Digital Commons Network^™

Reading Scholarly Articles, Hilary Kraus

New England Library Instruction Group

This presentation demonstrated a lesson on effectively reading scholarly research articles which was used with students in a first year English course. In the lesson, students are given a relatively short scholarly article, some guidance in effective techniques for breaking down and understanding this kind of article, and a worksheet to guide their process. When they complete the worksheet, they're given an article on a similar topic from a popular source and use a shorter worksheet to compare the two. The lesson ends with a group discussion. Students get practice, in a supportive environment, in understanding how to parse a …

Connecting Fish, Flows And Habitats On Lowland River Floodplains, Paul Brown, David Wood, Iain Ellis, Andrew Greenfield, Warwick Gillespie, Sascha Healy

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Connectivity between river and floodplain habitats is important to many lowland river fishes enabling them to complete their life cycle, maximise growth potential and minimise early life-history mortality. There is increasing recognition of this need and in regulated systems, increasing sophistication of management processes and infrastructure around environmental water allocations to facilitate this connectivity.

Providing connecting flows with limited water resources often means prioritising watering one area over another; so comparative evaluation of fish movement, growth and productivity can be important to demonstrate success.

In the Great Darling Anabranch, we used directional-netting, measures of whole stream productivity and fish otolith …

Proof Of Concept For An Innovative Pump Fishway Design To Move Fish Upstream Over Dams, John H. Harris, William L. Peirson, Brent Mefford, Richard T. Kingsford, Stefan Felder

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Reversing worldwide declines in freshwater fish while making sustainable use of water resources will require effective and economical fishways to restore fish migrations. Mitigation of barrier effects at dams and weirs is too often impeded by poor fishway performance and high costs, so that many fish migrations continue to be obstructed. Improved and less-costly designs are urgently needed. Our innovative pump fishway concept combines fish-behaviour insights, proved fishways techniques and aquaculture’s pumping methods for safe upstream transport of living fish. We ran a series of experimental trials using several scale-model fishway designs with young, hatchery-bred fish. Our horizontal-cylinder design successfully …

Hydraulic Optimisation Of A System For Transporting Fish In Water Vertically At Near-Atmospheric Pressure, William Peirson, Isaac Kim, Kieran Pugh, John H. Harris, Stefan Felder, Richard T. Kingsford

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Reversing worldwide declines in freshwater fish while making sustainable use of water resources will require effective and economical fishways to restore fish migrations. We have developed a proof-of-concept for our innovative pump fishway approach (Harris et al., 2018). This aims to safely lift live fish over vertical distances exceeding 100m without injury. Our horizontal-cylinder design successfully combined the volitional-passage functions of existing fishways with non-volitional transport in a conduit carrying pumped water for young, hatchery-bred, non-salmonid fish. Here, we describe the large-scale transport system designed with minimal moving parts and capable of transporting fish in water vertically over distances …

Barrier Tracker - Using Citizen Science To Build The Most Comprehensive Atlas Of Barriers In Europe, David J. Kilbey, Arjan Berkhuysen, Rosa Olivo Del Amo, Herman Wanningen

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

There is already a substantial amount of data in existence on the barriers within European rivers. However, even for the most comprehensively audited countries, data is patchy and often of poor quality. Proper assessment and prioritisation of remedial action cannot be undertaken until the full picture is known. Barrier Tracker, part of the Adaptive Management of Barriers in European Rivers (AMBER) project, seeks to address this issue by using a smartphone app to crowd-source data from across Europe. Initially available in 9 languages the app allows anyone to record the barriers they encounter. The app has been designed to allow …

Estuarine Fish Passes In The Northern Netherlands Provide Contrasting Windows Of Opportunity For Migrating Fish Species, Jeroen Huisman, Tania Timmer, Leopold A.J. Nagelkerke

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

The Wadden Sea in north-western Europe is the largest system of connected intertidal sand and mud flats in the world and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. Notwithstanding its ecological value, almost all rivers flowing towards the Wadden Sea are heavily modified with inter-tidal barriers, hampering the migration of diadromous fishes. To mitigate the negative effects of such barriers, fish passes were constructed, but their effectiveness is poorly understood. Since most fish passes are only functional during part of the tidal cycle, migration activity should match this operation window to secure effective migration. In this study we focused …

Effects Of Tide Gate Upgrade Or Removal On Fish Passage And Habitat Quality: A Literature Review And Knowledge Synthesis, Guillermo Giannico, Jon Souder, Londi Tomaro, Jeff Behan

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

The ecological effects of tide gates are thought to be sufficiently understood to justify estuary restoration involving removal or upgrades of aging structures with the goals of improving fish passage and estuarine habitat conditions. However, whether tide gate upgrade or removal affect salmonid passage, growth and survival, and habitat quality, lacks clear answers in the primary literature. To address this paucity of information, we conducted a systematic review of the primary literature and of tide gate related project reports. We used a multi-faceted approach to knowledge synthesis, including review of relevant scientific literature, agency and non-agency reports on tide gate …

Control Of Globally Invasive Common Carp: A 10 Year Commercial Trial Of The Williams' Carp Separation Cage In A Murray River Fishway, Anthony J. Conallin, Ivor G. Stuart

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Common carp Cyprinus carpio, are a highly migratory pest fish in Australia, North America, New Zealand and parts of Europe. Fishways built to facilitate native fish passage also benefit invasive carp. The Williams’ cage was developed to separate carp from native fish as they pass through fishways by exploiting their unique jumping behaviour. We report on a 10-year commercial application in a fishway on the lower Murray River (SE Australia) where a high biomass of carp resides.

Between November 2007 and April 2017, the automated Williams’ cage was installed and operated at Lock 1 by a collaborative team of …

Twenty Years Of Fish Passage Policies Establishment In Brazil: A Review Of The Current Status Of Fish Passage Science, Luiz Silva

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

No abstract provided.

Is Automatic Monitoring Accurate Enough?, Magnus Thor Asgeirsson

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

The need for monitoring fish migration has never been greater. With environmental changes and growing aquaculture production in critical areas many rivers are experiencing new and sometimes not-so welcome guests entering the habitats of local species. Some methods of monitoring fish migration such as trapping puts stress on the fish and some non-contact methods such as video surveillance are quite labour intensive.

The Riverwatcher is the most widely used fish monitoring system in the world. It was produced to minimize disturbance to the fish and to produce valuable results automatically, such as count, size, direction, PIT-Tag and log several environmental …

Fish Ladder As Connectivity In A Large Neotropical River: Upstream And Downstream Movements Of Prochilodus Lineatus, Dr. Leandro F. Celestino

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

The potamodromous species worldwide has been threatened by dams intercepting large rivers. One strategy of mitigation is providing passage through fish ladders; however, ladders in Neotropical rivers have been considered as only ascending routes. We study the possible occurrence of and upstream and downstream movements through the fish ladder of Prochilodus lineatus at a large dam – Porto Primavera – in the heavily impounded Upper Paraná River, Brazil. A total of 1,419 specimens of P. lineatus were PIT-tagged in areas downstream (n = 807) and upstream (n = 612) of the dam, and continuously monitored for 4 years with the …

Determining Barotrauma In The Pictus Catfish, Pimelodus Pictus, Experimentally Exposed To Simulated Hydropower Turbine Passage, Bernardo Beirão, Luiz Silva, Richard Brown, Ricardo Walker

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Hydropower development poses severe threats to the aquatic diversity and ecosystem services. One such threat is the exposure of fish to extreme conditions within hydropower facilities. Fish may suffer rapid decompression when passing through turbines or entering/inhabiting the draft tubes, which can lead to barotrauma and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the effects of rapid decompression on the Amazonian benthic species Pimelodus pictus (Pictus catfish), by simulating in hypo/hyperbaric chambers. The most frequent injuries in Pictus catfish exposed to simulated rapid decompression were swim bladder rupture, intestine rupture, internal haemorrhage and embolism. The occurrence and magnitude of internal haemorrhaging and …

A Cautionary Tale About The Inhibitory Effects Of Gated Culverts On Fish Passage Restoration Efforts, Nathan Ning, Lee Baumgartner, Craig Boys, Tim Marsden, Jarrod Mcpherson, Oudom Phonekhampheng, Wayne Robinson, Douangkham Singhanouvong, Ivor Stuart, Garry Thorncraft

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Connectivity between river-floodplain habitats has been heavily constrained in many large tropical river systems by the construction of regulators, levees and other physical barriers. Fishways are being constructed to ameliorate the effects of these barriers; but it is important that all aspects of fishway design cater for local target species. We investigated the lateral movement patterns of Lower Mekong Basin fish in Laos, through a fishway that incorporated a series of cones, resting pools, and a culvert with a vertical lift gate. Fish needed to negotiate all of these structures to move from the Mekong to an adjacent wetland. We …

Merging Biology And Technology To Achieve Selective Bi-Directional Fish Passage, Daniel Zielinski, Theodore Castro-Santos, Andy Goodwin, Tom Pratt, Robert Mclaughlin, Andrew Muir

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Selective, bi-directional fish passage can ease tensions between connectivity actions fish managers take to improve production of native and desirable fishes. Dam removal and fish passage can enhance fish production by increasing connectivity between tributaries and lakes or oceans. Conversely, in-stream barriers to movement can benefit native fishes by limiting the spread and reproduction of invasive species. To address the tensions, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission is leading a team of nearly 60 fisheries biologists, managers, and engineers in developing novel and effective tools to selectively pass desirable fishes while simultaneously blocking and removing invasive species. A uniquely designed facility …

Following The Migration Of Glass Eel And Three-Spined Stickleback Passing Europe’S Largest Pumping Station And World’S Largest Sluice, Ben A.B. Griffioen, Erwin H.V. Winter, Olvin O.A. Van Keeken, Patrick P. Deitelzweig Senior, Xander X.V. De Boer

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

In order to quantify abundance, to study migration behaviour and to evaluate different fish passages along a 26 km long canal (North Sea Canal) in the Netherlands, a mark recapture experiment was carried out by tagging 6750 glass eel (Anguilla anguilla), 625 three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) caught in marine environment and 625 three-spined stickleback caught in brackish environment in spring 2018. To reach the canal, migratory fish must pass a large complex of four large sea sluices, spill gates and Europe’s largest pumping station. Twenty five groups could be distinguished using different combinations of fluorescent colours …

Do Silver Eel Find Their Way Along Sluices And Pumping Stations In Highly Regulated Water Systems, Ben A.B. Griffioen, Erwin H.V. Winter, Justine J. Brockotter, Maeike M.L. Hoexum

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

In order to quantify abundance, to study migration behaviour and to evaluate passage success along a 26 long canal (North Sea Canal) in the Netherlands, a telemetry experiment was carried out by tagging 2630 silver eel (Anguilla anguilla).

A network of 64 VEMCO receivers was used to detect movement of silver eel tagged with V9 (n=280), V9P (n=50) acoustics transmitters and 32mm HDX PITtag. In addition, 2300 silver eel were tagged with 32mm HDX pittags for mark recapture purposes and fish pass evaluation. Fisherman along the canal were equipped with manual PITtag readers in case of a recapture …

Capturing The Wiifms: A Citizen Handbook Tool For Influencing Public Perception Of Dam Removal And Fish Passage Projects, Lisa Hollingsworth-Segedy Aicp

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Community support for dam removal is a crucial element for project success, especially where dams are publicly owned and publicly accessible. Effective community engagement can be a daunting task for fish passage professionals for numerous reasons:

• Dam removal advocates are challenged to communicate scientific information to non-scientists in a science-minimizing, fact-adverse culture;
• Removing dams for fish passage benefits is not perceived by the average citizen as relevant;
• Dam removal advocates provoke the fear of change because such projects threaten the community with a perceived loss;
• average citizens lack the imagination to envision their river without the dam.

American Rivers has …

Enhancing Upstream Passage Solutions For Juvenile Eels: Effects Of Climbing Substrate And Ramp Placement, Johan Watz, P. Anders Nilsson, Erik Degerman, Carl Tamario, Olle Calles

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Juvenile anguillid eels migrating into inland waters often face migration barriers. Upstream passage solutions normally consist of inclined ramps lined with a wetted climbing substrate. In this study, we compared the performance of three commonly used substrate types in a controlled experiment, using European eel as the test species. We also analyzed climbing behavior with videography and validated the experimental results under natural conditions at a hydropower plant. In addition, we investigated the effects of ramp placement. Studded substrate attracted more approaches and climbs and passed more eels at a higher climbing velocity than open weave and bristle substrates, results …

Reducing Slope Improves Small Fish Passage Through A Denil Fishway, Lee Baumgartner, Martin Mallen-Cooper, Ivor Stuart, Brenton Zampatti

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

No abstract provided.

Why Landscape Connectivity Matters To Fish Populations., John Koehn, Charles Todd

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

One of the objectives of providing fish passage is to improve fish populations. Connectivity at large scales is difficult to implement, especially given the costs and time-frames involved. Indeed, the need for fish passage over multiple barriers and large scales is often questioned. With limited evidence available to indicate improvement to populations, this can be a hard proposition to prosecute. Golden perch is a wide-ranging, mobile fish species of thee Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in south-eastern Australia. It has migratory movements of both adults and juveniles, in addition to drifting eggs and larvae. It is a popular angling species, but like …

Upstream Passage And Attempt Behaviour At A Sloping Weir By Migrating Adult River Lamprey: Are Studded Tiles Effective In Improving Longitudinal Connectivity?, Jeroen Tummers, Jim Kerr, Pat O'Brien, Paul Kemp, Martyn Lucas

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

The performance of weir-mounted studded tiles for passing upstream-migrating lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) was compared with unmodified parts of a Crump flow-gauging weir and with use of a bottom-baffle fishway on the River Derwent, Northeast England. Equidistantly-studded tiles were fixed horizontally on the weir face near the right bank, forming a 1m-wide treatment lane, neighboured by a tileless control lane. A bottom-baffle fishway was present at the right bank, alongside a hydropower tailrace. Two further left-bank controls enabled, together with right-side controls, comparison of lamprey attraction relative to the dominant flow on the right side. Downstream and upstream ends …

Quantifying The Fine-Scale Behaviour Of Spawning Run River Lamprey (Lampetra Fluviatilis) Approaching A Low-Head Weir Retrofitted With Studded Tiles, James Kerr, Jeroen S. Tummers, Martyn C. Lucas, Paul S. Kemp

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Fish passes (or fishways) designed to mitigate for the impeded movement of migratory fish at anthropogenic structures (such as dams and weirs) often function poorly. This is particularly the case for anguilliform species such as lamprey (Petromyzon spp. and Lampetra spp.). Poor swimming capability (in comparison to e.g. salmonids) and a lack of understanding of behaviour in response to hydrodynamic cues are considered key reasons limiting the performance of mitigation measures. A field study employing Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) and fine-scale (sub-metre) acoustic telemetry was conducted on the River Derwent (Yorkshire, UK) in Winter (November – December) 2017. The …

Monetary Policy In Liberalized Financial Markets: The Mexican Case, Santiago Capraro, Carlo Panico

PERI Working Papers

The paper examines the conduct of monetary policy and the institutional organization of economic policy in Mexico during the years of financial liberalization and the outgrowth of the financial industry. It argues that they have favored the monetary and financial stability at the cost of reducing investment and negatively affecting the strength of the productive structure and the international competitiveness of the Mexican economy. The paper argues that these negative results will eventually make the present conduct of monetary policy unable to pursue the monetary and financial stability of the economy. Unlike other outstanding critical literature, the emphasis of our …

Magnitude And Mechanisms Of Capital Flight From Angola, CôTe D’Ivoire And South Africa, LéOnce Ndikumana, James Boyce

PERI Working Papers

This paper presents an updated methodology for estimation of capital flight, which is applied to the cases of Angola, Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa. The results indicate that the three countries have experienced substantial capital flight over the past four decades, amounting to $60 billion in constant 2015 dollars for Angola (over 1986-2015), $32 billion for Côte d’Ivoire (over 1970-2015), and $198 billion for South Africa (over 1970-2015). An important mechanism of capital flight is misinvoicing of exports and imports, especially in primary commodities. The fact that these outflows have persisted over a long period indicates that they are driven …

Green Growth And The Right To Energy In India, Rohit Azad, Shouvik Chakraborty

PERI Working Papers

Can growth in India be simultaneously made equitable and environ- mentally sustainable? The recent pattern of high growth in India has been inequitable even as serious questions have been raised about its ecological sustainability. In contrast to the current growth trajectory, this paper argues that an alternative growth trajectory can be de- veloped which answers the question in the affirmative. We propose an Energy Policy with Equity (EPE), which fundamentally changes the energy mix of the Indian economy towards greener forms of en- ergy as well as guarantees universal access to energy thus generated to the entire population, a feat …

External Balance Sheets Of Emerging Economies: Low-Yielding Assets, High-Yielding Liabilities, Yilmaz AkyüZ

PERI Working Papers

The new millennium has witnessed a rapid expansion of external balance sheets and significant changes in the capital, currency and sectoral compositions of foreign assets and liabilities of emerging economies. While foreign lending and investment in these economies have reached unprecedented levels, even deficit emerging economies have acquired sizeable amounts of foreign assets thanks to large inflows of capital. These changes in the size, composition and leverage of external balance sheets have created new channels of transmission of global financial shocks through their effects on international capital flows. They have also amplified the susceptibility of outstanding stocks of foreign assets …

A Marxist Theory Of Rent, Deepankar Basu

PERI Working Papers

This paper offers a unified analytical treatment of Marx’s theory of rent. I highlight the key role played by the price of the agricultural commodity in determining rent. I offer two closures of the model. The first closure is an elaboration of Marx’s argument in Volume III of Capital. The second closure explicitly allows for the role of demand. I also show that total rent can be decomposed into three components: absolute rent, differential rent I, and differential rent II. A Marxist theory can explain rent in any system of capitalist commodity production which uses privately owned nonreproducible resources.

Evaluation And Remediation Of Rater Scoring Of Constructed Response Items, Frank Padellaro Jr

Doctoral Dissertations

The primary focus of this study is the impact of variation in rater scoring of constructed response items for credentialing exams used for licensure or accreditation in a professional endeavor. In this type of exam, a candidate may be asked to write in detail about a legal opinion, an auditing report, or a patient diagnosis (just to name a few examples), and a rater (often a professional from the field) is responsible for evaluating the response (Raymond, 2002). Unfortunately, it is impossible for a rater, even one who is well trained, to make such judgments without some amount of error. …

Micronutrient Status And Telomere Length In Adult Men And Women., Christy S. Maxwell

Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Telomeres are the noncoding nucleotide sequences at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes, serving to protect DNA during mitotic division. Given their guanine-rich structure, telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative damage often mediated by inflammation. Recently, telomere attrition and dysfunction have been associated with age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and certain cancers. Several modifiable risk factors have also been associated with shortened telomere length, including physical inactivity, obesity, stress, smoking, and poor diet. Objective: We examined the relations between vitamin B₁₂ status, folate status, and iron status, relative to telomere length in …

Three Essays On Health, Risk And Behavior, Irene Mussio

Doctoral Dissertations

Health-related decisions could be explained by a variety of factors, ranging from the perception of the risk the activity involves to the knowledge of the long-term effects of the decision. An individual deciding to eat unhealthy or not to exercise could face health problems in the long-run. Individuals with health issues have been found to be more risk averse when it comes to financial decisions, such as portfolio allocation. Financial incentives to engage in healthier behaviors have been successful but short-lived. Prior research leaves many questions such as: What are the factors that explain why an individual decides to engage …