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1999

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Genetic Associations Of Growth And Lactation Curve Components In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles Jan 1999

Genetic Associations Of Growth And Lactation Curve Components In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Weight and milk production records of Polled Hereford cows born from 1967 to 1979 were used to fit growth and lactation curves. A multiple-trait, derivative-free, restricted maximum likelihood (MTDFREML) procedure, utilizing a full animal model, was used to estimate variances and covariances for the components of the growth and lactation curves. For the growth curve, W=A+B(1-e-kt) components A, B, and k each had moderate to high heritabilities ranging from .35 to .72. The genetic correlation between growth curve components A and B was positive (.42), whereas the genetic correlations between A and K (-.34) and between B and K (-.74) …

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Selection Response For Feed Conversion And Growth Traits In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles Jan 1999

Selection Response For Feed Conversion And Growth Traits In Polled Hereford Cattle, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Direct and correlated responses to selection for improved feed conversion were estimated from performance records of 1459 Polled Hereford cattle born from the spring of 1967 through the spring of 1979. Data were analyzed using a multiple-trait, derivative-free, restricted maximum likelihood (MTDFREML) procedure. A full animal model was used to calculate genetic and phenotypic (co)variances. The withinherd breeding values that resulted from the solution of the mixed model equations were regressed on year to create selection response curves. Feed conversion was shown to respond favorably to direct selection, with feed/gain changing -.005 per year.

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Effects Of Virginiamycin Or Monensin Plus Tylosin On Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics In Steers Fed Dry-Rolled Corn With Or Without Wet Corn Gluten Feed, S.E. Ives, A. Del Barrio, D.J. Bindel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1999

Effects Of Virginiamycin Or Monensin Plus Tylosin On Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics In Steers Fed Dry-Rolled Corn With Or Without Wet Corn Gluten Feed, S.E. Ives, A. Del Barrio, D.J. Bindel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to evaluate effects of virginiamycin and monensin plus tylosin on ruminal fermentation characteristics in steers fed dry rolled corn-based finishing diets with or without wet corn gluten feed. Ruminal pH was higher, concentrations of volatile fatty acids were lower, and ciliated protozoal numbers were higher in steers fed diets with wet corn gluten feed. Including virginiamycin or monensin plus tylosin had few effects on the ruminal fermentation characteristics we measured. Including wet corn gluten feed appeared to stabilize the ruminal fermentation.

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Comparative Value Of Dry-Rolled Corn, Distiller’S Dried Grains, And Wheat Middlings For Receiving Diets, S.E. Ives, D.W. Anderson, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Comparative Value Of Dry-Rolled Corn, Distiller’S Dried Grains, And Wheat Middlings For Receiving Diets, S.E. Ives, D.W. Anderson, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 28-day receiving experiments were conducted using 620 exotic x British cross steers to evaluate differences in growth performance, morbidity, and mortality when fed diets containing dry-rolled corn, distiller's dried grains with solubles, or wheat middlings. All diets contained approximately 60% concentrate and 40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Gain and efficiency tended to be poorer for cattle fed the wheat middling-based diet than for those fed corn. No notable differences were evident in terms of the percentage of cattle treated for respiratory disease. Feed intake and daily gain were improved slightly when corn was replaced by distiller's dried grains, but efficiency …

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Effect Of Level Of Non-Enzymatically Browned Soybean Meal In Limit-Fed, Grain Sorghum Diets For Growing Heifers, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1999

Effect Of Level Of Non-Enzymatically Browned Soybean Meal In Limit-Fed, Grain Sorghum Diets For Growing Heifers, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Grain sorghum-based diets were fed in a limit-feeding trial involving 72 heifers for 100 days. Heifers were fed one of four diets designed to provide 12.5%, 14.9%, 17.3%, and 19.6% crude protein. Protein levels in the diets were altered by providing up to 20% of the diet as non-enzymatically browned soybean meal (Soypassâ) at the expense of dry-rolled grain sorghum. Performance of heifers (gain and feed efficiency) tended (P=.15) to improve linearly as protein concentration of the diets was increased. The greatest improvements were observed at concentrations up to 17.3%.

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Dehydrated Paunch And Vegetable By-Products For Growing Beef Cattle, T.A. Nutsch, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Dehydrated Paunch And Vegetable By-Products For Growing Beef Cattle, T.A. Nutsch, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred beef heifers (avg wt 653 lb) were used in a feeding experiment to determine the relative feed value of dried paunch content, two separate vegetable processing by-products, and combinations of by-products with dryrolled corn. Consumption of the vegetable byproduct diets, both of which contained a high percentage of fat, was less than expected. Performance of cattle fed the by-product diets was less than that of cattle fed high-energy diets comprised of corn. However, when combined with corn, the vegetable by-product yielded performance similar to that of corn alone.

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Soy Molasses As A Feed Ingredient For Finishing Cattle, C.K. Schoenholz, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Soy Molasses As A Feed Ingredient For Finishing Cattle, C.K. Schoenholz, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty Angus x Hereford cross steers were used in an individual feeding study to compare soybean molasses (a by-product of soybean meal manufacture) and soybean meal as ingredients in finishing diets containing flaked corn or a combination of high-moisture corn and dryrolled corn. Supplementation with soy molasses resulted in higher (P<.05) feed intakes in the cattle fed the high-moisture corn diet but had no effect on intakes of cattle fed the flaked diets. No such changes were noted for supplementation with soybean meal. In general, carcass traits were not influenced by level or type of supplement. Soy molasses appears to have feed value equal to or greater than that of soybean meal when compared on a protein basis. Its value as a source of supplemental nutrients appears to be greater in steam-flaked diets than in high-moisture diets.

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Effects Of Cooked Molasses Blocks On Intake And Digestion By Steers Fed Brome Hay With Or Without Alfalfa, J.W. Ringler, R.H. Greenwood, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Effects Of Cooked Molasses Blocks On Intake And Digestion By Steers Fed Brome Hay With Or Without Alfalfa, J.W. Ringler, R.H. Greenwood, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study was conducted to determine how cattle fed medium to high quality forages respond to supplementation with cooked molasses blocks. Responses to blocks were measured for steers fed each of three different hays ad libitum: 1) brome containing 8.4% CP and 72% NDF, 2) alfalfa containing 19.2% CP and 52% NDF, and 3) brome fed ad lib and supplemented daily with 5 lb/day of the alfalfa (MIX). Eighteen steers (622 lb) were used for two periods. Six steers received each of the forages, and each steer was supplemented with the block in only one of the two periods. Blocks …

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Impacts Of Wheat Milling By-Products In Supplements On The Intake And Digestion Of Steers Consuming Low-Quality Forage, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, D.D. Simms, J.S. Heldt, C.P. Mathis Jan 1999

Impacts Of Wheat Milling By-Products In Supplements On The Intake And Digestion Of Steers Consuming Low-Quality Forage, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, D.D. Simms, J.S. Heldt, C.P. Mathis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixteen ruminally fistulated steers were used to evaluate the effects of feeding supplements containing combinations of two wheat-milling by-products on forage intake, digestibility, and ruminal characteristics. The by-products accounted for 47 to 49% of each supplement and were as follows: 1) 100% wheat bran; 2) 67% wheat bran, 33% second clears; and 3) 33% wheat bran, 67% second clears. All supplements contained about 30% CP. Compared with unsupplemented controls, forage intake and digestibility were significantly higher for supplemented steers. However, no differences occurred among by-product treatments. In conclusion, if the protein content is adequate, the choice of bran (high digestible …

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Effect Of Interseeding Legumes Into Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore Jan 1999

Effect Of Interseeding Legumes Into Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 135 steers grazed high-endophyte tall fescue pasture interseeded with either lespedeza, red clover, or ladino clover during 1995, 1996, and 1997. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Legume treatment caused no differences in forage availability. Grazing gains corresponded to the amount of legume coverage present. Results of this study indicate that interseeding high endophyte fescue pastures with ladino clover produced higher stocker gains during the grazing phase than interseeding with lespedeza or red clover. Legume treatment had no effect on subsequent finishing gains.

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Effect Of Date Of Harvest On The Yield And Nutritional Quality Of Native Grass Hay, J.C. Baker, S.R. Tonn, S.I. Paisley, David E. Kehler, Dale A. Blasi Jan 1999

Effect Of Date Of Harvest On The Yield And Nutritional Quality Of Native Grass Hay, J.C. Baker, S.R. Tonn, S.I. Paisley, David E. Kehler, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native grass hay meadows in three Kansas Flint Hills counties were sampled at 2-week intervals during the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons to determine the effect of harvest date on forage quality and dry matter (DM) yield. Each sample was weighed and analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and phosphorus (PHOS). The CP and PHOS contents declined, whereas ADF and DM yield increased as harvest date progressed. Although CP, ADF and DM yield were related highly to harvest date, the association for PHOS content was only moderate. Because harvest date of native grass hay can significantly influence …

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Effects Of Half- Vs Three-Quarter-Season Grazing Of Native Grass Pastures, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore, M.R. Fausett Jan 1999

Effects Of Half- Vs Three-Quarter-Season Grazing Of Native Grass Pastures, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore, M.R. Fausett

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mixed-breed steers (563 lbs) grazed burned, native-grass pastures (1990 to 1998). Steers were allotted randomly to graze native grass pastures for either 1/2 season (1/2) from April to July 15 (81 days, at 1 steer to 2 acres) or for 3/4 season (3/4) from April to August 15 (112 days, at 1 steer per 3 acres). The grass composition was measured in the first, fourth, and eighth years of the study. The economics of steers grazing the two systems were determined by calf and feeder cattle prices at Dodge City adjusted to southeast Kansas. The steers grazing 1/2 gained more …

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K-State Turfgrass Research 1999, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 1999

K-State Turfgrass Research 1999, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It might be a simple question, such as "Which tall fescue cultivars are best suited for use on lawns?" or possibly a more complicated one, such as "What causes the quality of my bentgrass greens to decline in July?" Answers to these questions and many others are contained in this 1999 edition of Turfgrass Research.

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Effects Of Processing And Fat Removal On The Value Of Cottonseed In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park Jan 1999

Effects Of Processing And Fat Removal On The Value Of Cottonseed In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighteen Holstein cows were used in six simultaneous 3x3 Latin squares to determine the value of extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with lint as a replacement for whole cottonseed in diets for lactating dairy cows. Diets were: 1) WCS=whole cottonseed; 2) EC+T=extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with tallow; and 3) EC=extruded-expelled cottonseed meal. Diets were formulated to contain 17.5% CP and 40% RUP. Tallow or shelled corn was used to balance energy across diets. No differences were observed in dry matter intake, milk production, or feed efficiency among diets. Cows fed EC produced milk with a slightly higher protein percentage. Feed costs per cwt …

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Extruded-Expelled Cottonseed Meal With Lint As A Source Of Rumen Undegradable Protein For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, E. C. Shirley, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel Jan 1999

Extruded-Expelled Cottonseed Meal With Lint As A Source Of Rumen Undegradable Protein For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, E. C. Shirley, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-four pluriparous Holstein cows were used in six 4x4 Latin squares to evaluate the value of extruded-expelled cottonseed meal (EECM) with lint as a source of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) for lactating dairy cows. Cows were fed diets typical of those used by commercial dairies with all the cereal grain supplied as corn. Tallow was used to balance the fat level across diets. Experimental diets were: solvent soybean meal (16% CP:35% RUP)=SBM 16-35; solvent soybean meal (18% CP:35% RUP)= SBM 18-35; extruded-expelled cottonseed meal (16% CP:40% RUP)=EC16-40; bloodmeal/ fishmeal (16% CP:40% RUP)=BMFM 16-40. Average milk production was approximately 82 lbs …

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Evaluation Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed As An Ingredient In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Vanbaale, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley Jan 1999

Evaluation Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed As An Ingredient In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Vanbaale, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-two Holstein cows were used in two 2x2 Latin squares with 28-day periods to evaluate the effect of including wet corn gluten feed in diets for lactating dairy cows. Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) was fed to cows housed in freestalls at 20% of the diet dry matter. Cows fed WCGF consumed more dry matter, and produced more milk and more energy-corrected milk than cows fed the control diet. Production efficiency was not different between diets. The percentages of fat and protein in milk were not different between diets, but yields of all milk components were improved by including WCGF …

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Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cattle Housed In Two-Row Freestall Barns Equipped With Three Different Cooling Systems (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, B. J. Pulkrabek, D. T. Mccarty Jan 1999

Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cattle Housed In Two-Row Freestall Barns Equipped With Three Different Cooling Systems (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, B. J. Pulkrabek, D. T. Mccarty

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty-nine Holstein cows (66 primiparous and 93 multiparous) were assigned to each of three different cooling systems installed in two-row freestall barns on a northeast Kansas dairy. One barn was equipped with a row of five 48-inch fans mounted every 40 ft over the freestalls and a row of 10 36-inch fans mounted every 20 ft over the cow feed line. Another barn was equipped with five 48-inch fans mounted over the freestalls. Both of these barns were also equipped with identical sprinkler systems mounted over the feed line. The third barn was equipped with a row of …

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Labor Requirements For Handling Manure From Concrete Basins (1999), Joseph P. Harner, T. Strahm, David V. Key, T. L. Strahm Jan 1999

Labor Requirements For Handling Manure From Concrete Basins (1999), Joseph P. Harner, T. Strahm, David V. Key, T. L. Strahm

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Time requirements for loading a manure spreader and traveling to and from the field varied from 20 to 30 min per load. However, standardizing the data showed that 5 to 7 min were required per 1,000 gal (9,000 lb). The preliminary results of the time motion data indicate about 30 min per cow per year are required for handling manure from a concrete storage basin. These results were consistent among the four dairies evaluated, even though differences existed in operating procedures. These results enable dairy producers to assess labor and equipment needs for performing the various operations associated with hauling …

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Nutrient Analysis Of Sand-Laden Dairy Manure (1999), T. Strahm, Joseph P. Harner, David V. Key, James P. Murphy Jan 1999

Nutrient Analysis Of Sand-Laden Dairy Manure (1999), T. Strahm, Joseph P. Harner, David V. Key, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nine concrete storage basins were sampled on Kansas dairies and analyzed for nutrient content of sand-laden dairy manure. The manure average 75% moisture content during the three sampling periods. The average total nitrogen, phosphate, and potash were 9.7, 4.6, and 7.4 lb/ton, respectively. The data collected from the basin indicated that when the scraped manure from a dairy is applied at an agronomic rate of 15 tons or less per acre, accumulation of nutrients should be minimal, in particular phosphorus. The manure value was $3 to $4 per ton depending on whether commercial sources of phosphorus normally would be applied …

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Relocation And Expansion Planning For Dairy Producers (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, D. V. Armstrong, M. J. Gamroth Jan 1999

Relocation And Expansion Planning For Dairy Producers (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, D. V. Armstrong, M. J. Gamroth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Relocating or expanding a dairy facility requires a tremendous amount of time and planning. Owners or managers of dairies will go through a number of steps including: 1) developing a business plan; 2) choosing a design process; 3) developing specifications; 4) selecting location/site; 5) obtaining permits/ legal; 6) obtaining bids; 7) selecting contractors; 8) buying cattle; 9) purchasing feeds; 10) financing; 11) managing construction; 12) hiring and training employees; 13) developing management protocols for the dairy; and 14) managing information flow. The dairy can be divided into these components: 1) milking parlor; 2) cow housing; 3) special needs facility (e.g., …

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Increasing Pregnancy Rates At First Service In Dairy Cows Exposed To High Ambient Temperatures Before And After Calving (1999), J. A. Cartmill, Timothy G. Rozell, S. Z. El-Zarkouny, John F. Smith Jan 1999

Increasing Pregnancy Rates At First Service In Dairy Cows Exposed To High Ambient Temperatures Before And After Calving (1999), J. A. Cartmill, Timothy G. Rozell, S. Z. El-Zarkouny, John F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cows exposed to heat stress before or after calving or both are prone to reduced fertility because of reduced expression of estrus and less embryonic survival if pregnant. Cows calving on three dairy farms during the summer of 1998 were studied. First inseminations were programmed to occur between 50 and 70 days in milk using the Ovsynch protocol, which included a timed artificial insemination. Control cows were treated similarly but did not receive the second injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and were inseminated only after estrus was detected (Select Synch). The Ovsynch protocol increased pregnancy rates from 17.6 to 31.3%, because …

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Kansas Fertilizer Research 1998, Ray E. Lamond Jan 1999

Kansas Fertilizer Research 1998, Ray E. Lamond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Field Research 1999, Dale L. Fjell Jan 1999

Field Research 1999, Dale L. Fjell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Examination Of Stocking Density And Marketing Strategies In A Commercial Production Environment (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Examination Of Stocking Density And Marketing Strategies In A Commercial Production Environment (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The influence of stocking density (7.4 or 6.6 sq ft per pig) and marketing strategy (0, 1, or 2 sorts before closeout) was examined in a commercial production environment. No interaction between stocking density and marketing strategy was observed. Higher stocking density had no negative effects on growth performance or carcass characteristics. The major advantage of one or two sorts was a reduction in sort loss of $.27/cwt carcass ($.52/pig) compared to no sorts. No differences were found between one and two sorts under the packer matrix used in this study.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999

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