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Neuropeptide Y Overexpression In The Presence Of P23h Rhodopsin Mutation, Jean Sun Jan 2023

Neuropeptide Y Overexpression In The Presence Of P23h Rhodopsin Mutation, Jean Sun

All ETDs from UAB

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, has been found to be the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system, and it is widespread across mammalian species. NPY plays a dual role as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous system. NPY functions as a multifaceted neuromodulator through binding NPY receptors (NPYRs). NYP interacts with NPYRs and regulates various activities, such as cell growth, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, mitochondrial behaviors, food intake, anxiety, and addiction formation. In terms of NPY’s neuroprotective potential, NPY inhibits neuronal death signaling, thus preventing apoptosis, and displays anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Additionally, it influences metabolism by …

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The Impact Of Diabetes On At-Fault Motor Vehicle Collisions In Older Adults: Visual Function, Medication, And Crash Characteristics, Thomas A. Swain Jan 2023

The Impact Of Diabetes On At-Fault Motor Vehicle Collisions In Older Adults: Visual Function, Medication, And Crash Characteristics, Thomas A. Swain

All ETDs from UAB

Older drivers represent one of the fastest growing age groups of drivers in the United States. Crash risk among older adults, who have the highest prevalence of vision impairment, has been shown to be related to worse visual function. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition affecting more than 23.1 million Americans, and one in three have pre-diabetes. Persons with diabetes are at increased risk of conditions which cause vision loss. Research indicates those with diabetes have higher rates of MVCs. Despite the increased MVC risk among each of these groups, work has yet to evaluate if diabetes modifies the …

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Senior Executive Experience And The Performance Of Healthcare Organizations, John Patrick Walsh Jan 2023

Senior Executive Experience And The Performance Of Healthcare Organizations, John Patrick Walsh

All ETDs from UAB

SENIOR EXECUTIVE EXPERIENCE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS JOHN P. WALSH HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT The healthcare industry has become increasingly complex over the past two decades causing concern for stakeholders of hospitals and health systems regarding the future viability. Given the tumultuous times, understanding who is best suited to lead these organizations is essential. While some work has been done studying certain characteristics of the Senior Leaders of these organizations, none have looked at the relationship between the Senior Leader’s work experience comparing those with for-profit experience and those without and performance. Using Upper Echelon’s Theory as a …

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Impact Of Alcohol Intoxication On Pedestrian Risk-Taking Behaviors, Yixin Wang Jan 2023

Impact Of Alcohol Intoxication On Pedestrian Risk-Taking Behaviors, Yixin Wang

All ETDs from UAB

In the United States, motor vehicle crashes account for approximately 21.8% of unintentionaldeaths, and 17.2% of these crashes involved the death of a pedestrian in 2020. Two preventable factors that impact pedestrian fatalities are alcohol intoxication and smartphone distraction. Approximately 30% of fatal pedestrian crashes involve a pedestrian with a BAC of at least 0.08, and distraction is a commonly observed risk factor that was shown to impair crossing performance in virtual environments. The present research considers both distraction and intoxication as risk factors for pedestrian safety, examining both risk factors in isolation as well as their interactional effects on …

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A Qualitative Descriptive Study Exploring Infertility Help-Seeking Among African American Women, Andrea G. Wells Jan 2023

A Qualitative Descriptive Study Exploring Infertility Help-Seeking Among African American Women, Andrea G. Wells

All ETDs from UAB

BACKGROUND: Failure to achieve pregnancy (infertility) affects over 6 million women ages 15–44 in the United States. African American women have more difficulty getting pregnant than White women but are less likely to seek help for infertility. According to the current research, there are several factors (cost, insurance coverage, etc.) that create difficulty for women to seek help to get pregnant. However, little is known about the factors that influence or impede infertility help-seeking among African American women. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to infertility help-seeking among African American women.METHODS: Factors affecting infertility …

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Neighborhood Disadvantage, Sleep Quality, And Shift Work: The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Rebecca Williams Jan 2023

Neighborhood Disadvantage, Sleep Quality, And Shift Work: The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Rebecca Williams

All ETDs from UAB

The first study used data (n=14,609) from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) to test the associations among Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and self-reported total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and number of restless nights within the last week. The second study (n=12,496) tested the associations among ADI, shift work status, and restlessness.Regression models were fit to examine associations between ADI and SE or TST or restlessness, as well as assess the relation between ADI and SE in clinically meaningful categories. Moderation analyses indicated whether sex or race impact the association between ADI and sleep. …

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Cognition, Self-Awareness, And Driving After Moderate-To-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Christina A. Diblasio Jan 2023

Cognition, Self-Awareness, And Driving After Moderate-To-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Christina A. Diblasio

All ETDs from UAB

Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in cognitive deficits in learning/memory, executive functions, and self-awareness. Cognitive impairments and unawareness of those impairments hinder driving capacity, yet a large proportion of survivors return to driving after injury. Given that many survivors are driving, it is essential to understand how cognition and self-awareness impact driving practices. To date, studies in this area are limited. This dissertation aimed to (1) create a normative sample for the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT), a short cognitive battery adapted for telephone administration and validated for the TBI population; (2) examine the relationship …

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Adolescent Overweight And Obesity In Ireland—Trends And Sociodemographic Associations Between 1990 And 2020, Aoibhín Moore Heslin, Aisling O'Donnell, Laura Kehoe, Janette Walton, Albert Flynn, John Kearney, Breige Mcnulty Jan 2023

Adolescent Overweight And Obesity In Ireland—Trends And Sociodemographic Associations Between 1990 And 2020, Aoibhín Moore Heslin, Aisling O'Donnell, Laura Kehoe, Janette Walton, Albert Flynn, John Kearney, Breige Mcnulty

Articles

Background: Overweight and obesity in adolescence is a growing issue and can have a range of both short- and long-term consequences on health. Objectives: To analyse trends in adolescent weight status in Ireland across a 30-year period and to examine the influence of sociodemographic factors on overweight/obesity in Irish adolescents over time. Methods: Body composition and body mass index weight status of Irish adolescents were compared using data from three nationally representative, cross-sectional Irish national food consumption surveys from 1990, 2006 and 2020. Adjusted analysis of associations between socio-demographic factors with the risk of adolescent overweight/obesity at each time point …

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Gender Equality In Ocean Science For Sustainable Development : Analysis Of Ocean Science Institutions In Kenya, Renis Auma Ojwala Jan 2023

Gender Equality In Ocean Science For Sustainable Development : Analysis Of Ocean Science Institutions In Kenya, Renis Auma Ojwala

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

Gender inequality poses a serious problem for national and international developmental programmes such as the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (the Ocean Decade) and appears in both developed and developing countries. The fundamental aim of the Ocean Decade is to improve ocean health worldwide through generating knowledge, supporting innovations, discovering creative ideas and developing solutions to achieve equitable and sustainable development under the changing environmental, social and climate conditions. The paucity of women in ocean management has been documented as a major hindrance to ocean sustainability and a top challenge to diversity in workplaces because of …

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America Is Watching, But Are They Listening?, Nancy Kartos Jan 2023

America Is Watching, But Are They Listening?, Nancy Kartos

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

The note examines the persistent issue of violence against Black people, particularly at the hands of police, and how social media has become a significant factor in hindering accountability. It draws historical parallels between past racial violence, such as lynchings during the Jim Crow era, and contemporary police brutality, highlighting how social media amplifies yet polarizes public discourse. The analysis critiques the legal system's failure to hold police accountable, with a focus on the doctrine of qualified immunity, and explores how political polarization exacerbates the problem. The note ultimately argues that without addressing these systemic and technological challenges, meaningful reform …

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Pay No Attention To The Influencer Behind The Curtain, Eliza Logan Jan 2023

Pay No Attention To The Influencer Behind The Curtain, Eliza Logan

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

The note argues that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) must strengthen its regulation of social media influencers, particularly on platforms like Instagram, due to their significant influence on consumer behavior and the potential for deceptive marketing practices. It emphasizes that influencers should be held accountable similarly to advertising agencies, as their unique ability to build trust and authenticity with followers makes their endorsements more impactful than traditional advertising.

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How Police Investigators View Credibility Of Victims Of Sexual Assault Crimes, Lakesha Richele Boone Jan 2023

How Police Investigators View Credibility Of Victims Of Sexual Assault Crimes, Lakesha Richele Boone

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual assault is a sensitive topic, and research has become increasingly popular. Most literature focuses on stigma, attitudes, and perceptions that victims and law enforcement have about each other. Law enforcement officers are responsible for making charging decisions based on their investigations and ways by which they determine credibility and reliability of victims. It was unclear what criteria law enforcement officers use to ascertain relevant flaws in victim character and credibility. The purpose of this study was to explore how law enforcement officers evaluate credibility of sexual assault victims during investigations. The feminist legal, just world, and rape myth acceptance …

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Narratives Of Black Single Mothers Pursuing School Counseling Field Experience Amid Covid-19, Kerry Lamphere Bowles Jan 2023

Narratives Of Black Single Mothers Pursuing School Counseling Field Experience Amid Covid-19, Kerry Lamphere Bowles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) graduate students, particularly those who are single mothers, have historically navigated systemic barriers such as lack of equal education, financial resources, academic experiences, or administrative support in pursuit of academic success. School closures due to the health and safety protocols during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presented additional complications for BIPOC single mother graduate students attempting to complete their master’s degree, especially in school counseling. The purpose of this hermeneutic, phenomenological qualitative study was to understand the experiences of BIPOC single mother online graduate students, who were in the field experience stage of their …

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Factors Contributing To High Rates Of Pre-Eclampsia Among African American Women, Tinisia Jordan Boyd Jan 2023

Factors Contributing To High Rates Of Pre-Eclampsia Among African American Women, Tinisia Jordan Boyd

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Maternal and neonatal deaths remain a significant healthcare concern globally. For instance, 4% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by pre-eclampsia, which is the second leading cause of maternal mortality globally. However, evidence shows that African American women are at higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, and the population experiences severe maternal outcomes compared to other communities. Therefore, the goal of the project was to assess nurses' level of knowledge working in maternal units on pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and assess the effectiveness of simulation-based training on pre-eclampsia on improving nurse knowledge and self-efficacy. Several models were used …

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The Lived Experiences Of Black Women Pursuing Managerial Positions In Corporate America, Edo Linette Branch Jan 2023

The Lived Experiences Of Black Women Pursuing Managerial Positions In Corporate America, Edo Linette Branch

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The cultural and historical background of Black women represents unique complexities in the journey to management. The specific problem was that Black women often faced more gender and racial biases while advancing into management positions in corporate America than their White male and female counterparts. The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black women advancing into management positions who face more gender and racial biases than their White male and female counterparts in corporate America. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was the intersectionality of gender and race. The research question …

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Doctoral Students’ Motivations To Complete A Degree In Education Online, Terence Branch Jan 2023

Doctoral Students’ Motivations To Complete A Degree In Education Online, Terence Branch

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Enrollment in online doctoral programs is increasing; however, 41% of these students do not graduate. Student achievement in online learning depends on motivation. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore doctoral students’ perspectives on how educational technology supports their motivation to earn a degree in education. Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory comprised the conceptual framework that guided this study. Research questions were designed to investigate if online technology supports doctoral students’ basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 12 participants who earned doctorates online. Thematic analysis was employed to …

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Sharing Strategies Between Higher Education Administrators And Their Information Technology Leaders, Larita Brewster Jan 2023

Sharing Strategies Between Higher Education Administrators And Their Information Technology Leaders, Larita Brewster

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some senior administrators in higher education institutions lack strategies to share leadership decision-making with their information technology (IT) leaders in the quest to sustain and improve organizational performance, which is often of concern to leverage technology and improve organizational performance. Grounded in the Bolman and Deal four-frame model of leadership, the purpose of this qualitative, multiple-case study was to explore strategies used at four higher education institutions by four IT leaders and four senior administrators, to improve organizational performance in Alabama. The participants were four higher education senior administrators and four IT leaders in Alabaman higher educational institutions. Data were …

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Employee Development And Workforce Engagement In A Behavioral Health Organization, Lakisha R, Brimage Jan 2023

Employee Development And Workforce Engagement In A Behavioral Health Organization, Lakisha R, Brimage

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ongoing training at the targeted behavioral health organization is necessary to improve employee knowledge, skills, and abilities to drive engagement and overall organizational performance. The purpose of this case study was to determine what leadership practices and strategies are currently in place and what training modules improve employee development for the purpose of improving workforce engagement. The Baldrige Excellence Framework was used to guide the qualitative case study of the nonprofit organization, which provides social services to low-income families in the United States. Data sources included semistructured interviews with two behavioral health leaders at the organization and reviews of organizational …

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Association Between Covid-19 Health Knowledge, Self-Efficacy And Preventive Behaviors Among Nursing Students, Josephine Miane Britanico Jan 2023

Association Between Covid-19 Health Knowledge, Self-Efficacy And Preventive Behaviors Among Nursing Students, Josephine Miane Britanico

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract Nursing students possess valuable public health knowledge to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. They can provide health education to the public with reliable information and adequate resources. To better understand the role nursing students can take in prevention efforts, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the association between COVID-19 health knowledge, self-efficacy, and preventive behavior among undergraduate nursing students. The health belief model was the theoretical framework that guided this study. The primary research questions assessed (a) if there was a statistically significant association between COVID-19 health knowledge and preventive behavior among nursing students, …

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Managing Student Bullying Of Professors In Higher Educational Institutions, Willetra Brittian Jan 2023

Managing Student Bullying Of Professors In Higher Educational Institutions, Willetra Brittian

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Workplace bullying has affected more than 60 million workers in the United States. The specific problem was a lack of information about academic contrapower harassment on conflict management in higher educational institutions. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore how administrators in higher educational institutions addressed student bullying of professors when reported by professors to administrators. The research question was to explore what conflict management strategies were used by school administrators in higher educational institutions to address targeted professors’ reports of student bullying. The conceptual framework for the study included academic contrapower harassment, student entitlement, and …

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Lived Experiences Of College Students With Social Anxiety Disorder Accessing Support Services, Patrice Nicole Broaden Jan 2023

Lived Experiences Of College Students With Social Anxiety Disorder Accessing Support Services, Patrice Nicole Broaden

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many college students exhibit symptoms related to social anxiety disorder (SAD); however, they were not addressed or diagnosed until college. College counseling centers are experiencing an increased number of students with SAD. College students with SAD often experience failing grades, have limited social interaction with peers, and lack appropriate assertiveness. The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to investigate the lived experiences of college students with SAD accessing support services. Phenomenology was the framework used to support the study. Semi structured interviews with 10 students were used to generate rich, detailed descriptions of the phenomenon. An interpretative phenomenological analysis …

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Training Strategies To Improve Salesperson Confidence And Production, William B. Bronson Jan 2023

Training Strategies To Improve Salesperson Confidence And Production, William B. Bronson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many sales leaders need strategies to improve the productivity and confidence of their sales personnel. Ineffective sales training programs cost organizations billions of dollars in annual revenue and profits. Grounded in adaptive leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative mini-ethnographic multiple-case study was to explore successful strategies used by sales leaders that combine and balance virtual and online resources with traditional face-to-face training methods to increase the productivity and confidence of sales personnel. Data were collected by interviewing eight salespeople and two sales managers spanning two Texas insurance companies and reviewing company documents. Data were analyzed using Yin’s five-step process …

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Experiences And Attitudes Regarding The Availability And Usage Of Telemedicine Services Among Providers During A Pandemic, Keya Gaston Brooks Jan 2023

Experiences And Attitudes Regarding The Availability And Usage Of Telemedicine Services Among Providers During A Pandemic, Keya Gaston Brooks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Telehealth became a prominent fixture in the way healthcare was delivered during COVID-19. Providers were forced to offer telehealth as an optional mode of care. Although little research was available, studies about the experiences and attitudes of providers regarding their intention and willingness to use telemedicine before the pandemic was exiguous. The purpose of this study was to understand providers perception and use behavior patterns regarding the acceptance and adoption of telemedicine during the pandemic. Data collected from the COVID-19 Healthcare Coalition Telehealth Impact Survey was used to help characterize the experiences and attitudes of providers regarding telehealth utilization during …

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Perceptions Of African Americans Toward Premarital Counseling, Kimberly A. Brown Jan 2023

Perceptions Of African Americans Toward Premarital Counseling, Kimberly A. Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractResearch regarding premarital counseling programs has shown that premarital counseling can help individuals enhance the quality of their relationship and lower the likelihood of divorce after marriage. The research problem addressed in this study was that couples who do not participate in premarital counseling have lower relationship satisfaction and higher rates of divorce, and Black couples participate in premarital counseling less often compared to White couples. Using a generic qualitative research design, data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with five African American married couples who had not participated in premarital counseling to find out their perceptions as these were …

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Attachment And Its Prediction Of Emotional-Social Intelligence (Esi) Of African American Females During Mid-To-Late Adolescence, Lauren N. Callahan Jan 2023

Attachment And Its Prediction Of Emotional-Social Intelligence (Esi) Of African American Females During Mid-To-Late Adolescence, Lauren N. Callahan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Attachment and emotional-social intelligence (ESI) have been an area of study among scholars since attachment has been shown to impact important areas of psychosocial development. This study involved exploring attachment or the adolescent bonding experience, and its prediction of ESI of African American females during mid-to-late adolescence. Researchers have demonstrated there are ethnic differences in terms of attachment and ESI but have not established predictive relationships among African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine attachment and its prediction of ESI of African American females between 15 and 18. Using a quantitative design, the Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire and …

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Mental Health Utilization Among Former Pregnant And Parenting Teen Mothers, Chana Danielle Campbell Jan 2023

Mental Health Utilization Among Former Pregnant And Parenting Teen Mothers, Chana Danielle Campbell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Teen pregnancy and parenting at an early age can create numerous emotional stressors. Despite the documented need for mental health services among pregnant and parenting mothers, utilization rates of mental health services remain low. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of pregnant and parenting mothers who utilized mental health services. Bandura’s social learning theory was used to explore how the experiences, perceptions, learned behaviors, thoughts, and beliefs surrounding mental health services impacted teen mothers’ experiences with mental health utilization. One-on-one interviews were conducted with eight teen mothers or other young mothers who had given …

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Succession Planning Strategies For Nonprofit Organizations, Chandler Campbell Jan 2023

Succession Planning Strategies For Nonprofit Organizations, Chandler Campbell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nonprofit organizations are cornerstones in the community that contribute to improving environments, communities, persons, and life overall. However, some nonprofit organization senior leaders lack the succession planning strategies, resources, and funding to continue serving as positive social change agents in the community. Grounded in the general systems theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore business strategies nonprofit leaders use for succession planning. The participants included three senior leaders in a nonprofit located in the northeastern region of the United States who have indirectly or directly implemented succession planning strategies. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, …

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U.S. Navy Senior Enlisted Women Career Barriers To Success, Angela Campbell Jan 2023

U.S. Navy Senior Enlisted Women Career Barriers To Success, Angela Campbell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Active-duty military, senior female enlisted leaders in grades E7-E9 are underrepresented in the Navy due to navigating organizational, social, and cultural barriers. The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenology study was to explore the lived experiences of U.S. Navy retired senior enlisted women who served in pay grades E7-E9 in the United States, overcame career barriers, and achieved success in a male-dominated organization. This transcendental phenomenological study’s research questions focused on the experiences of U.S. Navy senior enlisted women who overcame career barriers and achieved career success in a male-dominated organization. The career resilience framework was used to assess the …

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Educating Nurses On Mental Fatigue, Tawanna Ann Canty Jan 2023

Educating Nurses On Mental Fatigue, Tawanna Ann Canty

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Education correlates with nurse performance and avoiding mental fatigue. This project attempted to answer the question, “Educating nurses on mental fatigue will increase knowledge” focusing on educating rehabilitative nurses regarding mental fatigue. The project was guided by the Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model. Twenty rehabilitative nurses were administered a pretest consisting of 10 multiple-choice test questions. They received education on mental fatigue through PowerPoint presentations and handouts. After completing the education, participants were administered a posttest with the same 10 questions. An evaluation tool consisting of six questions was completed measuring an increase in knowledge after the posttest. …

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Effective Onboarding Strategies To Increase Talent Retention, Mark L. Carpenter Jan 2023

Effective Onboarding Strategies To Increase Talent Retention, Mark L. Carpenter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human resource (HR) leaders are concerned about the adverse effects of employee turnover on employees and organizational success. Without a successful introduction to the corporate culture, employees may be more likely to exit their positions, resulting in higher recruitment costs and lower productivity for companies. Grounded in social exchange theory, the purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore onboarding strategies organizational HR leaders use to reduce employee turnover. The participants were six HR leaders at light manufacturing companies in the United States Midwest region who successfully reduced employee turnover. Data from semistructured interviews and publicly available documents were …

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