the Olduvai Gorge hominid site in Tanzania.  Grain size analysis reflected light microscopic examination, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis identified very fine to coarse sand fraction mineral grains of between 0.065 mm and 1 mm, composed of augite, fassaite and omphacite pyroxenes; garnet and sillimanite silicate mineral grains.  The pyroxene minerals (augite, omphacite and fassaite) constitute 95.4% by volume of the sand dunes. The other mineral grains are silicate minerals that include garnet and sillimanite, together form the remaining 4.6% …

Go to article

Monitoring Impervious Surface Area Dynamics To Assess Urbanisation Of A Catchment: Msimbazi River Valley Dar Es Salaam, 1989 - 2015, Befrina Igulu, Elisante Mshiu Jun 2020

Monitoring Impervious Surface Area Dynamics To Assess Urbanisation Of A Catchment: Msimbazi River Valley Dar Es Salaam, 1989 - 2015, Befrina Igulu, Elisante Mshiu

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work examined the effects of land use and cover change on the impervious surface as a measure of urbanisation together with its driving factors such as population growth and economic development. The spatial and temporal variations of the impervious surface area were extracted from the Landsat images of the years 1989, 1995, 2005, and 2015. Data analyses involved the selection of the endmember through Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Linear Spectral Mixed Analysis (LSMA) on the images. Four dominant land cover types were mapped as results, which are forest, non-forest vegetation, bare-land, and built-up area. The non-forest vegetation and …

Go to article

Geochronology Of Massif-Type Anorthosites From The Ubendian Belt, Tanzania, Nelson Boniface Jun 2020

Geochronology Of Massif-Type Anorthosites From The Ubendian Belt, Tanzania, Nelson Boniface

Tanzania Journal of Science

Massif-type anorthosites occur in East Africa at the margins of the Tanzania Craton in the Ubendian Belt. The massif assemblage constitutes of mafic-composition plutons (meta-anorthosite and meta-gabbro), ultramafic plutons, and titaniferous iron-ore. Silicic ortho-gneisses (tonalitic, dioritic, and granodioritic intrusives) also occur in the vicinity of the said massif-type anorthosites. This article presents ages of meta-anorthosites and meta-gabbros. The new U-Pb zircon age indicates that meta-gabbros and meta-anorthosites crystallized between 1915 ± 24 and 1905 ± 24 Ma concomitantly with the silicic magmatic bodies. Geochronological databases indicate that the period between 1920 and 1850 Ma HP-LT metamorphic interface was formed at …

Go to article

Analyses Of Land Cover Changes From 1981 To 2016 In Pande Game Reserve, Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo Jun 2020

Analyses Of Land Cover Changes From 1981 To 2016 In Pande Game Reserve, Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Pande Game Reserve is among the protected areas in the coast of Tanzania. The reserve is heavily degraded because of illegal anthropogenic disturbances. The patterns of land cover changes which occurred in the reserve between 1981 and 2016 were determined using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Five land cover types, namely woodland, bushland, grassland, natural forest and bare soils were detected. The base map of 1981 indicated natural forest covering 965 ha (63.2%) followed by bushland with an area of 462ha (30%), grassland covering 7% (100 ha) where the woodland and bare soils did not exist in the reserve.  The …

Go to article

Stabilizing Capability Of Gum Arabic On The Synthesis Of Poly(Styrene-Methylmethacrylate-Acrylic Acid) Latex For The Generation Of Colloidal Crystal Films, Ikhazuagbe Ifijen, Stanley Omorogbe, Muniratu Maliki, Ifeanyi Odiachi, Aireguamen Aigbodion, Esther Ikhuoria Jun 2020

Stabilizing Capability Of Gum Arabic On The Synthesis Of Poly(Styrene-Methylmethacrylate-Acrylic Acid) Latex For The Generation Of Colloidal Crystal Films, Ikhazuagbe Ifijen, Stanley Omorogbe, Muniratu Maliki, Ifeanyi Odiachi, Aireguamen Aigbodion, Esther Ikhuoria

Tanzania Journal of Science

This article describes the generation and characterization of colloidal crystals from particles of gum arabic (GA) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS) emulsified poly(styrene methylmethacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA) latex. The colloidal latex was synthesized using GA and SDBS as the emulsifying agents and then used to generate colloidal crystal films via the vertical deposition technique. Dynamic light scattering analysis placed the average particle diameter, polydispersity and Zeta potential at about 122 nm, 0.014 and –36.20 mV for the as-synthesized GA emulsified terpolymer latex and 213 nm, 0.006, –35.60 mV for the SDBS emulsified terpolymer latex, respectively. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry …

Go to article

Short Wavelength Infrared Spectral Characterization Of The Mineralogy Of Gokona And Nyabigena Andesite-Hosted Gold Deposits In North Mara, Tanzania, Emmanuel Kazimoto Jun 2020

Short Wavelength Infrared Spectral Characterization Of The Mineralogy Of Gokona And Nyabigena Andesite-Hosted Gold Deposits In North Mara, Tanzania, Emmanuel Kazimoto

Tanzania Journal of Science

The mineralogy of Gokona and Nyabigena gold deposits in Tanzania have been studied using Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) Spectrometry technique with an aim to fingerprint hydrothermal system responsible for the formation of the deposits and establish pertinent mineralogical signatures for gold deposition. Gokona and Nyabigena deposits are hosted in porphyritic andesite to basaltic andesite that contains plagioclase phenocrysts, pyroxene, hornblende and Fe-Ti oxides as primary minerals. Other minerals are actinolite, chlorite, epidote, albite and hematite, which indicate metamorphism of the rock under greenschist facies conditions. Hydrothermal alteration of the rock produced chlorite, sericite, carbonates (ankerite, siderite and calcite), pyrite and …

Go to article

1-D Transport Behaviour Of Emerging Contaminants In The Unidirectional Flowing Surface Waters Of The Msimbazi River, Hossein Miraji, Eunice Mureithi, Othman Othman, Faustin Ngassapa Jun 2020

1-D Transport Behaviour Of Emerging Contaminants In The Unidirectional Flowing Surface Waters Of The Msimbazi River, Hossein Miraji, Eunice Mureithi, Othman Othman, Faustin Ngassapa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The primary objectives of this investigation of environmental pollution were to assess spatio-temporal concentrations and predictions of transport behaviour of pollutants in aqueous media. In order to attain these goals for the Msimbazi river, the analytical and numerical solutions to the 1-D advection-dispersion equation (ADE) implemented the first-type inlet condition. The MATLAB software was used to solve the analytical equation resulting from the ADE equation. The solution to the ADE model enabled effective prediction of contaminants’spatial distribution within a distance of 200 m from a point source in the direction of flowing water. Among the first and third-types inlet conditions, …

Go to article

Device–To-Device Association Algorithm For Optimal Neighbour Selection And Channel Sharing In 5g Cellular Networks, Chiza Christophe, Omar Hamad, Libe Massawe, Abdi Abdalla Jun 2020

Device–To-Device Association Algorithm For Optimal Neighbour Selection And Channel Sharing In 5g Cellular Networks, Chiza Christophe, Omar Hamad, Libe Massawe, Abdi Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Science

The integration of device-to-device (D2D) communication in 5G cellular networks has generated the possibility of multiple transmission modes in a single cell. This has motivated scholars to investigate different mode selection and D2D association algorithms that guarantee the selection of proper transmission mode. However, the complexity of algorithms and tractability of devices in the cell are still remarkably challenging. This paper, therefore, presents a utility based D2D association algorithm that ensures optimal neighbour selection by using numerical linear algebra to minimize computational complexity. Simulation results show that the minimum utility based D2D association increases the expected values of attached devices …

Go to article

The Effects Of Milk Components On Lactoperoxidase Activity, Leonard Fweja, Michael Lewis, Alistair Grandison Jun 2020

The Effects Of Milk Components On Lactoperoxidase Activity, Leonard Fweja, Michael Lewis, Alistair Grandison

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examined the effects of storage conditions (in particular temperature and media composition) and changes in composition of each milk fraction, and of individual components on lactoperoxidase (LP) activity. The enzyme demonstrated a pulsing characteristic especially in samples stored at 5 °C, however, temperature and media composition did not have great effects on the pulsing behaviour of the enzyme. The results also indicated small but statistically significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) in LP activity between whole milk (control) and acid whey, rennet whey and cream and non-significant variations (P > 0.05) between the control and skimmed milk, and between skimmed …

Go to article

Comparison Of Experimental And Monte Carlo Simulation Of Angular Distributions Of Bremsstrahlung Photons From 28-Ghz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (Ecr) Ion Source, Mwingereza Kumwenda Jun 2020

Comparison Of Experimental And Monte Carlo Simulation Of Angular Distributions Of Bremsstrahlung Photons From 28-Ghz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (Ecr) Ion Source, Mwingereza Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Science

Angular distributions of deceleration radiation or bremsstrahlung in German, both experimental and simulated from Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) are not well understood so far. The bremsstrahlung photons of the angular distributions from 28-GHz ECR ion source at Busan Centre of Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) were measured in nine azimuthal angles for the first time. Three round type NaI(Tl) detectors were used to measure the angular distributions of the bremsstrahlung photons emitted at the extraction side of the ECRIS at the same time. Another NaI(Tl) detector was placed downstream from the ECR ion source for monitoring photon intensity. …

Go to article

Evidence For A Record Of Possible Paleo-Tsunami Or Storm Deposits In The Fluviatile Neoproterozoic Malagarasi Supergroup Of North-Western Tanzania, Charles Kasanzu, Shukrani Manya Jun 2020

Evidence For A Record Of Possible Paleo-Tsunami Or Storm Deposits In The Fluviatile Neoproterozoic Malagarasi Supergroup Of North-Western Tanzania, Charles Kasanzu, Shukrani Manya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Two different localities within the fluviatile Neoproterozoic Malagarasi Supergroup of north-western Tanzania show striking evidence for tsunami related clastic sedimentary deposits. In each locality, the outcrops are characterised by the association of fine grained, thinly laminated shales at the bottom that are overlain by thick deposits of sandstones and conglomerates whose clasts and pebbles vary in size and angularity/roundness. In each case, the two rock units are separated by an erosional surface. The basal shale layers are consistent with deposition in deep shelf environments which are in stark contrast to the immediately overlying conglomerates/sandstones that suggest reworking under high energy …

Go to article

Preparation And Characterization Of Zns Thin Films Grown By Spin Coating Technique, Oluwatoyin Osanyinlusi Jun 2020

Preparation And Characterization Of Zns Thin Films Grown By Spin Coating Technique, Oluwatoyin Osanyinlusi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Spin coating technique was used to deposit zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films successfully onto glass substrates and the effects of the number of spin times on the optical properties investigated. The morphology and structures of the prepared thin films were also confirmed. X-ray diffraction confirmed that spin coated ZnS films exhibited cubic structure, where reflections from (111), (220) and (311) are clearly visible with a preferential orientation along (111) plane. The calculated crystallite size for 1S sample from the XRD data is 8.8 nm. From the optical studies, the thin films exhibit good optical properties with relatively high transmittance (81 …

Go to article

Current Epidemiological Assessment Of Plasmodium Falciparum And Helminth Co-Infections In Children After A Decade Of Implementation Of Control Programs In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Christopher Kisiringyo, Winifrida Kidima Jun 2020

Current Epidemiological Assessment Of Plasmodium Falciparum And Helminth Co-Infections In Children After A Decade Of Implementation Of Control Programs In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Christopher Kisiringyo, Winifrida Kidima

Tanzania Journal of Science

A school based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2018 to assess the burden of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma and soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in Mvomero. A total of 374 children (age range =  5–16 years, mean age = 11.3 years) were recruited from five primary schools. Prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum infections were 29.9%, S. haematobium 49.7%, hookworm 20.3%, Ascaris lumbricoides 12.6%, Taenia saginata 0.5% and S. mansoni 0.3%. Malaria parasite density increased with increasing children age (r = 0.99). Only 6.5% (12/186) of S. haematobium infected children were presented with heavy infections, whereas all STH-positive …

Go to article

Soil-Plant Nutrient Cycling In Old Cocoa Farms In A Part Of South Western Nigerian Forest Belt, Olusola Afolayan Jun 2020

Soil-Plant Nutrient Cycling In Old Cocoa Farms In A Part Of South Western Nigerian Forest Belt, Olusola Afolayan

Tanzania Journal of Science

Apart from pests and diseases, a vital issue in the early mature of cocoa crop in Nigeria is soil nutrient degradation in relation to the ageing of the farms and annual mining of nutrients via yield harvests. Indigenous production of cocoa in southwest Nigeria has been on without fertilizer applications. This is the basis for the reduction average lifespan and productive years of the plantation. The aim of this study was to quantify the rates of soil nutrient losses via cycling channels in old cocoa farm using cocoa beans, leaves, litters, and pod husks in south western Nigeria forest belt. …

Go to article

Structural, Mineralogical And Quantitative Characterizations Of Compositions Of Products Linked To Explosive Volcanic Eruption At Haleakala, Usa, Aderemi Alabi, Ibukun Akinsola, Saminu Olatunji, Comfort Ogunyinka1, Oluwatoyin Osanyinlusi Jun 2020

Structural, Mineralogical And Quantitative Characterizations Of Compositions Of Products Linked To Explosive Volcanic Eruption At Haleakala, Usa, Aderemi Alabi, Ibukun Akinsola, Saminu Olatunji, Comfort Ogunyinka1, Oluwatoyin Osanyinlusi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This research focused the analysis vis-à-vis structural, mineralogical and quantitative characterizations of the samples which appeared to be formed from leftover of volcanic eruption sourced from basaltic magma obtained from Haleakala Hill, USA. The results show the presence of natural minerals like pyrolusite, zincite, magnetite, quartz, and diopside with their compositional concentrations in the samples. The geophysical analysis done corroborates the results obtained from the Scanning Electron Micrograph, which confirms the porosity of one of the samples. The X-Ray Diffraction results reveal the average grain sizes of the samples to range between 16 nm and 25 nm. Sample 'A' showed …

Go to article

Simulated Annealing Algorithm For The Linear Ordering Problem: The Case Of Tanzania Input Output Tables, Allen Mushi Jun 2020

Simulated Annealing Algorithm For The Linear Ordering Problem: The Case Of Tanzania Input Output Tables, Allen Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Linear Ordering is a problem of ordering the rows and columns of a matrix such that the sum of the upper triangle values is as large as possible. The problem has many applications including aggregation of individual preferences, weighted ancestry relationships and triangulation of input-output tables in economics. As a result, many researchers have been working on the problem which is known to be NP-hard. Consequently, heuristic algorithms have been developed and implemented on benchmark data or specific real-world applications. Simulated Annealing has seldom been used for this problem. Furthermore, only one attempt has been done on the Tanzanian input …

Go to article

Influence Of Deposition Temperature On Properties Of Multilayered Gallium Doped Zinc Oxide Films Prepared By Dc Magnetron Sputtering Technique, Elisante Maloda, Anayesu Malisa Jun 2020

Influence Of Deposition Temperature On Properties Of Multilayered Gallium Doped Zinc Oxide Films Prepared By Dc Magnetron Sputtering Technique, Elisante Maloda, Anayesu Malisa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Multilayered transparent conducting films based on ZnO: Ga were deposited onto glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering technique. The films were prepared from alloy (Zn: Ga) and ceramic (ZnO: Ga) targets with gallium composition of 3 at% and 4 at%, respectively. Crystal structure and phase analysis were measured using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The XRD structural analysis results indicated that all multilayered films were polycrystalline with (002) orientation slightly shifted of diffracting angles due to gallium dopant concentrations as increase in the deposition temperatures. The films were hexagonal wurtzite structure, having preferred growth orientation in c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. …

Go to article

Effects Of 15 Local Medicinal Plant Species On Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b And Dipeptidyl Peptidase 1v Activity As Herbal Antidiabetic Type 2 Remedies, Pamhidzai Dzomba, Chidavayenzi Tinevimbo Jun 2020

Effects Of 15 Local Medicinal Plant Species On Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b And Dipeptidyl Peptidase 1v Activity As Herbal Antidiabetic Type 2 Remedies, Pamhidzai Dzomba, Chidavayenzi Tinevimbo

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study aimed at investigating plant species that are used locally in Zimbabwe to manage diabetes type 2 and their respective modes of action using in vitro studies. The plants for this study were identified by ethnobotanical studies and their respective antidiabetic potentials were evaluated using protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition assays. Out of the 15 plant species used to manage diabetes in traditional practices, 9 inhibited PTP 1B with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.03 ± 0.00 to 61.31 ± 0.70 µg/mL. The mechanism of inhibition deduced from Lineweaver-Burk …

Go to article

A Nexus Between Carbon Emissions And Land Surface Temperature In The Six Ecological Zones Of Nigeria, Folasade Oderinde Jun 2020

A Nexus Between Carbon Emissions And Land Surface Temperature In The Six Ecological Zones Of Nigeria, Folasade Oderinde

Tanzania Journal of Science

The increase in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has been identified as a driving cause of global climate change which is a threat to the normal functioning of human and natural systems. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the emissions of CO2 and land surface temperature (LST) in the six ecological zones of Nigeria. High resolution satellite imageries of land surface temperature and carbon were downloaded from the website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) between January 2002 and December 2012 and were utilized for the study. The data were processed using Arc …

Go to article

Sedimentology And Paleocurrent Study Of The Early Triassic Rocks In The Ruhuhu Basin, Sw Tanzania, Audax Kiwango, Diwakar Mishra Jun 2020

Sedimentology And Paleocurrent Study Of The Early Triassic Rocks In The Ruhuhu Basin, Sw Tanzania, Audax Kiwango, Diwakar Mishra

Tanzania Journal of Science

The sedimentary succession ranging in age from Permian to Early Triassic in Ruhuhu basin was subdivided into eight informal lithostratigraphic units, identified by the symbols from K1 to K8. Manda Formation (K8) belongs to Early Triassic age and comprises two Members, i.e., Lower Kingori Member and Upper Lifua Member (150-200 m thickness). The implications of present study relate to inter and intra basinal correlations which may provide regional depositional framework from a mass of local details. Present investigation connoting the lithofacies studies in conjunction with palaeocurrent and grain size analysis of the early Triassic strata aims at interpreting the depositional …

Go to article

Occurrence Of Aflatoxins In Maize And Maize Products From Selected Locations Of Tanzania And The Effects Of Cooking Preparation Processes On Toxin Levels, Macarius Mtega, Clarence Mgina, Eliangiringa Kaale, Kessy Kilulya Jun 2020

Occurrence Of Aflatoxins In Maize And Maize Products From Selected Locations Of Tanzania And The Effects Of Cooking Preparation Processes On Toxin Levels, Macarius Mtega, Clarence Mgina, Eliangiringa Kaale, Kessy Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The production and storage of food crops in different countries is affected by aflatoxins contamination, which are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to human beings and domestic animals. This study investigated on the occurrence of aflatoxins in maize products and the effects of cooking preparation processes on their concentrations. The maize samples were collected from fields, farmers' stores and markets of selected locations in Tanzania (i.e., Kongwa and Njombe districts). Extracted samples were analyzed for aflatoxins using high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of aflatoxins in maize and maize products ranged from below detection limit to 9.99 ± 1.43 …

Go to article

Extraction, Derivatization, Characterization And Antifungal Investigation Of Limonene From Citrus Sinensis Peels, Ita Uwidia, Bodunde Owolabi, Richard Okafor Jun 2020

Extraction, Derivatization, Characterization And Antifungal Investigation Of Limonene From Citrus Sinensis Peels, Ita Uwidia, Bodunde Owolabi, Richard Okafor

Tanzania Journal of Science

Limonene, a cyclic monoterpene is the main component in citrus oils. Oranges (Citrus sinensis) were sourced from a local market, peeled and the peels collected for this study. The orange peels were distilled using steam distillation to obtain the oil. The oil obtained was then distilled to obtain a pure colourless form of limonene (95%). The limonene (2 ml) was dissolved in dry chloroform (25 ml) and freshly distilled hydroiodic acid (57%; boiling point 127 °C) to give the derivative iodo-limonene (1.4 g; 30% yield). Another reaction of epoxidation of limonene was carried out by reacting limonene with hydrogen peroxide …

Go to article

Comparison Of Prescribed From Delivered Dose To Cancer Of Cervix Patients Treated By Theratron Equinox 80 Cm Source-To-Axis Distance (Sad) Technique At Ocean Road Cancer Institute In Tanzania, Khamis Amour, Khamza Maunda, Najat K. Mohammed, Peane Maleka, Peter Msaki Jun 2020

Comparison Of Prescribed From Delivered Dose To Cancer Of Cervix Patients Treated By Theratron Equinox 80 Cm Source-To-Axis Distance (Sad) Technique At Ocean Road Cancer Institute In Tanzania, Khamis Amour, Khamza Maunda, Najat K. Mohammed, Peane Maleka, Peter Msaki

Tanzania Journal of Science

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate deviations between prescribed from delivered dose for cervical cancer patients treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute using Equinox 80 Tele-cobalt machine. In this work, anterior-posterior (AP) and posterior-anterior (PA) fields using Source-to-Axis Distance (SAD) technique was used. Measurements of entrance doses were taken using calibrated diode detector in three groups of patients. In group 1, only 15 patients out of 31 curative intent patients received doses lower than ± 5% of 2 Gy as compared to the prescribed dose. In group 2, 1 measurement was done for 9 patients who …

Go to article

Assessment Of The Geochemical Characteristics Of Water And Surface Sediments Of Rufiji Mangrove Forest, Tanzania, Dativa Shilla, Daniel Shilla Jun 2020

Assessment Of The Geochemical Characteristics Of Water And Surface Sediments Of Rufiji Mangrove Forest, Tanzania, Dativa Shilla, Daniel Shilla

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was carried out to investigate the geochemical characteristics of the Rufiji mangrove systems using mineralogy and heavy metal analyses. Rufiji mangrove sediments showed predominance of fine grain size fractions with silt as the major component. Stoichiometric ratios of nutrients revealed phosphorus enrichment in Rufiji sediment. The overall order of heavy metal concentrations in sediments was: Fe > Mg > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > Co > Cd. There was no relationship between grain size and some of the heavy metal concentrations, except for Co, Cr, Fe, and Mg which negatively correlated with sand, and positively correlated with silt. The findings …

Go to article

Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Garcinia Kola And Buchholzia Coriacea Seeds, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Moshood Olorunkemi, Musa Busari, Rabiat Hamzah, Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke Jun 2020

Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Garcinia Kola And Buchholzia Coriacea Seeds, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Moshood Olorunkemi, Musa Busari, Rabiat Hamzah, Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke

Tanzania Journal of Science

Comparative in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola and Buchholzia coriacea seeds were carried out using 2, 2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Total phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids constituents of the samples were also determined. G. kola seeds contained higher concentrations of secondary metabolites compared to B. coriacea seeds except flavonoids. Both G. kola and B. coriacea exhibited minimum percentage inhibition when compared with the gallic acid. However, B. coriacea exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage DPPH scarvenging activities (44.66%) when compared with G. kola (43.62%) at maximum concentration of 100 µg/mL. G. kola on the other hand, showed higher percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation when compared with B. coriacea at all tested concentrations. Percentage FRAP by B. coriacea was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than G. kola at 100 µg/mL (46.65%, and 38.35%, respectively) and 50 µg/mL (38.75%, and 46.05%, respectively), while lower percentage FRAP of the G. kola than B. coriacea were recorded at 25 µg/mL (24.26% and 38.24%, respectively) and 12.5 µg/mL (34.41% and 37.41%, respectively). Therefore, Garcinia kola and B. coriacea showed appreciable antioxidant activities at varying concentrations and this may be due to the presence of various phenolic compounds in both samples Keywords:    Buchholzia coriacea; Garcinia kola; Antioxidant; DPPH free radicals; Secondary metabolites.

Go to article

Variability Of Selected Mineral Contents In Marine Fish From Local Markets In Tanzania, Stella Shija, Matobola Mihale, Daniel Shilla Jun 2020

Variability Of Selected Mineral Contents In Marine Fish From Local Markets In Tanzania, Stella Shija, Matobola Mihale, Daniel Shilla

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mineral contents (K, Na, Ca and Mg) in selected marine fish species (Alectis ciliaris, Lethrinus harak, Rastrelliger kanagurta and Siganus canaliculatus) from local fish markets were analysed in wet and dry seasons. The processing methods (frying and boiling) were also assessed for their influence on the mineral contents. Samples were randomly collected from Tanga, Bagamoyo, Dar es Salaam and Mtwara seaports, analysed using established methods and determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Mean mineral contents in individual and all analysed fish species were high during dry season compared to wet season except Ca and the difference was statistically significant …

Go to article

Geochemical Characteristics Of Soil In Relation To Occurrence Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Epns) In Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, Mohammed Rufai, Abidat Shittu, Monsuru Adeleke Jun 2020

Geochemical Characteristics Of Soil In Relation To Occurrence Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Epns) In Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, Mohammed Rufai, Abidat Shittu, Monsuru Adeleke

Tanzania Journal of Science

The occurrence and abundance of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) vary across locations, and this has been attributed to many factors including soil physico-chemical properties. This study examined the influence of selected soil chemicals on the occurrence of EPNs under different cultivated lands in Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria. EPNs were isolated from 23.33% of the soil samples in selected sites using decantation and centrifugation method and nematodes observed under standard microscopy were identified based on morphological analysis of infective juveniles (IJs). This study has revealed the presence of nematodes of the families Steinernema and Heterorhabditis in the sampled soils. Soil chemical properties, …

Go to article

Variations Of Concentrations Of Lead, Zinc, Iron, Copper And Cadmium In Urine Of Primary School Pupils In Relation To Age, Sex And Academic Performance, John Mahugija, Zainab Kasenya, Kessy Kilulya Jun 2020

Variations Of Concentrations Of Lead, Zinc, Iron, Copper And Cadmium In Urine Of Primary School Pupils In Relation To Age, Sex And Academic Performance, John Mahugija, Zainab Kasenya, Kessy Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was conducted in order to assess the variations and correlations in the concentrations of lead, zinc, iron, copper and cadmium metals in the urine samples of selected primary school pupils with respect to their sex, age and academic performance. Urine samples were collected from 240 pupils in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and then digested in concentrated acids and analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Lead, zinc, iron and copper were detected in most of the urine samples. Cadmium was not detected in any of the samples. The mean concentrations of lead, zinc, iron and copper in the samples …

Go to article

Effects Of Onion Juice And Moringa Oleifera Leaf Juice On The Shelf Life Of Sugarcane Juice, Joshua Boniface, Lilian Kaale, Hildelitha Msita, Leonard Rweyemamu Jun 2020

Effects Of Onion Juice And Moringa Oleifera Leaf Juice On The Shelf Life Of Sugarcane Juice, Joshua Boniface, Lilian Kaale, Hildelitha Msita, Leonard Rweyemamu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Effects of onion juice and Moringa oleifera leaf juice on the shelf life of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivar R579 juice were studied. R579 sugarcane cultivar was selected based on its juice yield (1500 ml/2.5 kg) compared to Saccharum officinarum cultivars R570 (1000 ml/2.5 kg), Bungara (1200 ml/2.5 kg) and Galagaza (800 ml/2.5 kg). The concentrations for onion and Moringa oleifera leaf juice were chosen based on recommended dietary allowance (RDA) where design expert software was used to establish the ratios. There was a significant growth of microbes in non-pasteurized sugarcane juice and stored at room temperature. The yeast/mould and Leuconostoc …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last