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A Novel Method For Information Hiding In Images, Ali Al-Nuaimi, Shaymaa Al-Juboori May 2025

A Novel Method For Information Hiding In Images, Ali Al-Nuaimi, Shaymaa Al-Juboori

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Information security is a fundamental principle during data transmission. The main threat to information security is hacking. They are focusing on finding new techniques to breach encryption methods. Therefore, developing new approaches for hiding information against hacker attacks is a potential solution. Different steganography methods are available for hiding information, such as in texts, disk space, network packets, audio and images. In contrast to cryptography, which is concerned with data encryption. Steganography is the art of hiding transmitted information by using seemingly harmless carriers to hide the presence of information. Steganography is cost-effective and unrelated to hardware components. This study …

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Three Cases Of Adolescent Orf Virus Skin And Soft Tissue Infection In Southeast Texas, Victoria Shelus, Brendan Sullivan, Ankhi Dutta, Claire Bocchini, Denver Niles May 2025

Three Cases Of Adolescent Orf Virus Skin And Soft Tissue Infection In Southeast Texas, Victoria Shelus, Brendan Sullivan, Ankhi Dutta, Claire Bocchini, Denver Niles

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We report 3 adolescents who presented to a tertiary care hospital in Houston, Texas, with cutaneous skin lesions after contact with sheep and/or goats. The cases presented a diagnostic challenge initially but were later suspected or confirmed as orf virus infection after consultation with infectious diseases specialists.

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Restoring Context: Interdisciplinary Approaches To Art Conservation And Registration Challenges In Rural Museums, Jade Karas '25 May 2025

Restoring Context: Interdisciplinary Approaches To Art Conservation And Registration Challenges In Rural Museums, Jade Karas '25

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

A prevalent issue for museums in rural areas is a lack of reliable registration methods. This occurs for a number of reasons whether it be a lack of resources (human, financial, spacial, etc.) or the erosion of knowledge overtime due to cultural reliance on generational knowledge. Additionally, different registrars often develop new methods for inventory without leaving behind instructions, leading subsequent registrars to devise their own methods. These gaps in the registration process frequently result in “registration problems”, objects that don’t get properly inventoried and thus have little to no context for their origins. This thesis aims to fill in …

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A Comparative Analysis Of Deterministic And Stochastic Models Of Insect Swarms, Mikaila M. Saathoff May 2025

A Comparative Analysis Of Deterministic And Stochastic Models Of Insect Swarms, Mikaila M. Saathoff

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Insect swarms exhibit collective behavior that emerges from the seemingly random motion of insects inside the swarm. A deterministic model developed by Gorbonos et al. [1] describes this adaptive gravitational force alongside a repulsive force that prevents collisions among insects and an elastic potential, providing a framework for understanding their interactions. The elastic potential and corresponding spring constants, identified through studies of laboratory insect swarms, describe oscillations in the insects’ movement and result in an elongation of the swarm along the vertical axis. This model is compared to a stochastic swarming model with weighting to mimic the effect of gravity …

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Identifying Optimal Stellar Spectral Types For Roman's Spectroscopic Calibration, Gabrielle Stephens May 2025

Identifying Optimal Stellar Spectral Types For Roman's Spectroscopic Calibration, Gabrielle Stephens

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) has the goal of completing wide area astrophysics infrared surveys that will study galaxy clusters, star formation, the evolution of dark energy, and explore exoplanet demographics. The Wide Field Instrument (WFI) of Roman is the primary instrument that will be used to conduct Roman’s surveys, with two detectors, a prism and a grism. The WFI must be calibrated for precision and accuracy, to verify the operations of the prism and grism. We developed a tool to identify and analyze the strength of spectral absorption features in a catalog of stars. We then created …

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Evaluating Plasma Etching For Graphene Fabrication: Etch Rate Control And Flake Characterization, Makai T. Williams, Michael S. Crosser May 2025

Evaluating Plasma Etching For Graphene Fabrication: Etch Rate Control And Flake Characterization, Makai T. Williams, Michael S. Crosser

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Graphene, a two-dimensional material composed of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has attracted significant attention due to its exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Mechanical exfoliation is one of the most reliable methods for producing high-quality graphene flakes. However, its lack of scalability limits its application in industrial contexts. This thesis explores plasma etching as an alternative approach for controllable and scalable graphene production, by etching thicker graphite flakes into single-layer graphene.

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Optical Thickness Determination Of Graphene By Color, Caleb A. Woodcock, Michael S. Crosser May 2025

Optical Thickness Determination Of Graphene By Color, Caleb A. Woodcock, Michael S. Crosser

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Graphene, and multi-layered graphene, are single atomic layers of carbon, with remarkable electrical properties. This makes it a highly valuable material across scientific and technological fields. Accurate thickness determination is essential, as many of the electrical properties are layer dependent; however, typical methods are slow. This thesis investigates a non-invasive optical method for estimating graphene thickness by correlating RGB color values from microscope images with step height measurements obtained via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Graphene flakes were exfoliated onto a SiO₂/Si substrate, imaged under white light illumination, and analyzed using ImageJ to extract color values. Results show that red-channel contrast …

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Influence Of Water Depth On Surface Waves Generated By A Swimmer, Gavin F. Smith May 2025

Influence Of Water Depth On Surface Waves Generated By A Swimmer, Gavin F. Smith

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

This project models the motion of water waves created by a swimmer in a pool. Wave speeds are influenced by water depth, which in turn may influence swimmers’ speeds. Using a linear oscillator, the swimmer is treated as a periodic driving force that creates surface waves. The natural frequency derived from wave depth and wavelength along with the swimmer's stroke frequency are compared to show these effects.

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Performance, Crystallinity, And Charge Lifetime In Scalable Organic Solar Cells, Sydney Pfleiger, Atiq Ur Rahman, Tanner M. Melody, Acacia Patterson, Brian A. Collins May 2025

Performance, Crystallinity, And Charge Lifetime In Scalable Organic Solar Cells, Sydney Pfleiger, Atiq Ur Rahman, Tanner M. Melody, Acacia Patterson, Brian A. Collins

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are an emerging form of solar energy which can generate high performance, low-cost solar cells compared to traditional technology. However, the large-scale production of OSCs is limited by traditional spin coating techniques which cannot be scaled up. For production, a scalable deposition method is roll to roll manufacturing. Here we study the performance, charge carrier lifetime and morphology of an analogue of roll to roll (blade coating) to determine the morphological characteristics which result in superior performance. The same performance can be achieved with blade coating compared to spin coating while the crystallinity is different. Transient …

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Development And Evaluation Of A Multiple Sclerosis-Related Suffering Index, Carolyn A. Wilder, Jennifer Gravesa, Salem O. Dehomb, Amanda L. Goodinga, Elizabeth J. Taylor May 2025

Development And Evaluation Of A Multiple Sclerosis-Related Suffering Index, Carolyn A. Wilder, Jennifer Gravesa, Salem O. Dehomb, Amanda L. Goodinga, Elizabeth J. Taylor

Dissertations

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease characterized by complex physical, psychological, and emotional challenges that profoundly impact patients’ quality of life. Despite advances in symptom management, the multifaceted suffering experienced by individuals with MS remains inadequately measured, understood, and addressed. This study aimed to develop and validate the Wilder Multiple Sclerosis Suffering Index (WMSSI), a novel tool designed to quantitatively measure the unique dimensions of suffering in this population.

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Preparation, And Characterization Of Gypsum-Levan Composites And Evaluation Of Their Preliminary In Vitro And Antibacterial Characteristics, Jamileh Sultan El Arab May 2025

Preparation, And Characterization Of Gypsum-Levan Composites And Evaluation Of Their Preliminary In Vitro And Antibacterial Characteristics, Jamileh Sultan El Arab

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Orthopedic surgery has to contend with a myriad of issues with bones, injuries such as fractures as well as chronic ailments, like osteoporosis. There is a widespread understanding and execution of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), however their drawbacks like being non-biodegradable, generating heat, low bioactivity, and other issues reserve the development of better substitutes This study intends to develop and incorporate microbial levan squaring as a β-2,6-linked fructan polysaccharide into gypsum-based formulations of bone cements to make them biodegradable, bioactive and amplify their mechanical properties. The research aims to address the performance drawbacks of traditional …

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“The Best Storyteller In The World:” Gwydion, Court Poetry, And Statecraft In The Fourth Branch Of The Mabinogi, Abigail Fathauer '25 May 2025

“The Best Storyteller In The World:” Gwydion, Court Poetry, And Statecraft In The Fourth Branch Of The Mabinogi, Abigail Fathauer '25

Senior Scholarly and Creative Symposium

Gwydion, the trickster protagonist of The Mabinogi, orchestrates the plot and manipulates those around him. His trickery ultimately results in political shifts, changes, and even wars, reflecting his role as a powerful player in the text. Moreover, Gwydion's use of poetry, knowledge, and words to enact his schemes and manipulations reflects the power of poets in medieval Welsh courts. My thesis argues that Gwydion's use of poetry to manipulate the politics around him reflects the power of poetry to craft nation states, as medieval Welsh poets did.

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Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore May 2025

Tax Trends, Nicholas J. Fiore

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Tax Clinic, John L. Norman Jr. May 2025

Tax Clinic, John L. Norman Jr.

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Just War, Pacifism, And Inevitability Of Conflict: Tolkien’S Changing Attitudes To War, Alexander Retakh May 2025

Just War, Pacifism, And Inevitability Of Conflict: Tolkien’S Changing Attitudes To War, Alexander Retakh

Journal of Tolkien Research

Tolkien’s approach to war is often considered through the lens of “just war” theory. Its main principles are the necessity of a just cause for war, proper conduct in battle, and the use of proper weapons; if possible, war should be avoided. The Lord of the Rings suggests an ethical framework inspired by this theory; however, the earlier Legendarium is more accepting of military conflicts and their harsh reality. Tolkien's attitude to war appears to shift in the mid-late 1930s, the time of intense debates about just war and pacifism among British Catholics. This paper discusses the evolution of his …

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How Post Is Post-Conviction Relief In Maine?, Charles L. Cragin Iii May 2025

How Post Is Post-Conviction Relief In Maine?, Charles L. Cragin Iii

Maine Law Review

In a recent case the Maine Supreme Judicial Court delineated the prerequisites for relief under Maine's post-conviction relief statute. The court declared that actual or constructive custody is necessary for relief. In Thoresen v. State, petitioner was convicted of a felony in Maine in 1959. He had been represented by retained counsel, and had elected to plead guilty to an information charging him with grand larceny. His sentence was suspended by probation and he was permitted to leave the state. Formally complying with all the regulations of his probation, he was given a total discharge in 1961. In 1967, he …

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The Coast Guard: Always Ready, Sometimes Careful, Edward D. Leonard Iii May 2025

The Coast Guard: Always Ready, Sometimes Careful, Edward D. Leonard Iii

Maine Law Review

The government presently is liable for the negligent conduct of the Coast Guard. Why and how such liability arises is the subject of this comment. In considering this subject three central questions are presented: First, whether the various acts abrogating the sovereign immunity of the federal government have been correctly applied to the Coast Guard; second, assuming that sovereign immunity has been waived, the extent of the duty owed by the Coast Guard to persons in distress; and third, after a finding of liability, the effect of the statutory extension of the admiralty doctrine of limitation of liability upon damage …

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Reviews, Editors May 2025

Reviews, Editors

Marvels & Tales

No abstract provided.

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Introduction: Norms And Limits Of Fairy-Tale Transgression, Alessandro Cabiati, Lewis C. Seifert May 2025

Introduction: Norms And Limits Of Fairy-Tale Transgression, Alessandro Cabiati, Lewis C. Seifert

Marvels & Tales

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue May 2025

Full Issue

Tenor of Our Times

No abstract provided.

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Legislative Discouragement Of Maine's Marine Industrial Growth, John H. Pursel May 2025

Legislative Discouragement Of Maine's Marine Industrial Growth, John H. Pursel

Maine Law Review

At common law the public rights to navigation and fishing could not be alienated by the King. Dry land and the land beneath the sea could be alienated but only so long as the public rights to navigation and fishing were preserved. This common law doctrine was rejected in 1842 by the United States Supreme Court as binding precedent for limiting the alienation of the public domain by the legislatures of the various states. In Martin v. Wadell the Court reasoned that this common law principle was not applicable because the people of the United States through their act of …

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Maine's Educational Television Network: Legal Difficulties, Charles L. Cragin Iii May 2025

Maine's Educational Television Network: Legal Difficulties, Charles L. Cragin Iii

Maine Law Review

Maine's educational television network (ETV) cannot pride itself in achieving broad goals and, in fact, cannot attempt to achieve them because of legislation of questionable legal validity which has become an anachronistic barrier to innovations consistent with a keener awareness of the utility of educational television. This note focuses on the state-controlled system servicing northern Maine and points out the conflicts between the system's enabling legislation and the manner in which the system currently operates, and between the enabling legislation and federal laws and regulations. Additionally, it recommends, in a statutory format, the manner in which the system should be …

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Proof Of Defect In A Strict Products Liability Case, Robert F. Hanson May 2025

Proof Of Defect In A Strict Products Liability Case, Robert F. Hanson

Maine Law Review

The realization that negligence doctrines do not provide an adequate remedy for consumers injured by defective products has led many courts to adopt theories of strict liability. Justification for the strict liability doctrine rests on the judicial belief that the law should provide maximum protection for the health and safety of all consumers, and that the manufacturer is "conditionally at fault" if he does not compensate consumers injured by his defective products. Manufacturers are not held liable for all product-related harm to consumers. To recover the plaintiff must plead and prove that the product which caused the harm was defective …

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Environmental Jurisdiction In The Congress And The Executive, Edmund S. Muskie May 2025

Environmental Jurisdiction In The Congress And The Executive, Edmund S. Muskie

Maine Law Review

Extraterrestrial exploration and a historic lunar success have helped give modern man a unique perspective on the earth and his natural environment. We have looked on our planet from the reaches of outer space and have seen how small, how alone, and how vulnerable we are. We have travelled to the moon and photographed Mars, but we have finally realized that no matter how far or how fast we grow, no matter how far afield our explorations take us, and no matter how great our vision, we must always return to earth. This is a discomfiting realization for a civilization …

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Procedural Rights Of The Military Accused: Advantages Over A Civilian Defendant, Homer E. Moyer Jr. May 2025

Procedural Rights Of The Military Accused: Advantages Over A Civilian Defendant, Homer E. Moyer Jr.

Maine Law Review

The Supreme Court recently decided in O'Callahan v. Parker that the military lacks jurisdiction to try servicemen for crimes that are not "service-connected." Justice Douglas, in rendering the majority opinion, was highly critical of military justice and criminal procedures in the court-martial system, which he characterized as "a system of specialized military courts, proceeding by practices different from those obtaining in the regular courts and in general less favorable to defendants . . . . .” The opinion further added that "courts-martial as an institution are singularly inept in dealing with the nice subtleties of constitutional law . . . …

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Editorial - Edward Settle Godfrey Iii, Maine Law Review May 2025

Editorial - Edward Settle Godfrey Iii, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

The old University of Maine College of Law, founded in 1898, was one of the better law schools in the United States in its time. Several very able and distinguished men served on the school's faculty. Many graduates became renowned as judges and lawyers and the students published a law review of considerable merit. In the final issue (1920) of the old Maine Law Review an editorial expressed grave shock and disappointment at the decision to close the College of Law. Throughout the editorial, nonetheless, ran a note of optimism, an expression of hope that the school might soon thereafter …

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Distancing From Precedent & Procedures In Favor Of An Uninformed Public: A Survey Of Energy Transfer V. Friedman, Gina R. Salash May 2025

Distancing From Precedent & Procedures In Favor Of An Uninformed Public: A Survey Of Energy Transfer V. Friedman, Gina R. Salash

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Wise V. Huntingdon County Housing Development Corporation: The Expansion Of Pennsylvania Commonwealth Sovereign Immunity Real Estate Exception, Kendyl L. Swank May 2025

Wise V. Huntingdon County Housing Development Corporation: The Expansion Of Pennsylvania Commonwealth Sovereign Immunity Real Estate Exception, Kendyl L. Swank

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Application Of Economic Nexus To State And Local Gross Receipts Taxes: Applying Wayfair To Pennsylvania's Mercantile And Business Privilege Tax, Nicholas D. Grimes May 2025

The Application Of Economic Nexus To State And Local Gross Receipts Taxes: Applying Wayfair To Pennsylvania's Mercantile And Business Privilege Tax, Nicholas D. Grimes

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Striking A Balance: A Criminal Defendant's Right To Confront Witnesses Versus The Risk Of Re-Traumatizing Child Victims, Julie M. Stenhouse May 2025

Striking A Balance: A Criminal Defendant's Right To Confront Witnesses Versus The Risk Of Re-Traumatizing Child Victims, Julie M. Stenhouse

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

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