Digital Commons Network^™

Design Of A Maintenance Protocol Based On Bipolar Neutrosophic Analysis For Severe Depression, Karina Alejandra Álvarez Lino

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Severe depression has been one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and maintains a high risk of relapses even after successful treatment, especially in medium-sized cities in Latin America. Therefore, this study focused on the design of a clinical maintenance protocol based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), aimed at young adults residing in Ambato, Ecuador, who had previously received Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). To this end, a bipolar neutrosophic analysis of depression was conducted to determine the attributes that impact the identified patients and define the design of the proposal. The designed protocol was structured into eight group sessions, …

Analysis Of The Prevalence Of Dissociative Identity Disorder Using Neutrosophic Plithogenic Statistics, Verónica Elizabeth Saltos Paz, Tanya Elizabeth Borja Pante, Gloria Madaly Plasencia Álvarez, Milena Rodríguez Salcedo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is one of the most enigmatic, intricate issues of contemporary psychiatry. It is challenging to assess how prevalent it is and what diagnosis means because dissociative identity disorder is a complicated disorder that manifests differently across populations. Yet when the disorder can be analyzed with statistically significant results from solid populations, critical advances in disorder awareness, treatment, and quality of life for those with IDD exist. Yet the literature does not provide such a statistical approach that will process uncertainty and vagueness based upon clinical observation of persons with DID. Therefore, this research attempts to apply …

Evaluating Community Satisfaction With Cultural Educational Projects Through Neutrosophic Plithogenic Iadov, Claudia Yadira Cuenca Macas, Jack Franck Jaramillo Herrera, Isaac Roger Martinez, Rudy Garcia Cobas, Nayade Caridad Reyes Palau

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study addresses the gap of assessing the Kawymeno indigenous community's satisfaction with an interdisciplinary teaching project which was designed to enhance cultural identity for these children at risk of cultural loss due to other identity-possessing persons' facilitation. Preservation of cultural identity is important because with indigenous people and non-indigenous persons, for example, globalization might facilitate the loss of the ancestral tongue and age-old activities, thus, it's important to know whether such communities approve or not of such teaching endeavors. Relative to the international findings about intercultural education, very few studies exist that assess the phenomenon from a multicultural perspective …

Neutrosophic Psychological Profiles In Habeas Corpus: An Analysis Of Judicial Indeterminacy, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Kevin Luis Flores Vega, Josselyn Bryggitte Vilela Verdezoto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates the psychological influences, particularly indeterminacy, on judges' and lawyers' decisions regarding habeas corpus, an area underexplored in legal psychology which traditionally focuses on cognitive bias and emotional processing. Employing Neutrosophic Psychology, the research utilized semi-structured interviews and neutrosophic questionnaires with 60 legal practitioners to analyze their levels of acceptance, rejection, and indeterminacy. The findings reveal significant indeterminacy in granting or denying habeas corpus, fueled by a persistent tension between sympathetic and conservative leanings. Key impactful variables identified include existential factors, social pressures, and personal values. Ultimately, the study validates Neutrosophic Psychology as an applicable framework in the …

Digital Divide In Latin America: A Multivariate And Neutrosophic Delphi Analysis For Inclusion And Public Policy, Cristian Cornejo Gaete, Viviana Tartakowsky Pezoa, Claudio Ruff Escobar, Jaime Zañartu Reyes

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study examines access to digital connectivity in Latin America, highlighting both progress and persistent structural inequalities. In the context of the pandemic, the internet has consolidated its position as an essential tool for daily life, highlighting deep gaps between countries, urban and rural areas, and different socioeconomic groups. Using the graphical multivariate HJ-Biplot method, complemented by a Neutrosophic Delphi approach to model indeterminacies in digital inclusion policies, the research question is addressed: How are Latin American and Caribbean countries grouped according to their level of access to digital connectivity, considering socioeconomic, age, ¿and geographic differences? The hypothesis guiding this …

Predictive Model Of School Dropout In Higher Education Through Learning Analytics With Neutrosophic Plithogenic Hypotheses, David Núñez, Purificación Galindo-Villardón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Higher education dropout rates are an international problem, as many people abandon their studies, especially in the early years. This problem affects institutions, causing significant losses. In this context, it is essential to consider methods that allow for predicting dropout rates and taking rapid and effective measures. Objective: The main objective is to analyze prediction models using Learning Analytics, integrating neutrosophic plithogenic hypotheses, to identify early the risk of dropout in higher education. This provides institutions with useful tools to implement actions that help retain more students, considering uncertainty and complex interactions between academic and non-academic factors. Methodology: The method …

Determination Of The Socio-Emotional Consequences Of Visible Pigmentary Alterations Using Neutrosophic Owa-Topsis, Varna Hernández Junco, Zenia Batista Castro, Regla Cristina Valdés Cabodevilla, Vivian González Aguilar, Leslie Cardet Carballosa

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study addresses the socioemotional consequences of visible pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo and melasma, a problem that profoundly affects individuals' quality of life. The relevance of this research lies in the growing need to understand how these dermatological conditions influence self-esteem, social interactions, and psychological well-being, especially in diverse cultural contexts. Although existing literature has explored these impacts, it lacks approaches that integrate the uncertainty and subjectivity inherent in human experiences. To fill this gap, a PRISMA-based systematic review was conducted, analyzing articles from PubMed, Scielo, and Scopus (2015–2025), and the neutrosophic OWA-TOPSIS method was employed, which combines weighted …

Formative Uncertainty And Community Perception In Social Engagement Projects Using Neutrosophic Z Numbers, Carlos Vélez, Carla Espinoza, Manuel Espinoza, Fabrizzio Andrade Zamora, Óscar José Alejo Machado

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This research addresses the gap of measuring social learning of social community projects, a controversial topic stemming from the subjectivity of all involved actors. It's a relevant topic because eventually, all community projects will need to be assessed for effective educational and social gains to ensure meaningful existence for sustainability purposes. However, the literature does not provide such assessments because actions are fuzzy or blended with communities and non-deterministic learning outcomes. This research attempts to assess the measurement of social learning of social community projects using Neutrosophic Z Numbers to bring uncertainty into the measurement equation. Beginning with a proposed …

Https://Fs.Unm.Edu/Nss/Nss-89-2025-Sia.Pdf, Florentin Smarandache, Ma Kel Leyva Vázquez, Mohamed Abdel-Basset

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Exploring Impacts Of Diversity Ideologies On Allyship (Intergroup Responsiveness), Fiona Nguyen

Dissertations and Theses

Colorblindness and multiculturalism are widely studied diversity ideologies that reflect prominent attitudes about how diversity should be understood and managed, as they can help predict individual behavior. Colorblindness proposes that distinct group identities should be ignored, and can be used to exclude minoritized groups and downplay racial minorities' experiences, whereas multiculturalism embraces and values group differences, can foster inclusive environments for minority groups, and leads to positive intergroup outcomes such as reduced prejudice. Despite much research dedicated to exploring the intergroup outcomes of diversity ideologies, few studies have examined their impacts on specific interpersonal interactions, particularly allyship. Research has defined …

Sex Worker Stigma, Morality And Ambivalent Sexism, Emily Kate Kinzel

Dissertations and Theses

Sex worker stigma has received limited attention in psychological research. Although stigma is often theorized to relate to moral concerns, the relationship between stigma and moral concerns has not been empirically established. This study aims to address these gaps by developing a measurement tool for attitudes towards sex workers--specifically an implicit association test (IAT)--and explore the relationships between sex worker stigma, moral concerns, and ambivalent sexism. Mock policy questions on the criminalization and punishment of sex workers were also included to approximate behavioral intentions of participants. A cross-sectional correlational study of 168 community members found evidence that both moral concerns …

Professional Development Workshops For Faculty On Addressing Implicit Bias In Computer Science Education, Sandie Han, Diana Samaroo, Janet Liou-Mark, Boyan Kostadinov, Johann Thiel, Suhua Zeng

Publications and Research

The "Understanding Implicit Bias" workshops were offered to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) faculty at an urban minority-serving undergraduate institution with a focus on addressing the gender gap in computer science. The workshops aimed to raise awareness of implicit (unconscious) biases and provide practical strategies for addressing them, fostering a more inclusive classroom environment. Analysis of pre- and post-survey responses indicated an increase in participants' awareness of implicit biases in their discipline and a greater openness to taking steps to address them, suggesting the workshops' potential impact on promoting inclusive teaching practices.

Tutoring Online During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Use Of Critical Incidents To Improve Practice, A.E. Dreyfuss, Jose Armando Sanchez Diaz, Barakat Adigun, Helen Baraki, Thalyia Thompson

Publications and Research

Developing expertise in the practice of online tutoring is presented by peer tutors who provided support to students with synchronous sessions with the onset of COVID-19. The experiences and learning of peer tutors were probed through the use of critical incidents (Flanagan, 1954), and how weekly training meetings provided support to them, creating a collaboration among the tutors and the training manager.

Alterations In Region-Specific Gray Matter Volume Underlying Callous Unemotional Traits In Adolescents, Johannah Bashford-Largo, Ru Zhang, R James R Blair, Karina S Blair, Jaimie Elowsky, Matthew Dobbertin, Ahria J Dominguez, Melissa Hatch, Tyler Patrick, Sahil Bajaj

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits during adolescence, for example, shallow affect or lack of remorse, have been shown to be a risk marker for antisocial behavior. Only a few studies have investigated structural brain alterations underlying CU traits, and findings are inconclusive. The study examines CU symptomatology and gray matter volume (GMV) associations.

Methods: Structural brain MRI data were collected from a sample of 578 adolescents (60% male) with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD = 2.30; range = 10-19 years). CU traits were indexed via the Inventory for Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU). Region-wise volumetric parameters were obtained following parcellation …

Noise Law, Joshua Ulan Galperin

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The rumble of traffic, the drone of air conditioners, the blast of construction equipment. These are the mundane sources of noise pollution that we all experience but rarely think about. Or, if we do think about noise pollution, we don't think of it as a central piece of federal environmental law. This Article, however, demonstrates that noise law is, or was, central to American environmental law, and it offers insights into how environmental protection and administrative governance work today.

In the 1970s, during the height of environmental activism and policymaking, lawmakers recognized noise as a serious pollutant alongside issues we …

Phosphorylation At Serine 214 Correlates With Tau Seeding Activity In An Age-Dependent Manner In Two Mouse Models For Tauopathies And Is Required For Tau Transsynaptic Propagation, Pablo Martinez, Nur Jury-Garfe, Henika Patel, Yanwen You, Abigail Perkins, Yingjian You, Audrey Lee-Gosselin, Ruben Vidal, Cristian A Lasagna-Reeves

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

Tau aggregation and propagation are hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. The molecular identity and post-translational modifications that contribute to tau seeding activity remain incompletely understood.

Objective

To characterize the temporal dynamics of tau seeding activity and identify specific phosphorylated tau species associated with tau propagation in vivo.

Methods

We profiled tau seeding activity using a FRET-based biosensor cell line and correlated it with the abundance of phospho- and conformational tau species in two transgenic mouse models of tauopathy (P301S-1N4R and P301S-0N4R). Immunohistochemistry and subcellular fractionation were used to examine the spatial distribution of tau species. Functional …

Using Latent Patient-Centered Fear Extinction Profiles To Guide Treatment In Pediatric Ocd, Katherine M Ingram, Eric A Storch, Daniel A Geller, Brent J Small, Sabine Wilhelm, Joseph F Mcguire

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: While exposure with response prevention (ERP) is the frontline treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), not all patients benefit. Impairments in extinction learning are implicated in pediatric OCD's etiology and treatment, with impaired pre-treatment extinction learning associated with worse ERP outcomes. However, available methods for assessing patients' difficulties with fear extinction are costly and underdeveloped. In response, we used person-centered profiles to characterize latent fear extinction patterns among youth with OCD, and investigated the degree to which scores on common rating scales correspond to profile membership.

Methods: Youth with OCD (n=98) completed a diagnostic clinical battery followed by a …

Sustained Response To Pan-Braf Inhibitor Plixorafenib (Fore8394, Plx8394) In A Young Adult With Neurodegenerative Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Joanna S Yi, Kathleen S Mccarthy, Kate Mazur, Rebecca Kudlaty, Terry Armstrong, Nilesh Desai, Stacie Peacock Shepherd, Daniel Zinn, Jessica Velazquez, Brooks Scull, Carl Allen, Kenneth Mcclain

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Pfas Exposure And Postoperative Weight Regain In Adolescents After Bariatric Surgery: Findings From The Teen-Labs Study, Brittney O Baumert, Elizabeth Costello, Zhenjiang Li, Justin R Ryder, Thomas Inge, Todd Jenkins, Stephanie Sisley, Stavra A Xanthakos, Douglas I Walker, Nikos Stratakis, Damaskini Valvi, Scott M Bartell, Angela L Slitt, Rohit Kohli, Sarah Rock, Michele A La Merrill, Sandrah P Eckel, Max T Aung, Rob Mcconnell, David V Conti, Lida Chatzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Weight regain following bariatric surgery remains a clinical challenge, with limited understanding of contributing environmental factors. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent chemicals linked to metabolic dysfunction, may influence long-term weight trajectories. This study aimed to evaluate associations between PFAS exposure and changes in BMI, percent weight loss, and waist circumference among adolescents after bariatric surgery.

Methods: We included 186 adolescents (mean age: 17.1 years; 76.3% female; 72.0% White) from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) cohort who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2012. Anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline and 6, 12, 36, and 60 months post …

A Spanish-Language Adaptation Of The Brief Wisconsin Inventory Of Smoking Dependence Motives Among Mexican And Mexican-American Adults Who Smoke, Yessenia Castro, Jose E. Velasquez, Zully C. Guerra, Tatiana Londoño, John R. Moore, Nazanin M. Heydarian

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

Introduction: The smoking pattern of Latino smokers differs from non-Latino white smokers such that physical dependence may not be a strong motivator for smoking among Latinos. Multidimensional measures of dependence may be more useful, but there is a lack of psychometrically sound multidimensional Spanish-language measures. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Dependence Motives (Brief WISDM) for use among Spanish-speaking Latino smokers in the U.S.

Methods: 287 Spanish-speaking Mexican-origin smokers in the U.S. responded to a revised set of Spanish Brief WISDM items. Confirmatory factor analyses and model trimming procedures were …

Consumption Of Plant-Based Meat As An Alternative To Animal Meat: Empirical Evidence On Behavioral Intentions, Deena Al Kalbani, Mohammed Al Rizeiqi, M. R. Razzak, Ismail Al-Bulushi, Adil S. Al-Busaidi, I. Khan, P. Pathare

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences

Empirical evidence indicates that rising consumption of animal meat negatively could contribute to climate change and public health. As a result, meat alternatives such as plant-based meat (PBM) have emerged as a potential solution. However, there seems to be a dearth of insights regarding significant drivers of people’s behavioral intentions (BI) towards PBM. This study leverages the theory of planned behavior to determine whether attitude, social norms, and perceived behavioral control influence BI towards PBM. Survey data was collected from 380 respondents in Oman to test the relationships between the constructs in the research framework. The results indicated that attitude …

Covid's Impact On Our Youngest Learners, Scottie Ellsworth

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Amanda Obery, PhD; Wendie Castillo

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted education, leaving lasting effects on elementary students’ academic development, particularly in literacy and reading comprehension. This research investigated the long-term educational impacts of the pandemic by drawing on qualitative insights from interviews with five educators across a range of specializations, including general education, interventional support, and multilingual learning. Using inductive thematic analysis and descriptive coding, the study identified key themes that reflected shifts in academic achievement, student behavior, attendance, and school priorities post-pandemic. These findings illuminate critical areas where students require support and outline the structural, instructional, and …

Tassel Turning Versus Tossing In The Towel: An Analysis Of Undergraduate Student Persistence And Challenges, Josie Ambur

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Pamela McMullin-Messier, Bernadette Jungblut

Completing college is no easy feat. All higher education has barriers and obstacles students must face and overcome. Observations have been used to gather various student perspectives that have been compiled alongside research in the field to create a picture of what student barriers look like at Central Washington University specifically. Some of these barriers include navigating academic requirements, challenges with academic advisors, unique challenges first-generation students face, and financial challenges including balancing employment and academics. Within the personal lives of students, there are several internal factors that impact their success such as their …

Appropriate Blackness: Feminism, C.R.T, Marxism & Boxing, Olene Togiailua

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Cynthia Pengilly, PhD

Black people of the Progressive era were concerned with how to regulate their behavior to better their position in society. This research will examine the synthesis of gender performativity, critical race theory, Marxism, and psychoanalysis to create an assimilation identity strategy called “Appropriate Blackness” and how it is demonstrated through the sport of Boxing. The case study subject of all these different frameworks is the first Black Heavyweight champion of the world, Jack Johnson, who was the premier Black celebrity during the Progressive Era and thus an example for a specific gender strategy many working-class …

Emotion Recognition Accuracy With Fully Occluded Faces: Do Eye Gaze Patterns And Fixation Durations Shift When We're Wrong?​, Dominique Martinez-Driscoll, Michael Cicero, Malcolm Jasmin, Mary Radeke, Anthony Stahelski

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Mary Radeke, PhD; Anthony Stahelski, PhD

Prior research on facial expression recognition (FER) has shown that the use of face masks significantly impairs the ability to correctly identify facial expressions, especially those that engage the lower regions of the face such as disgust and anger (Carbon, 2020; McCrackin et al. 2022). Not only does FER accuracy decrease with a masked or occluded face, but gaze patterns also shift and dwell time increases from those areas that are covered (mouth) to areas uncovered (eyes) (Rabadan, et al. 2022). In situations where both eyes and mouth are covered, the gaze …

Optimizing Cybersecurity Through Ai Predictive Analytics And Human Expertise, Cathy Mae C. Dutong

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Hideki Takei, DBA

As cybersecurity threats evolve in complexity and scale, the reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent across both public and private sectors. This study examines the dual role of AI-driven predictive analytics in strengthening organizational cybersecurity, while addressing the ongoing need for human oversight. Through a mixed-method approach, combining survey data from cybersecurity professionals with an extensive literature review, this research analyzes AI's capacity to detect emerging threats, the systemic challenges associated with AI integration, and the indispensable role of human expertise in interpreting AI outputs. Findings indicate that while AI enhances proactive …

Characteristics Contributing To The Risk Of Diabulimia In Adults Living In The United States, Danielle Van Hout, Nicole Stendell-Hollis, Tafere Gebreegziabher Belay, Kelly Pritchett

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Nicole Stendell-Hollis, PhD, RDN; Tafere G Belay, PhD; Kelly Pritchett, PhD, RDN, CSSD

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors that contribute to the risk of diabulimia by using the validated Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R)¹ screening tool in adults living in the U.S., as well as to examine differences in individuals at-risk and not-at-risk for diabulimia. This observational study included a 30-question Qualtrics survey containing the DEPS-R distributed via various social media outlets and flyers on the CWU Ellensburg campus. Participants were required to be 18 years or older, diagnosed with …

Dependency In Romantic Relationships: Bloom’S Other In Ulysses, Lydia Smaciarz

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Christopher Schedler, PhD

James Joyce’s Ulysses explores themes of love, grief, religion, culture, and identity while following the journey of Leopold Bloom, a husband and father who has a problematic sense of Self. Bloom’s difficulty to find himself is prominently shown through his relationship with his wife, Molly, with whom he no longer has a healthy romantic relationship. Bloom reminisces on several memories with Molly which expose the reason for his lack of Self – his dependence on Molly. This presentation applies Jacques Lacan’s concept of “The Mirror Stage” to Bloom’s nostalgic memories of Molly in Ulysses. …

From Old English Genitives To Modern English Possessives: Tracing Grammar Evolution Through Biogrammar And Grammatical Biology, Charles X. Li

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Charles X. Li, PhD

This paper presents a biologically grounded and historically informed framework, Biogrammar, as a means to explain grammatical evolution and cognitive processing. It compares Biogrammar with two foundational theories in the study of language: the Nature-Nurture Hypothesis and Chomsky’s Universal Grammar. As a case study, the paper examines the historical evolution of English plural and genitive constructions, focusing on morphological developments such as the -as/-es mergers, his-genitives, group genitives, and the rise of the of + noun phrase pattern. These diachronic changes are interpreted as evidence of grammar functioning as a biologically adaptive system shaped …

Frida Kahlo: More Than The Unibrow, A Cultural Feminist Analysis, Karen Valencia

Journal of the Symposium of University Research and Creative Expression

Project Mentor(s): Erika Pazian

Frida Kahlo has been a common name in the art historical canon – one that reinvented Surrealism, despite not identifying with the style, and challenged conventional norms in artistic practices. Many of her works are discussed in Mexican art historical settings, however, the research of this paper will point the bulk of its focus directly onto The Two Fridas, offering additional discussion on how it connects to feminist theory. Kahlo was a deeply complicated woman, reduced to her bus incident, or tumultuous relationship with muralist Diego Rivera. The materials used as sources in this paper will …