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The George-Anne

The George-Anne

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Electoral Outcomes And Cross-Party Relationships On Affective Polarization, Jenna Pedersen

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores several under-studied aspects of affective polarization through four chapters. The first chapter discusses the history of polarization research and the measurement challenges facing polarization scholars. The second chapter analyzes how electoral outcomes differentially influence Democrats' and Republicans' inparty, outparty, and general affect. I find that winning elections affects both outparty and inparty attitudes, but the size and direction of these effects varies by party: electoral success reduces Republicans' inparty affect, but for Democrats success reduces outparty affect. The third and fourth chapters contain survey experiment data measuring the effects of cross-partisan relationships. I find that positive relationships …

Defining Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: Recommendations From The Isbd Task Force, Eduard Vieta, Roger S Mcintyre, Trisha Suppes, Tamsyn E Van Rheenen, Balwinder Singh, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Allan H Young, Lakshmi N Yatham, Kyooseob Ha, Michael Berk, Holly A Swartz, Chantal Henry, Maja Pantovic Stefanovic, Gerard Anmella Diaz, Aysegul Ozerdem, Wiesław J Cubała, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Mauricio Tohen, Isabella Pacchiarotti, Paula Villela Nunes, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Paolo Brambilla, Robert Post, Jair C Soares, Michael Bauer, Ana C Andreazza, Xavier Justes Fradera, Montserrat Cosials-Lopez, Giovanna Fico

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Despite the availability of approved treatments, a substantial proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD), characterized by persistent depressive symptoms unresponsive to standard therapies. However, a universally accepted definition of TRBD is lacking. This consensus document, developed by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force on TRBD, aims to provide a standardized definition of TRBD to facilitate clinical trials, research, and treatment strategies.

Methods: The Task Force employed a literature review, clinical trials analysis, and expert consensus meetings to define TRBD.

Results: TRBD was defined as the failure to achieve a significant and …

Defining Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: Recommendations From The Isbd Task Force, Eduard Vieta, Roger S Mcintyre, Trisha Suppes, Tamsyn E Van Rheenen, Balwinder Singh, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak, Allan H Young, Lakshmi N Yatham, Kyooseob Ha, Michael Berk, Holly A Swartz, Chantal Henry, Maja Pantovic Stefanovic, Gerard Anmella Diaz, Aysegul Ozerdem, Wiesław J Cubała, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Mauricio Tohen, Isabella Pacchiarotti, Paula Villela Nunes, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, Paolo Brambilla, Robert Post, Jair C Soares, Michael Bauer, Ana C Andreazza, Xavier Justes Fradera, Montserrat Cosials-Lopez, Giovanna Fico

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Despite the availability of approved treatments, a substantial proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD), characterized by persistent depressive symptoms unresponsive to standard therapies. However, a universally accepted definition of TRBD is lacking. This consensus document, developed by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force on TRBD, aims to provide a standardized definition of TRBD to facilitate clinical trials, research, and treatment strategies.

Methods: The Task Force employed a literature review, clinical trials analysis, and expert consensus meetings to define TRBD.

Results: TRBD was defined as the failure to achieve a significant and …

The Impact Of Tuition Assistance On Employee Retention: Cybersecurity Employee Perceptions Of National Security Agency’S College Tuition Assistance Program, Marta I. Benitez-Guzman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

U.S. employers spend considerable sums on employee skill development, including investments in college tuition assistance programs (CTAP). Based on a review of recent literature, measuring employer return on investment can be difficult. The literature contained varying results on the effectiveness of employer-provided incentives on retention decisions and provided insufficient empirical or evaluative data on employee perceptions and the influence on retention. The purpose of this qualitative evaluative case study was to examine how cybersecurity employees at the National Security Agency (NSA) who participated in CTAP (2019–2023) perceived the program's effect on their career development and retention decisions. The theoretical framework …

Servant Leadership’S Influence On Job Satisfaction And Personal Well-Being Of Teleworking Employees, Michael Cottam

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Employees who suffer from telework often experience physical and psychological isolation, anxiety, loss of sleep, stressors, and burnout. The availability of digital spaces with advancements in information and communication technologies has created a trend of accepting teleworking in many job functions and industries. Managing these digital teams following the enhanced deployment of telework during the years affected by COVID-19 is a primary concern to prevent poor working conditions and deteriorating mental health for teleworking employees. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction and personal well-being of teleworking employees in …

Lived Experiences Of Newly Graduated Social Workers Transitioning Into The Field Of Child Protective Services, Chantrese Oliver

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lived Experiences of Newly Graduated Social Workers Transitioning Into the Field of Child Protective Services by Chantrese Oliver MPhil, Walden University, 2024 MS, Walden University, 2014 AA, National Paralegal College, 2012 BS, Fayetteville State University, 2010 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University August 2025

Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Healthcare Providers In Addressing The Care Needs Of Individuals Who Identify As Lgbtqia+ : A Mixed-Method Study, Seda Karakaya Çataldaş, J. Anneke Rummens, Erin Ziegler, Fahriye Olfaz, Esra Ummak, C. Hürrem Ayhan

Sigma Foundation for Nursing Research Grant Reports

This mixed-methodological study explores the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers (HCPs) and also gathers and analyzes their narrative experiences addressing the care needs of individuals who self-identify as LGBTQIA+. A s ociodemographic form, Knowledge and Practices to Address the Care Needs of LGBTQIA+ Individual Survey, and the Implicit Association T est ( Sexuality IAT and Transpictures IAT) were used as to collect quantitative data from 278 nurses and physicians. S emi-structured in-depth interviews were then held with 15 of these study participants.Quantitative findings revealed slight implicit attitudes favoring heterosexual and cisgender individuals, with education level and personal connections …

Launch Fast Learn Fast: Lessons Learned From The R5-S2 And R5-S4 Missions, James Berck, Sam Pedrotty, Jack Wisbiski, Morgan Alexander, Kathryn Knesek, Ruth May, Jacob Nunez-Kearny, Rob Stoddard, Thomas Kirven, Robin Onsay, Roger Hunter

Small Satellite Conference

The Realizing Rapid, Reduced-cost high-Risk Research (R5) project is pushing the envelope on minimizing cost and schedule for complex spacecraft that support low Technology Readiness Level payload demonstration in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). R5 has recently designed, built, launched, and operated multiple spacecraft that are iteratively and incrementally delivering improved payload hosting capabilities while maintaining cost targets (< $100k in materials per bus) and schedule targets (launching at least two spacecraft per year). This paper will describe the unique architecture, approach, technological advancements, and lessons learned from the project. The primary stakeholder for R5 is the Small Spacecraft Technology program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate at NASA with the project based out of Johnson Space Center.

To achieve the aggressive cost and schedule targets, R5 is redefining the understanding of how much rigor, quality, and robustness are required to succeed in high-risk LEO missions. Starting with a clean-slate for process and system design, R5 has charted a path, …

Review Of Microgravity Biotechnology For Space Applications: The Anujiva Perspective, Saranya Ravva, Yukti Makkar, Abeneth Ramachandran, Sai Kiran Parre

Small Satellite Conference

Biomanufacturing in microgravity presents transformative opportunities for biotechnology beyond the limitations of terrestrial environments. Gravity-driven convection, sedimentation, and contamination risks often hinder biological productivity on Earth. In contrast, space-based conditions enhance protein crystallization, three-dimensional cell culture, and the production of novel biomaterials. This review synthesizes recent advancements in microgravity-enabled biotechnology, drawing from recent peer-reviewed literature and mission data.

We focus on the emerging field of autonomous bioreactor systems for space applications, emphasizing innovations in miniaturization, closed-loop environmental control, and real-time sensing. As a representative case study, we examine the AnuJIVA initiative, a CubeSat-based platform engineered for cultivating microorganisms such as …

A Place For Ancient Philosophy In Axial Age Historiography, John R. Shook

Comparative Philosophy

Long-standing debates over historiographical approaches to the Axial Age have distracted the history of philosophy from its own disciplined inquiry into the breadth and depth of ancient thought beyond the Greeks. The philosopher Karl Jaspers offered a vista for seeing commonalities among ancient innovations and discerning continuities along history to modern times. That dual agenda divided Axial historiography with the question of whether axiality reflects creativities of ancient systems or have modern reflections created images of axiality. A singular chronology for humanity encourages a mode of philosophical history open to providential designs, epochal turns, spiritual evolutions, psychological leaps, or cognitive …

Moral And Ethical Nature In Confucian Liang-Zhi And Islamic Fitra: Comparative Perspectives On Innate Morality, Yanrong Shi

Comparative Philosophy

This article offers a comparative philosophical analysis of Confucian liang-zhi (innate moral knowledge) and Islamic fitra(primordial nature), focusing on their accounts of innate morality and moral epistemology. Drawing on classical Confucian sources—especially the praxis-oriented interpretation of Wang Yangming—and foundational Islamic texts and commentary, the study demonstrates that both traditions posit an inborn moral faculty grounding ethical universality and responsibility. Wang Yangming’s liang-zhi is conceived as an innate moral principle that, under the imperative of zhi (to actualize or extend), is continually activated through moral practice. In parallel, fitra is understood as a God-given orientation to truth, cultivated and safeguarded through …

The Conventional Emptiness Of Human Beings: Reviewing Archer’S Theory Of Agency Through Nagarjuna’S Looking Glass, Federico Podestà

Comparative Philosophy

Margaret Archer is probably the critical realist who has most significantly affected the debate around the relationship between social structure and agency. In the volume, Being Human: The Problem of Agency, she aims to better define what is meant by the properties and causal powers of agency itself, i.e., self-consciousness and reflexivity. In this paper, this theoretical attempt is reviewed through the critical standpoint of Nagarjuna. Nagarjuna’s philosophy appears to be a particularly compelling tool for criticizing Archer’s theory. Claiming the emptiness of everything, the founder of the Buddhist Madhyamaka school provides a critical perspective for revising the distinctiveness of …

Reassessing The Deontological Undercurrents In Mo Zi’S Ethical Thought, Nuno Miranda

Comparative Philosophy

This article reexamines Mo Zi’s ethical philosophy, challenging the dominant interpretation of Mohism as a purely consequentialist or proto-utilitarian system. While Mo Zi’s emphasis on social utility—such as material welfare, population growth, and aversion to warfare—aligns with outcome-oriented reasoning, I argue that his invocation of the will of Heaven introduces a deontological dimension. Heaven’s will serves not merely as a heuristic for maximizing benefits but as an absolute moral standard, demanding adherence to duties like universal love and non-aggression, irrespective of immediate practical gains. Through a close reading of the Mo-Zi corpus, this study reveals a hybrid ethical framework that …

How Theravāda Buddhism Enriches The Language Of Thought Hypothesis: Beyond Syntax, Juanjuan Cheng, Sumanasara Sandamadulle

Comparative Philosophy

The Language of Thought Hypothesis (LOTH) posits that mental states operate through a language-like representational system physically implemented in the brain. However, this purely symbolic approach faces a significant limitation: certain mental phenomena—such as intuitions, emotions, and intentions—lack the syntactically compositional structure required by LOTH and therefore cannot be adequately explained within its symbolic framework. To address this theoretical challenge, we turn to Theravāda Buddhism (TB), an early Buddhist tradition that integrates rigorous philosophical inquiry with meditative practice. Remarkably, TB began to prefigure a solution to LOTH’s limitations over 2,300 years ago. Although LOTH and TB differ …

Improving Equity In Financial Aid Policy For Students With Disabilities, Ryan S. Wells, S. Kate Farmer, Morgan D. Woroner

Journal of Student Financial Aid

Disabled college students face significant barriers to degree completion, including systemic inequities in financial aid policies. This Issue Article investigates financial aid policies that unfairly limit aid to disabled students, at times forcing them to choose between maximizing their financial aid and the recommended accommodations to which they have a legal right, such as a reduced courseload. We highlight how current policies, including Pell Grant proration, Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) requirements, and lifetime funding caps, create financial and administrative burdens that disproportionately affect disabled students. By examining federal and state-level policy responses, we identify both promising practices and persistent gaps …

Advancing Literacy Instruction: Bridging Evidence-Based And Culturally Responsive Practices To Serve All Learners, Jamie L. Nord

The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning

As Minnesota's student population becomes increasingly diverse, persistent literacy achievement gaps among students of color, multilingual learners, and students from low-income backgrounds demand urgent attention. While the state's READ Act mandates structured, evidence-based literacy instruction grounded in the Science of Reading, its successful implementation must not overshadow the equally vital need for culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy. This white paper argues for a comprehensive, dual-framework approach that integrates both evidence-based literacy practices and culturally affirming instructional strategies

Unlocking Reading Success: Addressing The Literacy Crisis In The United States, Jennifer Kaczrowski-Taylor

The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning

This white paper addresses the literacy crisis in the United States. Currently, in the educational system, millions of children lack access to research-based reading instruction and, as a result, struggle to become proficient readers. Despite decades of academic and reform efforts, national reading achievement has been declining. This literacy crisis can be traced back to outdated or inconsistent instructional practices, socioeconomic background, lack of research-based instructional curricula, as well as inconsistent and ineffective implementation of these approaches. Based on recent research and national data, this white paper advocates for aligning teacher education and professional development with the Science of Reading. …

An Exploratory Study Of Soft Skills Development Expectations In Two-Year Generation Z College Students, Kelli Hallsten Erickson

The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning

Workplace demands around competent demonstration of soft skills have been steadily increasing; therefore, institutions of higher education have started focusing attention on instilling these skills within their student populations. The latest generational cohort to enter college and the workforce, Generation Z, has only recently begun to be studied for the impact of its members’ attitudes towards work and how those might change employer expectations around soft skills. A research gap exists, however, regarding students in Generation Z attending two-year schools and which soft skills they feel are most valuable to their future careers. This study sought to explore those attitudes …

Quarcs Light: Validation Of An Abbreviated Assessment Of Undergraduate Numeracy And Mathematics Affect, Isaac S. Rosenthal, Kate Follette, Vonna L. Hemmler, Catherine Sarosi, Sanlyn Buxner, Erin Galyen, Margaret Shea, Soon-Young Shimizu, Brendan Seto

Numeracy

In this study, we present evidence for the validity of a shortened form of the Quantitative Reasoning for College Science (QuaRCS) Assessment, a validated instrument assessing the numeracy and math-related affect of undergraduate students in general education/introductory science courses. Previously published analyses of QuaRCS data revealed that 1) roughly 30% of students found the assessment boring, leading to lower self-reported effort and 2) affective factors (e.g. numerical self-efficacy) were significant predictors of QuaRCS score. As a result, we reduced the length of the assessment from 25 to 15 quantitative items, and expanded the affective variable selection from three to eight …

Female Sexual Offenders: An Underrecognized, Underreported, And Underresearched Population, Chelsea H. Henry

Master of Arts in Human Services

This paper explored female sexual offenders and described how their crimes are underrecognized, underreported, and underresearched. Women commit part of all sexual crimes against children, although prevalence rates are hotly debated. Research demonstrates that female offenders are often their victims' mothers, caregivers, or other relatives. This societal role leads to difficulty in recognizing that this type of abuse exists. Media portrayals often cast female offenders in the role of victims themselves or cast the abuse in a positive light. Females are often the producers of online child sex abuse material, and more research is needed on this understudied topic as …

Campus Dialogue Guidebook 2025, Chloe Cairncross, Christopher P. Davey, Charles Guenther, James Kang, Bryce Lambright, Layla Modlin, Wai Wai Nu, Frank Okyere Osei, Diane Tayong, Leah Wardlaw

Monographs and Open Access Books

This guidebook's purpose is to understand and address the potential of dialogue for our Binghamton campus community. It shares the background of dialogue on campus, describes case studies of dialogue work on campus, offers “things to do,” and finally suggests some ways of measuring effective dialogue. This guidebook is written primarily by students, and for students to use. Students at Binghamton University are our primary audience. The principles in this guidebook may be applicable across other campuses in similar environments. This guidebook is put together in a way that shows what kind of dialogue has been happening and not happening, …

Assessing The Impact Of Structural And Interpersonal Gendered Racism On Sexual And Reproductive Healthcare Among U.S. Women Of Color, Kimberly Muellers

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

Dating During Covid-19 For Immunocompromised And Non-Immunocompromised Individuals: The Impact Of Physical Health Status On Precautionary Dating Behaviors, Julia Baer

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

Virtual Village: The Relationship Between Social Media Use And Parental Self-Efficacy In The Orthodox Jewish Community, Ephrem Wagner

ETD Collection

No abstract provided.

The Experiences Of Middle School Students In A Career And Character-Focused Curriculum: A Phenomenological Study, Don J. Hoover

ATU Theses and Dissertations 2021 - Present

THE EXPERIENCES OF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN A CAREER

AND CHARACTER-FOCUSED CURRICULUM:

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Don Jason Hoover

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of former middle school students who participated in a two-year character development, career readiness, and leadership program implemented in a public junior high school. Guided by Bandura’s social learning theory, the study focused on how students experienced and internalized the program’s components, which included leadership training, social learning activities, and college and career readiness preparation. The research was conducted using semistructured interviews with 10 participants who had completed the …

Foster Kinship Program Evaluation, Eduardo Cabral-Terrazas, Jamilah Mcgrue, Andrea Rangelova, Jeffrey Vanderlaan

Public Policy and Leadership Theses & Dissertations

Foster Kinship, a Nevada-based nonprofit, operates under the belief that “When children cannot be with their parents, they should be with their family” (Foster Kinship, 2022). It supports kinship caregivers, who often take in children during a crisis, in navigating the foster care system. The organization’s Kinship Navigator Program offers training, case management, and licensing support to kinship caregivers, enabling them to access financial assistance and other benefits. However, many caregivers who complete the training do not finish the licensing process, limiting placement stability and access to resources for the children. Understanding why kinship caregivers trained through the Foster Kinship …

August 12, 2025 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Autism Awareness Training For Law Enforcement Officers: A Pilot Study, Kaylie Holke, Meghan Cosier, Elissa Green Kaustinen, Cathy Scherer, Andrew Wall

Education Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to pilot a research-based autism training session for law enforcement officers (LEOs), test the Police Self-Efficacy for Autism (PSEA) scale as a measurement tool for the session and provide a preliminary examination of brief training. Design/methodology/approach

This study utilized a pre-post survey approach in which participants completed the PSEA scale pre- and post-training to measure the relationship between the training and self-efficacy scores. Findings

Results show a positive relationship between brief autism-specific training and officers’ self-efficacy scores across items and subscales. All four subscales and seven of thirteen items demonstrated statistical significance. Originality/value …

Shared And Distinct Alterations In Brain Structure Of Youth With Internalizing Or Externalizing Disorders: Findings From The Enigma Antisocial Behavior, Adhd, Mdd, And Anxiety Working Groups, Sophie Townend, Marlene Staginnus, Yidian Gao, Nina Alexander, Volker Arolt, Tobias Banaschewski, Mark A Bellgrove, Vivek Benegal, Robert J Blair, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Ole Jonas Boeken, Joscha Böhnlein, Sven Bölte, Linda M Bonnekoh, Daniel Brandeis, Rodrigo A Bressan, Fabian Breuer, Willem B Bruin, Jan K Buitelaar, Katie L Burkhouse, Monica E Calkins, Marta Cano, Narcis Cardoner, Hui Chen, Xianliang Chen, David R Coghill, Olivier F Colins, Colm G Connolly, Michael C Craig, Kathryn R Cullen, Udo Dannlowski, Christopher G Davey, Andrea Dietrich, Daifeng Dong, Christine M Freitag, Thomas Frodl, Liesbet Goossens, Dominik Grotegerd, Raquel E Gur, Ruben C Gur, Jan Haavik, Cindy C Hagan, Tim Hahn, Alfons O Hamm, Ben J Harrison, Catharina A Hartman, Martin J Herrmann, Tiffany C Ho, Pieter J Hoekstra, Bharath Holla, Karim Ibrahim, Andrea Jackowski, Hamidreza Jamalabadi, Yali Jiang, Tilo Kircher, Kerstin Konrad, Anna Kraus, Jonna Kuntsi, Till Langhammer, Luisa Lazaro, Elisabeth J Leehr, Ulrike Lueken, Ren Ma, Frank P Macmaster, Gisele G Manfro, Anne Martinelli, Hannah Meinert, Susanne Meinert, Jarosław M Michałowski, Qingsen Ming, Robert Moeck, Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi, Benson Mwangi, Janina Neufeld, Joel T Nigg, Ruth L O'Gorman Tuura, Hyuntaek Oh, Jaap Oosterlaan, Yannis Paloyelis, Pedro M Pan, Luca Passamonti, Wenceslao Peñate, K Luan Phan, Kerstin J Plessen, Jesus Pujol, Karl Lundin Remnélius, Francisco Rivero, Katya Rubia, Ramiro Salas, Giovanni A Salum, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Anne Schienle, Elisabeth Schrammen, Koen R J Schruers, Gunter Schumann, Arjun Sethi, Tim Silk, Norbert Skokauskas, Jordan Smoller, Jair C Soares, Lin Sørensen, Christina Stadler, Michael C Stevens, Benjamin Straube, Thomas Straube, Andreas Ströhle, Gustavo Sudre, Denis G Sukhodolsky, Kate Sully, Xiaoqiang Sun, Chad M Sylvester, Nicola Toschi, Steven J A Van Der Werff, Alasdair Vance, Robert Vermeiren, Albert Wabnegger, Xiaoping Wang, Julia Wendt, Sarah Whittle, Julian Wiemer, Anderson M Winkler, Hans U Wittchen, Mon-Ju Wu, Qiong Wu, Tony T Yang, Yunbo Yang, Shuqiao Yao, Jibiao Zhang, Jiansong Zhou, Andre Zugman, Giovana B Zunta-Soares, Peter M Zwanzger, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M Thompson, Kevin Hilbert, Arielle Baskin-Sommers, Charlotte A M Cecil, Moji Aghajani, Daniel S Pine, Nic J A Van Der Wee, Dan J Stein, Nynke A Groenewold, Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Laura K M Han, Elena Pozzi, Lianne Schmaal, Barbara Franke, Martine Hoogman, Esther Walton, Stephane A De Brito, Graeme Fairchild, Enigma Antisocial Behavior, Anxiety, Adhd, And Mdd Working Groups

Staff and Researcher Publications

BACKGROUND: Externalizing and internalizing disorders are common in youth but are often studied separately, preventing researchers from identifying shared (i.e., transdiagnostic) alterations in brain structure. Using data from the ENIGMA Consortium, we conducted a mega-analysis to identify shared and distinct cortical and subcortical brain alterations across internalizing (anxiety disorders and depression) and externalizing disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and conduct disorder [CD]) in youth.

METHODS: 3D T1-weighted MRI data from youth (aged 4-21 years) with anxiety disorders (n=1,044), depression (n=504), ADHD (n=1,317), and CD (n=1,172), along with healthy controls (n=4,743) were analyzed. We assessed group differences in regional cortical thickness, surface …