Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring Teachers’ Use Of Oral Questioning In Enhancing Oral Communication Skills. The Case Of One Secondary School In Sumbawanga Municipality, Tanzania, Michael Joachim Nyandwi

Master of Education

This study investigated the teachers' use of oral questioning practices, and challenges in developing oral communication skills (OCS) among secondary school students in Sumbawanga Municipality. A qualitative approach was used to explore the use of oral questioning practices in enhancing OCS.  A case study design was employed to focus on one secondary school. A purposive sampling technique was used to obtain one experienced English teacher, and nine students from one class as they had been using Kiswahili in primary school as a medium of instruction, and when the study was conducted, they were in their first year of secondary education …

Teachers’ Perception On The Use Of Play To Develop Children's Literacy In Pre-Primary Education In Tanzania., Kessia Kiwia

Master of Education

This study delves into challenges and opportunities in integrating play-based learning in Temeke, Tanzania's pre-primary classrooms. Despite national policies endorsing play-based early childhood education, translating these policies into effective practices encounters substantial barriers.

Semi-structured interviews with six Temeke public school pre-primary teachers unveil the complex landscape they navigate. Barriers include limited resources, inadequate training, time constraints, academic pressures, cultural dismissal of play, and overcrowded classrooms. These hinder play-based learning's effective implementation, impacting its developmental benefits for young learners.

Insufficient resources limit access to conducive play-based education materials and spaces. Teachers need enhanced play pedagogy training. Time constraints and academic pressures …

Harnessing The Power Of Social Media: Opportunities For Learning And Professional Development Among Educational Leaders, George Nyaboga Nyarieko, Wachira Nicholas

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This study investigates the benefits of integrating the social media platform specifically WhatsApp into an educational leadership development program in Kenya. Focusing on a cohort of participants in the blended-learning Diploma in Educational Leadership Management (DELM) program, which combines face-to-face, Zoom-enabled online classes, self-paced modules and Moodle assessments, the research explores the value that WhatsApp can add to facilitate peer collaboration and resource approach, sharing. including A the mixed-methods Design-Based Implementation Research (DBIR) design, was employed to comprehensively understand the factors influencing educational leaders' engagement within the platform. The study first assessed participants' current level of digital skills through pre-intervention …

Manual Qualitative Data Coding Using Ms Word For Students And Early Career Researchers In Resource-Constrained Settings, Kahabi Isangula, Susan Kelly, Joyce Wamoyi

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

In recent years, the field of qualitative data collection, management, and analysis has undergone significant evolution, with researchers worldwide increasingly leveraging technological advancements to streamline and simplify their practices. Despite the advantages of using qualitative data coding software, several challenges persist, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Issues such as the high cost of software licenses, the time required to learn and use these tools, and the complexity of advanced features often hinder researchers, especially students and early career researchers in low-income contexts, and contribute to the generation of poor-quality research evidence. This paper aims to provide a simplified, step-by-step guide to …

A Qualitative Exploration Of Nurses’ And Midwives’ Experiences In Designated Covid-19 Healthcare Facilities In Rural And Urban Tanzania, Kahabi Isangula, Lucy Kisaka, Loveluck Mwasha

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background:

Frontline healthcare providers, particularly nurses and midwives, are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection due to frequent patient contact. However, studies examining their experiences, particularly in low-income countries like Tanzania, are limited.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses and midwives providing care in COVID-19-designated healthcare facilities in selected regions of Tanzania.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive approach was used to investigate the experiences of nurses and midwives in COVID-19 care. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 purposefully selected participants from Dar es Salaam, Shinyanga, and Pwani regions. Data were coded with NVivo 12 software and analyzed …

Hpv Vaccination In Africa In The Covid-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Healthcare Providers' Knowledge, Training, And Recommendation Practices, Joel Fokom Domgue, Issimouha Dille, Sharon Kapambwe, Robert Yu, Freddy Gnangnon, Lameck Chinula, Gad Murenzi, Nomonde Mbatani, Mala Pande, Fatoumata Sidibe, Joseph Kamgno, Bangaly Traore, Hicham El Fazazi, Mamadou Diop, Pierre-Marie Tebeu, Mohenou Isidore Diomande, Fabrice Lecuru, Isaac Adewole, Marie Plante, Partha Basu, Jean-Marie Dangou, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Although the burden of cervical cancer in Africa is highest, HPV vaccination coverage remains alarmingly low in this region. Providers' knowledge and recommendation are key drivers of HPV vaccination uptake. Yet, evidence about providers' knowledge and recommendation practices about the HPV vaccine against a backdrop of emerging vaccine hesitancy fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking in Africa.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 among healthcare providers involved in cervical cancer prevention activities in Africa. They were invited to report prior training, the availability of the HPV vaccine in their practice, whether they recommended the HPV vaccine, …

Aku Libraries Annual Report - 2024, Office Of The University Librarian

Office of the University Librarian Reports

- Message by Peter Gatiti Associate Vice Provost & University Librarian

- Celebrating AKU Scholars

- AKU Author’s Day – 2024

- ISMC – London UK Writing People's Histories

- Author’s Day – Other events in Karachi

- Psychoanalytic Sociology: A New Theory of the Social Bond

- Secret Santa Book Exchange!

- IED’s Baatein Kitab Ki – In conversation with Senator (r) Javed Jabbar

- Conversation with Dr. Iftikhar Salahuddin

- Recent Best Practices in Publishing

- Library news from around our Campuses

- RFID Technology in AKU Libraries

- Information Literacy

- Conferences & Workshops

- Book Launches …

Institute For Global Health And Development : Annual 2024, Institute For Global Health And Development

IGHD Newsletters

• Message From The Director
• Workshops & Conferences
• Climate Change, Agriculture, Human Nutrition & Development in Pakistan
• What Works Climate Solutions Summit, Berlin
• IGNIT3 Consultative Workshop on Nutrition for Health Professionals
• Climate Change and Health Symposium
• Collaborating For Change
• IGHD Hosts Workshop on Research Concepts & Basic Methodology
• SDSN Pakistan Leadership Council Meeting – 2024
• AKDN Technical Working Group (TWG) Meeting 2024
• Projects In the Spotlight
• Shining Light On Achievement
• Education And Capacity Building
• Team Building Activities
• Research Insights

The Kidney In Heart Failure: The Role Of Venous Congestion, Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu, Chen-Chih Chung, Thomas R Pisanic, Alexander T H Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and resistance to therapies.

OBJECTIVE: This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between CSCs and the cell-of-origin in diverse cancer types.

DESIGN: Comprehensive review of thematically-relevant literature.

METHODS: We explore the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the conversion of normal cells into CSCs and the impact of the cell-of-origin on CSC properties, tumor initiation, and therapeutic responses. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting CSCs based on their distinct cell-of-origin characteristics.

RESULTS: Accruing evidence suggest that the cell-of-origin, the cell type from which the tumor …

The Killing Of Ayman Al-Zawahiri: On Its Legality And Why The U.N. Should Clarify The "Unable Or Unwilling" Doctrine, Nicholas Abraksia

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Research Nexus : Volume 9 - 2024, Office Of Research And Graduate Studies

Office of Research and Graduate Studies

• Insight into Research at AKU by the Global Office of Research and Graduate Studies
• Researcher Spotlight: Dr Mariam Noorani, Paediatrics & Child Health
• Capacity Building Initiatives: FHS Pakistan Faculty Sharpen Grant Writing Skills in NIH-Funded Workshop
• Grant Management Workshop Focuses on AKU's Collaborative Research Landscape
• Team Feature: Celebrating Recipients of AKU Long Service Awards
• Bidding Farewell to Research Office Staff

Impact Of Traffic Congestion On Transportation System: Challenges And Remediations - A Review, Hamdy B. Faheem, Amira M. El Shorbagy, Mohamed Elsayed Gabr

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Traffic congestion is a growing problem in urban transportation networks around the world, having major consequences for the economy and the environment. As metropolitan populations rise and more people rely on autos for mobility, traffic congestion is becoming more common and severe. This review paper presents an overview of the economic and environmental issues caused by traffic congestion in urban areas, as well as proposed ways to reduce its negative effects. It discusses potential traditional transportation solutions such as traffic management infrastructure development, improving public transportation, and intelligent transportation solutions to address traffic congestion problems such as smart parking systems, …

Etiology Of Hospital Mortality In Children Living In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Teresa B Kortz, Rishi P Mediratta, Audrey M Smith, Katie R Nielsen, Asya Agulnik, Stephanie Gordon Rivera, Hailey Reeves, Nicole F O'Brien, Jan Hau Lee, Qalab Abbas, Jonah E Attebery, Tigist Bacha, Emaan G Bhutta, Carter J Biewen, Jhon Camacho-Cruz, Alvaro Coronado Muñoz, Mary L Dealmeida, Larko Domeryo Owusu, Yudy Fonseca, Shubhada Hooli, Hunter Wynkoop, Mara Leimanis-Laurens, Deogratius Nicholaus Mally, Amanda M Mccarthy, Andrew Mutekanga, Carol Pineda, Kenneth E Remy, Sara C Sanders, Erica Tabor, Adriana Teixeira Rodrigues, Justin Qi Yuee Wang, Niranjan Kissoon, Yemisi Takwoingi, Matthew O Wiens, Adnan Bhutta

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In 2019, 80% of the 7.4 million global child deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Global and regional estimates of cause of hospital death and admission in LMIC children are needed to guide global and local priority setting and resource allocation but are currently lacking. The study objective was to estimate global and regional prevalence for common causes of pediatric hospital mortality and admission in LMICs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify LMIC observational studies published January 1, 2005-February 26, 2021. Eligible studies included: a general pediatric admission population, a cause of admission or death, …

Geographies Of Storage, Sayd Randle

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Resource storage has long played a key role in the production of socio-ecological arrangements and economic relations. Even so, storage as a concept has remained somewhat marginal within geographical scholarship, often obscured by an analytical focus on the dynamics of movement. Reviewing recent works from geography, science and technology studies, and anthropology that center sites and practices of storage, this essay elaborates the diverse ways in which storage arrangements mediate resource circulation and the production of space. This literature demonstrates that thinking systematically with storage can illuminate a range of novel temporal, material, and value entanglements in-the-making, pointing to potentially …

Factors Related To Attitude-Associated Stigma Among Caregivers Of Mentally Ill Patients In Tanzania., Clavery Lyela, Ezekiel H. Mbao, Stephen Kibusi, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Phillipo L. Chalya

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background:

Attitude-associated stigmas towards patients with mental illness affect most patients. However, the factors related to attitude-associated stigma among caregivers remain unknown. This might lead to the disruption of family relationships, low self-esteem, lack of socialization and other adverse effects. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the associated stigma among caregivers of a patient with a mental illness

Methods:

A quantitative approach, with a cross-sectional study design, was used, involving two standardized questionnaires: Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) Scale and Modified Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (MCESQ), which were used to measure attitudes associated with …

Access And Utilisation Of Open Educational Resources By Academics And Students Among Tertiary Institutions In Tanzania, Pamela Patrick Bulugu, Jaffar Msafiri Ponera Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study investigated the use of open educational resources (OER) among academics and students at the Local Government Training Institute in Tanzania (LGTI). The study was premised on the pragmatism paradigm and deployed a mixed-methods research approach. An explanatory sequential design was used. The sample size comprised 55 respondents from LGTI who filled out questionnaires. Five library staff and two ICT staff were purposefully selected for interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 16, while qualitative data was thematically analysed based on the themes that emerged from the interview. The findings from the questionnaires and interviews established that academics …

A Method For Investigation Of Small-Scale Morphologic Change Around Low Crested Oyster-Based Structures, Makaya S. Malila

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, a novel method for shoreline stabilization, Pervious Oyster Shell Habitat (POSH) units, comprised of recycled eastern oyster shells, has been developed. These mound-shaped structures have been deployed along several shoreline sites in Northeast Florida. This case study sought to develop and implement a method for investigation of small-scale morphologic change in the vicinity of these structures using smartphone LiDAR technology, surveying instruments, and 2D/3D mapping software. Results suggest that the POSH units are helping to mitigate erosion by trapping sediments around them. Moving forward, it may be possible to adapt the methodology used here to assess morphologic …

Practical Actions To Strengthen Capacity For Deep-Water Research In Africa, Kirsty A Mcquaid, Kerry Howell, Agnes W.N. Muthumbi, Olusola Adeoye, Isa Elegbede, Luther Adams, Blessing Charuka, Ana Hilário, Hendrina Kadila, Sophia Laarissa, Randa Mejri, Sidi Mohamed, Damaris Mutia, Angela Nyangwe, Angus Paterson, Sinothando Shibe, Kerry Sink, Sheena Talma, Urias Taylor, Arthur Tuda

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

While Africa's deep marine biodiversity offers economic prospects it also supports crucial ecosystem services and sustainable development is dependent on knowledge of these systems. Building understanding of deep-water ecosystems is key, but there are substantial discrepancies in countries' abilities to achieve this. Coinciding with the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference, the Challenger 150 African Network of Deep-water Researchers is pleased to release a report on “Practical Actions to Strengthen Capacity for Deep-water Research in Africa”. Through a series of online workshops, the ANDR brought together 98 individuals from 19 African nations to discuss challenges for deep-water research in Africa, identify solutions …

Organisational Capabilities Influencing Smes ' Export Performance In Tanzania, Fred Phanuel Okangi

Business Management Review

Exports play an important role in economic growth as it leads to an increase in the country's economic performance through various sectors including small and medium enterprises. As a result, enhancing export performance among small and medium enterprises is very important because of the key roles they play in the economy. The study examined the organization ' s capabilities influencing SMEs ' export performance in Tanzania using the Resource-Based View Theory and Network Model of Internationalization. Data were collected from 70 exporting SMEs in Tanzania and analysed using multiple regression. The study revealed that SMEs ' innovation and product quality …

Attitude And Intention To Adopt Eco-Cars In Uganda: The Moderating Effect Of Culture Orientation, Johnson Lawrence Ssekakubo, Juliet Namukasa

Business Management Review

Eco-cars have been promoted as a viable solution to global environmental concerns and energy crises. This motivated the study to focus on establishing the effect of the motorists ' attitudes and culture orientations on their intention to adopt Eco-cars. A total of 384 motorists from Kampala City were taken using a two-stage sampling design including stratification between public and private motorists and convenience sampling within the strata. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire that was both self and interviewer administered. Data were analysed using correlation and regression analyses. The study revealed that motorists with a positive attitude especially …

The Influence Of The Internal Audit Function Practices On Corporate Governance: The Case Of State-Owned Enterprises In Tanzania, Zelia O. Njeza, Henry Chalu, Ernest G. Kitindi

Business Management Review

The purpose of this research paper was to investigate the influence of internal audit function (IAF) practices on corporate governance (CG) in Tanzanian State-Owned Enterprises(SOEs). Data were collected through a questionnaire targeting the board of directors, audit committee members, management members, and internal and external auditors of 86 SOEs in Tanzania. Overall, the findings indicate that the IAF significantly influences the CG of Tanzanian SOEs. Specifically, the findings reveal that an internal auditor's competence, nature of work and compliance with standards, laws and regulations positively influence CG in Tanzania. These results support the application of the agency theory (supplemented by …

Examining The Implementation Of Insurance Law And Policies: A Study Of Natural Disaster Risks, Policyholders, And Insurance Companies In Indonesia, Dotto Koyage Philipo, Daniel Lubowa

Indonesia Law Review

This study aims to investigate the implementation of insurance laws and policies in Indonesia in the context of natural disaster risks. The study will analyse the effectiveness of existing insurance regulations and their practical implications through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, legal frameworks, and empirical data. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative data with policyholders and insurance professionals, as well as quantitative data analysis from insurance industry reports. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the current insurance framework, shedding light on potential areas for improvement. This study seeks …

Waste Electrical And Electronic Equipment Collection: Challenges And Opportunities In A Developing Country Perspective, Sonny Juma Sonny, Samali Violet Mlay, Abdallah Ibrahim Nyero, Cosmas Oren

Business Management Review

The paper examines the challenges and opportunities in Uganda ' s Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) collection system. Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 423 E-waste collectors and informal recyclers in Uganda and analyzed using the Partial-Least-Squares-Structural Equation Modelling approach. The study found that the system is facing challenges such as inadequate public awareness and infrastructure, and lack of Extended Producer Responsibility. However, there are also financial and economic incentives from E-waste collection and government taxes that can be used as an opportunity. The study suggests that policy-makers and waste management professionals should focus on promoting E-waste …

Moderating Effect Of Financial Condition On The Influence Of Tax Knowledge On Tax Compliance Behaviour Among Smes In Tanzania, Gregory V. Mkenda, Mariam I. Nchimbi, Deogratias N. Mahangila

Business Management Review

This paper examines the moderating effect of financial conditions on the influence of tax knowledge on tax compliance behaviour among SMEs in Tanzania. A cross-section survey of 377 SMEs-Owners was conducted in three regions of Tanzania - Dar es Salaam, Morogoro and Mbeya. Descriptive and partial least square path modelling were used for data analysis, with the aid of SPSS and SmartPLS3.0. The findings of the study supported the hypothesised direct relationship that tax knowledge has a significant positive influence on tax compliance behaviour among SMEs in Tanzania. The findings imply that SME-Owner managers who possess greater tax knowledge demonstrate …

Systematic Assessment Of The Literature On Healthcare Supply Chain Sustainability Practices And Methodological Trends, Yusta Simwita, Gladness Salema

Business Management Review

The ever-growing uncertainties and complexities in health supply chains attract the need to implement sustainability practices in their operations. This study applies a systematic literature review to conduct a comprehensive review from 2008-2023 to identify commonly used sustainability practices and methodological trends. After a comprehensive analysis, 31 articles were included in the final analysis. We observed that several sustainability practices in all three sustainability pillars had been implemented in the healthcare supply chain. This includes employee welfare and well-being, understanding and managing demand, and green practices. This review found that sustainable practices have great benefits, such as empowering employees and …

Performance Appraisal, Career Development And Employee Performance: Implications From Procurement Professionals, Richard Jaffu

Business Management Review

This study examined the mediating role of career development on the relationship between performance appraisal and procurement professionals ' performance. The study involved 204 procurement professionals from Dodoma city. It used cross-sectional survey design, where data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that procurement professionals ' performance and career development are positively influenced by performance appraisal practices. The study also found out that career development has positive influence on procurement professionals ' performance. Finally, the study revealed that career development mediates the influence of performance appraisal on procurement professionals ' performance. The results imply that; procurement …

Pre-Service Teachers’ Epistemological Understanding Of The Language Of Instruction: Can Education Policy Stop Kiswahili In Tanzania’S Classrooms?, John Misana Biseko

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Language-in-education policies in Sub-Saharan Africa is a topic that has attracted several researchers. The adoption of alien languages as legitimate languages of instruction is a matter that has been seriously challenged. Since the 1960s, the debate in Tanzania has been on which language qualifies for the status of LOI. The answers have been favouring either the alien language (English) or the dominant language (Kiswahili). In 2014 the government launched the education policy, which declares both English and Kiswahili as LOI in post-primary education. In the 2023 edition, the policy was changed to declare English as the sole LOI in post-primary …

Language Contest In The Linguistic Landscape Of Sabasaba International Trade Exhibitions In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Emmanuel Ilonga

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This inquiry stems from the scarcity of research on linguistic landscape particularly on the intersection between physical landscape, business fairs, and languages in Dar es Salaam. Essentially, it discusses the complexities of linguistic signs at the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair (DITF) in Tanzania. The central purposes are grounded in the roles of information and symbolism, power dynamics, group identities, language policies, and rationale for the use of specific languages at the fair. Photographic method was employed in the generation of data. The analysis of data was framed in line with informational and symbolic frameworks, and structuration principles. The …

Suledo Community-Based Forest Reserve: A Contested Terrain Between Peasants And Pastoralists In Kiteto District, 1990–2016, Juma Marmo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines how the establishment of the SULEDO community forest reserve caused land use conflicts between peasants and pastoralists in Kiteto District from 1990 to 2016. The peasants complained that the government had deliberately made it possible for pastoralists to get more benefits from the reserve since they were allowed to graze their livestock in the reserve, which took large parts of their former agricultural land. Conversely, the grabbing of land by peasants in the forest reserve caused complaints from the pastoralists who claimed that the peasants were grabbing their grazing land in the reserve. Using archival sources, fieldwork …

A Morpho-Semantic Description Of Adjectives In Kipangwa, Emmanuel Hauli, Rafiki Sebonde, Chrispina Alphonce

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper presents the characteristics of a lexical category adjective in Kipangwa. The lexical category adjective is proposed to be universal, but its realisation varies across languages. This paper offers evidence to authenticate the presence of an independent lexical category adjective in Kipangwa. The study employed a qualitative approach in generating data, analysing the data and reporting the findings. The data for this study were collected through text collections, both spoken and written. Spoken texts/ sentences with adjectives were collected from 18 informants by recording them through a digital audio recorder, while written texts were collected from two (2) Bible …