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1999

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 1999 Jan 1999

Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 1999

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Each Field Day report consists of individual research reports on topics specific to the region, including cultural methods for most of the major crops grown in Kansas, mitigating the effects of weeds, insects, and disease associated with those crops, and irrigation. Research is conducted and reports written by staff of the K-State Research and Extension Southwest Research Extension Center.

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The Effect Of Decreasing Sorghum Amylose Content On Steam-Flaking Production Characteristics, J.R. Froetschner, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke, Leland J. Mckinney Jan 1999

The Effect Of Decreasing Sorghum Amylose Content On Steam-Flaking Production Characteristics, J.R. Froetschner, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke, Leland J. Mckinney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment demonstrated no advantage in using a waxy sorghum over a conventional sorghum for steam flaking. Even though the waxy variety had a slight increase in in-vitro gas production after flaking, the benefit was outweighed by the significant increase in energy requirement and significant decrease in production rate during processing.

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Effects Of Spray-Dried Animal Plasma Source On Weanling Pig Performance (1999), M U. Steidinger, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Spray-Dried Animal Plasma Source On Weanling Pig Performance (1999), M U. Steidinger, P R. O'Quinn, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of different spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) sources on weanling pig performance. For this study, different sources of SDAP were obtained from each of the four largest marketers. In each experiment, a different lot of each of the four plasma sources was used. Pigs were fed either a control diet or one of four diets containing different plasma sources added at 5.0 % of the total diet. The results of these experiments suggest that larger differences occur between lots or batches of SDAP then between sources of SDAP, when weanling pig performance is …

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Influence Of Lysine Level Fed From 40 To 80 Lb On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Barrows And Gilts (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Influence Of Lysine Level Fed From 40 To 80 Lb On Growth Performance And Carcass Composition Of Barrows And Gilts (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,200 pigs was used to determine the influence of lysine level fed from 40 to 80 Ib on growth performance and carcass composition. Barrows and gilts were fed com-soybean meal-based diets with 6% added fat formulated to .80, .95, 1.10, 1.25, or 1.40% total lysine. Increasing dietary lysine improved ADG and F/G in a linear and quadratic manner with optimal ADG at 1.10% lysine and optimal F/G at 1.400/0 lysine. Economic returns over feed costs were similar at 1.10, 1.25, and 1.40% lysine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999

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Margins Of Safety Can Be Lowered For Supplemental Copper, Zinc, Iron, And Manganese In Finishing Diets Without Affecting Growth Performance (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Margins Of Safety Can Be Lowered For Supplemental Copper, Zinc, Iron, And Manganese In Finishing Diets Without Affecting Growth Performance (1999), Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Finishing pig diets are commonly supplemented with copper, zinc, iron, and manganese with large margins of safety compared to those suggested by NRC requirements. In this study, pigs were fed a control diet that provided these minerals supplemented at concentrations similar to current KSU recommendations, diets containing 50 and 25% of the recommendation, or a combination of 50% of the recommendations until 145 lb and no added trace minerals from 145 lb until market. The trial used pigs from 100 lb until market weight at 265 lb. No differences in growth perfonnance or carcass characteristics were observed as a result …

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Effects Of Diet Processing Method On Growth Performance Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (1999), J T. Sawyer, J C. Woodworth, P R. O'Quinn, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Diet Processing Method On Growth Performance Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (1999), J T. Sawyer, J C. Woodworth, P R. O'Quinn, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects ofdifferent diet processing methods on growth perfornlance of segregated early-weaned pigs. From d 0 to 14, pigs were fed diets processed by one of four different methods: meal, universal pellet cooker CUPC), expanded, or pelleted. Pigs fed pelleted or UPC diets had improved ADO and F/G, and pigs fed meal diets had the poorest ADO and F/G. From d 14 to 28, pigs were fed one of six diets consisting of complex meal and expanded diets and two (least cost and complex) UPC and pelleted diets. From d 14 to …

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Comparison Of Revalor®-S And Synovex® Plus™ Implants For Heavyweight, Short-Fed, Yearling Steers, Gerry L. Kuhl, A.S. Flake, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Comparison Of Revalor®-S And Synovex® Plus™ Implants For Heavyweight, Short-Fed, Yearling Steers, Gerry L. Kuhl, A.S. Flake, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred four Hereford x Angus steers averaging 897 lb were implanted with Revalor®- S or Synovex® Plus™ and fed a high concentrate diet for 82 days. Feed efficiencies and daily gains were not different between the two implant groups. Although most carcass characteristics were similar, Revalor-S tended (P<.09) to yield a higher percentage of carcasses that graded USDA Choice or better.

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Water Removal From Raw Milk At The Point Of Production (1999), I. Cox, H. Dingeldein, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 1999

Water Removal From Raw Milk At The Point Of Production (1999), I. Cox, H. Dingeldein, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milk processing plants are becoming fewer in number and larger in size. As a result, the distance the raw milk is transported from the point of production to the processing site increases. Because the major component in raw milk is water, the reduction of water at the production site would result in lower transportation costs as well as lower energy needs. Water can be removed from milk through a membrane filtration. This study showed that concentration of raw milk allowed for the microbes to partition into the milk solids fraction. Microbial numbers increased during refrigerated storage of this concentrated raw …

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Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio And Dietary Fat Addition On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Barrows (1999), M De La Llata, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Effects Of Increasing Lysine:Calorie Ratio And Dietary Fat Addition On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Barrows (1999), M De La Llata, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,200 growing-finishing barrows was used to determine the effects of increasing lysine:calorie ratio and dietary fat addition. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial with two levels of fat (0 and 6%) and four lysine:calorie ratios in each of the four phases. The appropriate lysine: calorie ratios to maximize performance were: 3.01,2.25 to 2.50, 1.78 to 1.98, and 1.42 to 1.62 from 75 to 130, 130 to 175, 175 to 220, and 220 to 260 lb, respectively. These ratios equate to approximate total lysine levels of 1.00, .80, 65, and .53%, respectively, in corn-soybean …

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Additional L-Carnitine In The Gestating Sow Diet Improves Carcass Characteristics Of The Offspring (1999), R E. Musser, Duane L. Davis, K Q. Owen, R E. Campbell, S Hanni, J S. Bauman, M Heintz, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1999

Additional L-Carnitine In The Gestating Sow Diet Improves Carcass Characteristics Of The Offspring (1999), R E. Musser, Duane L. Davis, K Q. Owen, R E. Campbell, S Hanni, J S. Bauman, M Heintz, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 232 sows was used to determine the effects of an additional 50 ppm of L-carnitine in the gestation diet on sow and offspring performance. No differences were observed in either the immediate or subsequent number of pigs born or born alive per litter (P>.l 0). No differences were observed in pig weight at birth, weaning, or d 60 of age. Muscle fiber analysis of newborn pigs indicated a tendency for a larger cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus muscle; increased primary (slow-twitch, red) fibers; and a higher ratio of primary to secondary fibers (fast-twitch, white). No differences …

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Sarcina Ventriculi As The Potential Cause Of Abomasal Bloat, T.J. Schemm, B.M. Debey, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1999

Sarcina Ventriculi As The Potential Cause Of Abomasal Bloat, T.J. Schemm, B.M. Debey, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sarcina-like bacteria, possibly Sarcina ventriculi, have been seen upon histopathologic examination of the abomasums of calves that died of abomasal bloat. The ability of the organism to grow at a low pH and produce large amounts of gas suggests that it may be the cause of abomasal bloat.

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Comparison Of Morbidity And Performance Among Stressed Feeder Calves Following Vaccination With Pyramid™ Mlv 4 Or Pyramid™ 4+Presponse® Sq, S. Ives, James S. Drouillard, David E. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1999

Comparison Of Morbidity And Performance Among Stressed Feeder Calves Following Vaccination With Pyramid™ Mlv 4 Or Pyramid™ 4+Presponse® Sq, S. Ives, James S. Drouillard, David E. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to compare performance, morbidity, retreatment percent, and mortality in stressed heifer calves during the receiving and growing phases after receiving either Pyramid™ MLV 4 or Pyramid™ 4+Presponse® SQ on arrival at a feedlot research facility. Vaccination with Pyramid 4+Presponse SQ (a 4-way viral modified live vaccine with a Pasteurella haemolytica bacterin-toxoid) tended to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (P=.2) and reduced retreatment rate (P<.06).

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Effects Of Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power (Rhepp) Irradiation On Sensory Attributes, Color, And Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, V.S. Gill, R.J. Kaye, Melvin C. Hunt, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1999

Effects Of Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power (Rhepp) Irradiation On Sensory Attributes, Color, And Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, V.S. Gill, R.J. Kaye, Melvin C. Hunt, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We investigated the effects of packaging atmosphere and three levels of irradiation dose (Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power, - RHEPP) on microbial populations, vitamin retention, and display color attributes of ground beef patties stored either chilled or frozen. Beef knuckles and beef fat were coarsely ground, sampled and analyzed to achieve 20% fat, mixed, ground through a 1/8 in. plate, and processed into 1/4-lb patties, which were sealed either aerobically or nitrogen-flushed. Patties were not irradiated or irradiated to 1.5 or 3.0 kGy, chilled, and displayed at 37 ± 4EF for 6 days under 150 foot-candles of Deluxe Warm White …

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Antibacterial Effectiveness Of A Second Generation Steam Pasteurization™ System For Beef Carcass Decontamination, A. Truax, S. Sporing, S.A. Rueger, M. Schafer, L.K. Bohra, L. Harris, Randall K. Phebus, Deanna D. Retzlaff Jan 1999

Antibacterial Effectiveness Of A Second Generation Steam Pasteurization™ System For Beef Carcass Decontamination, A. Truax, S. Sporing, S.A. Rueger, M. Schafer, L.K. Bohra, L. Harris, Randall K. Phebus, Deanna D. Retzlaff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The original commercial Steam Pasteurization ™ System (SPS 400) involved a sealable moving car by which carcass sides were carried through the steam chamber at standard line speeds. A second generation "static chamber" system (SPS 400-SC) eliminates the mechanical moving car and has been installed in a large beef slaughter facility. We collected data to verify SPS 400-SC's effectiveness at chamber temperatures from 185 to 205EF in a batch process mode (only test carcasses passing through the unit at variable intervals to facilitate collection of research samples) and at 190EF with the system running continuously. Tissue samples were obtained from …

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Lactic Acid, Hot Water, And Microwave Treatment To Reduce Natural Microflora And Pathogens In Vacuum-Packaged Beef, D.H. Kang, B.A. Crozier-Dodson, G. Jiang, X. Shi, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 1999

Lactic Acid, Hot Water, And Microwave Treatment To Reduce Natural Microflora And Pathogens In Vacuum-Packaged Beef, D.H. Kang, B.A. Crozier-Dodson, G. Jiang, X. Shi, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Combined lactic acid (2%), hot water, and microwave treatments were used to reduce natural microflora and the pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-packaged beef. Hot water at 158EF followed by vacuum packaging and 5 sec. of microwave were acceptable for microbial reduction. Dipping inoculated meat for 20 sec. into 2% room temperature lactic acid prior to that treatment at 158EF reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 1.05 log CFU/cm2, S. typhimurium by .7 log CFU/cm2, and L. monocytogenes by .85 log CFU/cm2 (CFU is colony forming unit). One log equals a 90% reduction, and 2 log …

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Incidence Of Premature Browning During Cooking In Ground Beef Purchased At Retail, Melvin C. Hunt, K.M. Killinger, R.E. Campbell Jan 1999

Incidence Of Premature Browning During Cooking In Ground Beef Purchased At Retail, Melvin C. Hunt, K.M. Killinger, R.E. Campbell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We measured the incidence of premature browning during cooking in ground beef that was purchased from retail supermarkets and prepared using common household procedures. Patties made from meat on the outer portion of the packages purchased in the morning had the highest incidence of premature browning (62.5%). Patties from inner portions of packages purchased in the afternoon, refrigerated, and prepared the next morning were more (P<0.05) purple and had the lowest incidence (25%) of premature browning. Overall incidence of premature browning averaged 47%. Because internal cooked color of ground beef is such an unreliable indicator of doneness, temperature measurements should be used to verify that safe endpoint temperatures have been reached.

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Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Ground Beef, B.G. Abdulkarim, J. Scott Smith Jan 1999

Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Ground Beef, B.G. Abdulkarim, J. Scott Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

he natural antioxidant carnosine, moisture retention by covered cooking, and low temperature cooking were evaluated as ways to inhibit heterocyclic amine (HCA) formation in fried ground beef. Samples were fried at 375EF for 5 min/side, 300EF for 5 min/side, or 250EF for 8 min/side, with surface browning enhanced by applying a caramel solution (Maillose®) near the end of cooking times. Analysis for HCAs was performed on both the crust and the whole patties. Carnosine reduced 4,8-DiMelQx, a major HCA, to below its detection limit (.31 ng/g). HCAs were reduced when the cooking temperature was lowered from 375 to 300 or …

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Effects Of Post-Bleeding Vascular Infusion Of Cattle With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates Or With Calcium Chloride On Carcass Traits And Meat Palatability, T.E. Dobbels, Melvin C. Hunt, J.J. Schoenbeck, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1999

Effects Of Post-Bleeding Vascular Infusion Of Cattle With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates Or With Calcium Chloride On Carcass Traits And Meat Palatability, T.E. Dobbels, Melvin C. Hunt, J.J. Schoenbeck, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the effects of postexsanguination vascular infusion at 10% of live weight of a solution of sugars, sodium chloride, and phosphates (MPSC) or of calcium chloride on carcass traits and meat palatability. Dressing percentages were 4% higher for carcasses infused with the MPSC and 2.5 % higher for carcasses infused with calcium chloride than for controls. USDA quality grades were not affected by vascular infusion. Infusion with calcium chloride caused undesirable intermuscular fluid accumulation and two-toned color in several muscles. It also caused higher Warner- Bratzler shear values and lower trained sensory panel scores (P<.05). MPSC infusion may offer financial benefits by increasing dressing percent, but it has no other major effects.

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Color Stability Of Steaks From Carcasses Vascularly Infused Immediately After Exsanguination, Melvin C. Hunt, J.J. Schoenbeck, T.E. Dobbels, Michael E. Dikeman, Sally L. Stroda Jan 1999

Color Stability Of Steaks From Carcasses Vascularly Infused Immediately After Exsanguination, Melvin C. Hunt, J.J. Schoenbeck, T.E. Dobbels, Michael E. Dikeman, Sally L. Stroda

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Hereford x Angus carcasses were infused with a solution of either sugar/phosphate or calcium chloride immediately after exsanguination to determine effects on color stability during retail display. A calcium chloride solution darkened the cuts and reduced color stability. A sugar/phosphate blend made steaks appear lighter red (more desirable), and their color stability was equal to that of the noninfused control.

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Effects Of Post-Bleeding Vascular Infusion Of Cattle With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates With Or Without Vitamin C On Carcass Traits, Warner-Bratzler Shear Forces, And Patalability, E.J. Yancey, T.E. Dobbels, E. Katasanidis, Michael E. Dikeman, Edgar Chambers Iv Jan 1999

Effects Of Post-Bleeding Vascular Infusion Of Cattle With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates With Or Without Vitamin C On Carcass Traits, Warner-Bratzler Shear Forces, And Patalability, E.J. Yancey, T.E. Dobbels, E. Katasanidis, Michael E. Dikeman, Edgar Chambers Iv

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two groups of grain-finished, crossbred Charolais steers were utilized to determine the effects of post-bleeding vascular infusion on dressing percentages, USDA quality and yield grades, Warner-Bratzler shear force values, and flavor. Nine steers from one group of 18 were infused with a solution containing sugars, sodium chloride, and a phosphate blend (MPSC), and the remaining nine steers served as noninfused controls. Nine in the second slaughter group of 18 were MPSC-infused, and nine were infused with the MPSC solution plus 500 ppm vitamin C (MPSC+C). The MPSC cattle had a 2.9% higher mean dressing percentage (P<.05) than control cattle. Vascular infusion had no effect (P>.05) on Warner-Bratzler shear …

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Evaluations Of Beef Tenderness By Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, A Descriptive-Texture Profile Sensory Panel, And A Descriptive Attribute Sensory Panel, M.M. Otremba, Edgar Chambers Iv, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Sally L. Stroda, John A. Unruh Jan 1999

Evaluations Of Beef Tenderness By Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, A Descriptive-Texture Profile Sensory Panel, And A Descriptive Attribute Sensory Panel, M.M. Otremba, Edgar Chambers Iv, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Sally L. Stroda, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

his study examined interrelationships among Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), evaluation by a highly trained descriptive-texture- profile (DTP) sensory panel, and evaluation by a trained descriptive attribute (DA) sensory panel as affected by muscle fiber orientation of samples. Eighteen longissimus lumborum and 18 semitendinosus muscles from Choice and Select carcasses were cut into 1- inch steaks and cooked to 150EF. Cores were obtained by two methods (parallel to the muscle fiber orientation and perpendicular to the cut steak surface) for WBSF determinations. Cubes ½ x ½ x 1 in. were presented to the DTP and DA sensory panels. Cores taken parallel …

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Modeled, Multistage Convection Cooking Of Beef Semitendinosus Roasts To Denature Collagen And To Optimize Tenderness, T.H. Powell, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1999

Modeled, Multistage Convection Cooking Of Beef Semitendinosus Roasts To Denature Collagen And To Optimize Tenderness, T.H. Powell, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In order to predict and establish cooking times and temperatures of beef to optimize tenderness and cooked yield, a computer model was developed utilizing heat and mass transfer theories. We cooked beef semitendinosus (eye of round) roasts in a forced-air convection oven using conventional or modeled, multistaged cooking. Conventional cooking was defined as cooking at 325EF to a core endpoint of 150EF. The model method was developed using a computer algorithm that predicted heat and moisture (mass) transfer during a three-stage cooking process that included preheating, holding, and finishing. The model was accurate in predicting actual cooking times and temperatures …

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Use Of Linear Measurements In A Regression Equation To Predict Ribeye Area, A.T. Waylan, R.E. Campbell, John A. Unruh Jan 1999

Use Of Linear Measurements In A Regression Equation To Predict Ribeye Area, A.T. Waylan, R.E. Campbell, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty beef carcasses were used to test the accuracy of three regression equations to predict ribeye area (REA) and to compare several strategies to rapidly estimate REAs. Linear measurements, USDA grids, and Video Image Analysis (VIA) were used to determine REA from both right and left carcass sides. Ribeye areas measured by USDA grids and estimated by regression equations were highly correlated (r>.94) with REA measured by VIA. Regression equations using linear measurements and USDA grids were equally (P=.73) accurate in predicting VIA REA. Furthermore, REA from either the left or the larger (right or left) carcass sides accurately …

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Runoff Compliance For Kansas Cattle Feedlots, James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1999

Runoff Compliance For Kansas Cattle Feedlots, James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As the demand grows for cleaner water, feedlots will need to reduce and control the nutrient and sediment loading of runoff. Existing confined feedlots will need to evaluate their runoff potential. Costs of controlling the runoff must be weighed against new lot construction on an alternate location. New feedlot facilities will need to address current regulations and be designed for compliance with future regulations.

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Sources Of Variability In Fed-Cattle Grid Pricing, J.L. Graff, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1999

Sources Of Variability In Fed-Cattle Grid Pricing, J.L. Graff, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Price variability among carcasses increases with a change from live-weight to dressedweight to grid pricing. Grid pricing has the largest price variability, because the price for each carcass is influenced by all of the components of the grid, rather than all cattle selling for the same live or dressed price. Therefore, producers selling on a grid need to have knowledge about the expected carcass merit of their cattle. We used data on 11,703 head of cattle to determine which grid pricing components influence price variability the most and to measure how much price variability increases from grid pricing, relative to …

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An Efficiency Analysis Of Cattle Backgrounding Operations In Kansas, L. Gow, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 1999

An Efficiency Analysis Of Cattle Backgrounding Operations In Kansas, L. Gow, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As the structure of the beef industry changes, understanding its efficiency, cost, and profitability relationships is important. This study evaluates the relative efficiency of a sample of Kansas farm backgrounding and backgrounding/finishing operations for 1995- 1997. No commercial feeders were included. On average, backgrounding operations were 71% technically efficient, 68% allocatively efficient, 83% scale efficient, and 39% overall efficient. The results suggest that Kansas backgrounding operations could reduce their cost by 61%, if all farms were producing at the lowest possible cost. On average, backgrounding/finishing operations were 84% technically efficient, 79% allocatively efficient, 90% scale efficient, and 60% overall efficient, …

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Evaluation Of Springtime Deworming Strategies For Beef Cow/Calf Pairs, M.L. Pfeifer, J.C. Baker, J.T. Seeger, Dale A. Blasi, Glenn E. Newdigger Jr. Jan 1999

Evaluation Of Springtime Deworming Strategies For Beef Cow/Calf Pairs, M.L. Pfeifer, J.C. Baker, J.T. Seeger, Dale A. Blasi, Glenn E. Newdigger Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A field study was conducted at three different locations in south central Kansas to determine the effects of Dectomax® (DECTO) or Ivomec PO® (IVO) compared to no treatment (CONT) on the liveweight gain and reproductive performance of beef cow/calf pairs. Across all three locations, no differences occurred among treatments in cow and calf live weight gain, cow body condition, pregnancy rate, or age of fetus (P>.05). Low egg counts suggest that the parasite load was too low for a response to parasite control.

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Synchronizing Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers Using Select Synch, Mga, And Pgf2, G.C. Lamb, J.A. Cartmill, B.A. Hensley, S. El-Zarkouny, J.S. Heldt, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1999

Synchronizing Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers Using Select Synch, Mga, And Pgf2, G.C. Lamb, J.A. Cartmill, B.A. Hensley, S. El-Zarkouny, J.S. Heldt, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Select Synch protocol (GnRH at day - 7, PGF2 at day 0, AI at detected heat) was compared to protocols using either MGA + prostaglandin (Colorado system) or two injections of prostaglandin to synchronize estrus in replacement heifers at three locations. Percentage of heifers detected in heat before, during, or after the target breeding week was not different among treatments but varied in percentages among locations. Overall conception rates ranged from 64 to 69%. Pregnancy rates varied from 46 to 56% and tended to be greatest in the MGA + PGF2" treatment. Costs of these treatments ranged from $3.50 …

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Vegetative Filters For Improving Environmental Quality, P.K. Kalita, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1999

Vegetative Filters For Improving Environmental Quality, P.K. Kalita, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nonpoint source pollution from agricultural areas has been recognized as a major contributor of surface and groundwater quality problems. Sediments, pesticide and nutrient runoffs, and microbial pathogens from farmlands may severely affect quality of water resources. A majority of Kansas river basins contains high concentrations of fecal coliforms, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediments. The use of vegetative filters strips (VFS) has been identified as one of the best management practices to reduce pollutant concentrations in surface water sources. Vegetation planted between pollutant sources and receiving water accomplishes this by filtration, deposition, infiltration, adsorption, volatilization, plant uptake, and decomposition processes. The effectiveness …

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Prevalence Of Ocular Lesions In Cattle From A Kansas Sale Barn, H.J. Davidson, Gerald L. Stokka, Tom Taul Jan 1999

Prevalence Of Ocular Lesions In Cattle From A Kansas Sale Barn, H.J. Davidson, Gerald L. Stokka, Tom Taul

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This cross-sectional evaluation of cattle from a sale barn was completed to identify the prevalence of ocular lesions. A total of 100 cattle (91 cows and 9 bulls) was examined as they were being processed through a Kansas sale barn. Ocular lesions were found in 47%. The most frequently identified lesions were corneal scars, found in 26%. Although the exact cause of the scars could not be determined, they were similar in appearance to scars caused by infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) or pinkeye. The second most common lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), identified in 14%. Cataracts were identified in …

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