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Factors Associated With Family Burden In Schizophrenia, Sateesh Rangarao Koujalgi, Raghavendra B. Nayak

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Family burden affects the health of both patient and caregivers. Identifying determinants of family care burden in patients with schizophrenia has significant psychosocial implications.

Aim:

To investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods:

A series of one hundred schizophrenia within the age group of 18–47 and above and having more than 2 year's history of illness and 100 caregivers of such a patient have been taken up for the study, within the age group of 18–63 and above. To identify the primary care givers of the above patients, Pollack and Perlick …

Formulation, Characterization, And Evaluation Of Orodispersible Tablet Of A Model Antidepressant Drug, V. G. Jamakandi, Chetan Prakash Kalsannavar, S. P. Hiremath, F. S. Dasanakoppa, S. S. Kerur

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Introduction:

Paroxetine hydrochloride is used as the antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is used to treat depression resistant to other antidepressants, depression complicated by anxiety, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The objective of the present work is to formulate oral dispersible tablet dosage form using two different superdisintegrants.

Materials and Methods:

Eight formulations (F1-F8) were prepared using two superdisintegrants in varied concentrations. The optimized formulations (based on %CDR) were further formulated by sublimating agent using camphor as sublimating agent (S1, S2).

Results and Discussion:

All the formulated tablets were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, drug content and …

Iodine Nutrition Of School Children Residing In Area Of Local Noniodized Salt Production, Kenechukwu C. Onyekwelu, Ikechukwu E. Ezeagu, Sylverter O. Igbedioh

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

In 1993, Nigeria enacted a law making it mandatory for all salt both for human and animal consumption to be fortified with iodine in a bid to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). IDD is a silent threat to the growth and development of the child and also to national development. The aim of this study was to assess the status of iodine nutrition in schoolchildren in areas known for the production of local uniodized salt.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed in two Local Government Areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured in …

Osteoporosis Current State And Need For Screening With The Help Of Oral Health Physicians, Y. Udaya Sindhu, Abhishek Singh Nayyar, K. Siddhartha, B. Kartheeki, D. Bhargavi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone structure resulting in an increased susceptibility to fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis contributes to a great deal of morbidity and mortality and is a large burden to the health service. In the last four decades, numerous research teams have reported oral radiographic findings associated with osteoporosis. Digital orthopantomographs (OPGs), taken for routine dental evaluations, have a significant role in screening for initial osteoporotic changes. A number of mandibular cortical indices (MCIs) have, also, been developed to allow quantification of mandibular bone mass and identification …

Effect Of Etidronate On Depression Paradigms In Male Swiss Albino Mice And Wistar Rats An Experimental Study, N. Amitha, S. S. Torgal

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Objective:

Bisphosphonates represent the first choice in the treatment of osteoporosis, and no data are available concerning their effects on comorbid behavior alterations. There are some contradictory reports regarding these drugs with respect to antidepressant activity in humans. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the effects of etidronate in male Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice using depression paradigms, namely, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen male Wistar rats and 18 male Swiss albino mice were brought and acclimatized 10 days prior to experimentation. Then, they were randomized into three groups: …

Clinical Profile Of Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Naveed Mohsin, Ravouf Asimi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background and Aims:

As a part of the Global Polio Eradication program by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1988), surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) was an important public health activity in many countries. With nearing eradication of poliomyelitis, other causes of AFP are gaining importance in both children and adults. Our study was designed to know the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of causes of AFP, including distribution by age, gender, and time. This was a prospective observational study.

Methods:

AFP cases were diagnosed on history and physical examination. The underlying etiology was ascertained by appropriate laboratory investigations such …

Prevalence Of Ocular Trauma In Kles Hospital A 1-Year Cross-Sectional Study, Shivanand B. Patil, Abhinav Biala, Amishi Khanna, Anju Meena

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Context:

People affected by eye injury often have to face loss of career opportunities, major lifestyle changes, and occasionally permanent disfigurement.

Aims:

(1) To find the prevalence of ocular trauma in patients attending our hospital. (2) To find the clinical profile of ocular trauma patients and the cause of trauma in them.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at KLE Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka.

Subjects and Methods:

The present 1-year study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, on 2308 trauma patients presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient department …

Evaluation Of Anticonvulsant Activity Of Polyherbal Formulation Based On Ayurvedic Formulation, Arka Ghosh, Ashish Mishra, Ankit Seth, Santosh Kumar Maurya

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

The aim of the present study was to develop a polyherbal formulation for epilepsy. Present polyherbal formulation (PHF) (containing

Operculina turpethum

(L.) Silva Manso,

Mimosa pudica

L.,

Uraria picta

(Jacq.) DC.,

Cajanus cajan

(L.) Millsp, and

Lawsonia inermis

L.) is based on an ayurvedic formulation "

Brihad Panchagavya Ghrita

" indicated for epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:

To establish the scientific basis of mechanism, we examined the effects of methanolic extract of PHF (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on maximal electric shock (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and isoniazid (INH)-induced convulsions as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamate level in the brain …

Social Support Influencing Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors A Cross-Sectional Study In Udupi Taluk, Edison Khymdeit, P. Arathi Rao, Prakash Narayanan, Shreemathi Mayya

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

India is witnessing an increase in diabetic cases as peoples' lifestyle change. This rapid increase of cases has led to an increase in the healthcare burden of the country with a considerable financial strain occurring due to the cost spent on diabetes treatment annually. Proper management of diabetes is based on good self-management behaviors (diet control, physical activity, glucose monitoring, and adherence to medication). Globally, studies have indicated the link between self-management behaviors and social support. Proper self-management behaviors could be the key to reducing the healthcare burden arising due to diabetes.

Objective:

The objective of this study was …

A Seven-Step Approach To Master The Practical Skills In Microbiology Among 2 A Randomized Control Trial, Sheetal U. Harakuni, Vijaya Dandannvar, Maheshwar D. Mallapur

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Context:

Undergraduate students are taught, basic procedures of microbiology such as Gram's-staining, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and focusing of the stained slide using light microscope. It is found that students mostly fail to perform right staining procedures and report a given slide.

Aims:

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of modified Peyton's seven step method to learn basic procedures of microbiology, in comparison to 'see one, do one' method, by a randomized control trial following McGaghie's Mastery learning model.

Subjects and Methods:

The study group of 45 students was taught by adopting Peyton's seven step method, the control group of 41 …

Seroprevalence Of Transfusion Transmitted Infections Among Blood Donors At A Tertiary Care Hospital Blood Bank In North India, Dev Raj Arya, N. L. Mahawar, Rashi Pachaury, Arun Bharti, Lokesh Sharma, Harish Kumar, Veer Bahadur Singh

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Blood transfusion service is a sensitive issue as it is covered by “Drug and Cosmetics Act” and has legal implications. Strict criteria are followed while selecting a donor so that proper blood free of all pathogens is available for recipient.

Aim:

To study seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted major infections (HIV, hepatitis B virus [HBV], hepatitis C virus [HCV], syphilis, and malaria) among blood donors at a Tertiary Care Government Hospital Blood Bank in North India and to compare positivity of markers of these infections in voluntary and replacement donors.

Subjects and Methods:

This study was conducted over a period of …

Relationship Of Static Balance With Fundamental Motor Skills In Children With Visual Impairments A Cross-Sectional Study, Deepa Metgud, Radhika Honap

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Balance is a complex process which involves reception and integration of sensory inputs followed by planning and execution of movement to achieve upright posture. Vision is one of the most important senses that contribute for maintenance of balance and to explore wide range physical activities, termed as fundamental motor skills. Due to compromised vision, children with visual impairments may have fear of fall which in turn leads to reduced physical activity.

Objective:

To find the relationship between static and dynamic balance with fundamental motor skills in children with visual impairments.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study done in visually …

Design, Formulation And Evaluation Of Carboxy Methyl Tamarind Based, Fatima S. Dasankoppa, Seema Kujur, Hasan Pasha Nazeer Ahmed Sholapur, Vilas G. Jamakandi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Introduction:

A major problem in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of optimum drug concentration at the site of action, which is compromised mainly due to precorneal loss resulting in only a small fraction of the drugs being absorbed. The effective dose administered may be altered by increasing the retention time of medication into the eye by using in situ gel forming polymeric systems.

Materials and Methods:

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to design, formulate, and evaluate in situ gelling-based ophthalmic drug delivery system dorzolamide hydrochloride to enhance the precorneal retention and to improve the ocular bioavailability. …

Formulation And Evaluation Of Liposomal Transdermal Patch For Targeted Drug Delivery Of Tamoxifen Citrate For Breast Cancer, Anjana Ashok Adhyapak, Babasaheb Gangadhar Desai

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

In the present investigation, tamoxifen-loaded liposomes transdermal patch was formulated using eudragit-RL, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K-50, and ethyl cellulose.

Materials and Methods:

Liposomes were formulated by solvent evaporation method using poly (sebacic acid-co-ricinoleic acid) in varying ratios and evaluated for particle size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Formulated tamoxifen-loaded liposomes were finally incorporated into transdermal patch and evaluated for thickness drug content, moisture content, moisture uptake, folding endurance, tensile strength diffusion coefficient, permeability coefficient, in vitro permeation, and skin irritation. Optimized transdermal patches were tested for its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameters …

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In Children With Idiopathic Epilepsy A Cross-Sectional Study, Joel Philip, Nanasaheb M. Patil, Mahesh Kamate

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Aim:

This study sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children with idiopathic epilepsy (CWE).

Methodology:

Purposive sampling was done to select 94 children with idiopathic epilepsy. These children were administered the Abbreviated Conners Scale to screen for ADHD, which was then confirmed using DSM 5 diagnostic criteria.

Results:

23.4% of CWE were found to have comorbid ADHD, compared to 3-5% in the general population. The characteristics of ADHD also differed in our sample as compared to the general population.

Conclusion:

The findings of our study can help make diagnosticians more astute to …

Fundamental Tenets Of Epidemiology In Ayurveda And Their Contemporary Relevance, Janmejaya Samal

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Ayurveda, the science of life, is the most ancient medical doctrine of human civilization. Some of the basic principles described in Ayurveda are still the same as today's medical science. Ayurveda does not have a specific text as epidemiology, but the principles described in piecemeal can be compiled, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of modern theories of epidemiology.

Objective:

An initial systematic literature review by the help of internet-based search engines revealed very negligible work in the field of Ayurveda and epidemiology. Hence, an attempt was made to analyze various principles of Ayurveda relevant to epidemiology and interpret …

Algorithm Of Ancient Ayurveda Method Of Semen Analysis And Integrative Approach Toward Male Infertility, Sreenivasa Prasad Buduru, Giridhar Vedantam

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Ayurveda scientifically described as andrology (

Vajikarana

) incorporates semen morphology in normal and pathological conditions, as 8-fold pathological condition and therapy are based on them. Morphological and physicochemical evaluation methods of semen are useful in better diagnosis of clinical manifestation of underlying etiopathology. Based on the standard publications on andrology, an attempt is made to integrate the clinical and laboratory diagnostics of semen physiology and pathology, which help in understanding the abnormalities in conventional Ayurveda as well as modern medicine to plan appropriate pharmacotherapy. Integrative approach would open up new arena in andrology and widen the scope of therapeutic …

Clinical Profile Of A Case Of Alcoholic Liver Disease - An Ayurvedic Management, Vittal G. Huddar, Mahadev P. Mangane, Shweta Sheshappa Mumbaraddi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

A 35-year-old male diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) presented in outpatient department of Kayachikitsa with the complaints of yellowish discoloration of eyes, skin and dark urine, generalized itching, pale stools. Reduced appetite, nausea and disturbed sleep as alcohol withdrawal symptoms since 1-month. The modalities of treatment adopted were

Nitya virechana

(regular purgatives)

, Dronapushpi (Leucas cephalotes Spring.) Anjana

(medicated collyrium) and

shamanoushadhi

(palliative drugs). The total duration of the treatment including follow-up was 80 days. After the comprehensive Ayurvedic intervention, there was a complete remission of symptoms with normal hematological parameters. Hence presenting this case is an evidence to …

Diagnostic Outcome Of Bone Marrow Aspiration In A Pediatric Center In Kolkata, India, Arijit Majumdar, Nazir Abdul Wasim, Angshuman Jana, Soumali Biswas, Swagata Bhattacharyya

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Objectives:

To study the spectrum of hematological disorders in children at a tertiary care centre in Kolkata, India.

Settings:

This study was conducted at the department of Paediarics and the department of Pathology of Dr. B. C. Roy PGIPS, Kolkata. The study period was from January 2012 to December, 2014.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of charts of those patients who underwent bone marrow examination (aspiration) was made. Charts were analyzed in detail regarding history, examination and investigations. All findings were entered on a standard proforma.

Results:

BMA from 200 patients were analyzed. Nutritional anemia contributed highest number of cases among …

Disability In The Rural Areas Of Bareilly, India, Syed Esam Mahmood, Arun Singh, Zeashan H. Zaidi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Disability is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries. Eighty percent of the disabled reside in rural areas. Disability prevalence studies carried out in rural India are very few. Thus, studying the prevalence of disability in a rural community will be a useful contribution in proper health planning for the disabled.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and distribution of disability in terms of age, gender, education, religion, socioeconomic status, and types in a rural community of Bareilly.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the villages of Bithri Chainpur and Nawabganj Blocks of …

Concept Of Oja Vis -A -Vis Endoplasmic Reticular Function An Approach To Decode The Holistic View, Anagha Vishwas Ranade, Rabinarayan Acharya

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

In Ayurveda,

Oja

, being one of the most distinctive concepts is a factor of prime importance related to vitality.

Ayurveda

depicts the definition, types (Para, Apara); site (Hridaya- Heart, sarvashariravyapi - presence in cellular level), quantity (vindu-in drops), function (bala-vitality) and its derangement etiology etc. of

Oja

. Various researchers based on their own ideas have given its modern parlance with immunity and stem cell etc.

Objective:

To decipher the fundamental concept of

Oja

vis-ΰ-vis endoplasmic reticular function.

Material and Methods:

A critical analysis of information on

Oja

from available Ayurvedic literatureand endoplasmic reticular function form modern Physiology …

A Study Of The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Asthma In Urban Schools Of Ludhiana, Punjab, Kamaldeep Arora, Rashmi Ranjan Das, Puneet A. Pooni, Rashi Rustagi, Daljit Singh

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease being increasingly diagnosed in recent years. A review estimating the prevalence of bronchial asthma in the Indian children concluded the burden to be high than previously understood. There is paucity of data from Punjab, and no study from Ludhiana has estimated the true prevalence of asthma in urban area.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and risk factors for childhood asthma using questionnaires and pulmonary function tests.

Material and Methods:

This was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study over a period of 1.5 year in the age group of 5-15 years studying in …

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors-Paroxetine Induced Galactorrhea In A Case Of Somatoform Disorder, Ajay Halder, Pradeep K. Saha, Uday S. Mandal, Abhinanda Biswas

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Galactorrhea is one of the rarest complications of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We report a case of 35-year-old married woman who underwent treatment for somatoform disorder in psychiatry outpatient department. After receiving 7 weeks treatment of paroxetine, one of the SSRIs, she had whitish discharge from both of the nipples, which spontaneously disappeared within 1-week after withdrawal of drug. She had no concomitant pregnancy. No evidence of any raised intracranial pressure, extrapyramidal symptoms, visual disturbance were present and she had no history of local surgery or any infection. Thyroid and other hormonal assay like prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone …

Wilson′S Disease With A Rare Presentation Resistant Rickets, Tarakeswara Rao Pikala, Venkata Siva Sankara Murty Yerramilli, Madhusudhan Rao Karuparti, K. Lakshmi Priyadarshani

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism. The basic genetic defect is a combination of reduced synthesis of ceruloplasmin and defective excretion of copper in the bile. Abnormal and toxic amount of copper are deposited in various tissues. Clinical manifestations in Wilson

'

s diseases are protean and varied. We report a 13-year-old male child with knock-knee deformity, which progressed over 8 years without any other manifestations. High index of suspicion, meticulous examination, and relevant investigations confirmed Wilson's disease.

Determinants And Treatment Modalities Of Uterovaginal Prolapse A Retrospective Study, E. Sujindra, N. Himabindu, P. Sabita, A. Bupathy

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Introduction:

Prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse is increasing with increase in life expectancy of women. The reported prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse is different in different countries. Various studies have been reported on the prevalence, determinants, clinical manifestations and treatment modalities of uterovaginal prolapse.

Objectives:

Determine the prevalence of uterovaginal prolapse, identify determinants of uterovaginal prolapse, its clinical manifestations and describe different treatment options.

Study Design:

Retrospective study done on uterovaginal prolapse at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute in Puducherry in India from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014.

Results:

The mean age of the patients in our study …

Prevalence Of Non-Adherance And Its Associated Factors Of Hypertensive Patients At Jimma University Specialized Hospital In Southwest Ethiopia, Asmamaw Yenesew, Fanta Gashi, Ramanjireddy Tatiparthi

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Background:

Hypertension is an overwhelming disorder worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates; this may be due to poor adherence. Poor adherence leads to a bad outcome of the disease and increases the more loss of expenditure on resources. Adherence is a methodology of coincidence between the medication advices and patient's medication management behavior; it includes dosing frequency and time of intake. This study mainly focuses on the prevalence of adherence and its factors affecting on hypertensive patients follow-up at Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH).

Methods:

It is a hospital-based cross-sectional survey designed with a sample size of 150 subjects. …

Exercise And Neuro-Cognitive Functions In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus A Review, Harpreet Kour, V. A. Kothivale, Shivaprasad S. Goudar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

The current review integrates findings of published data which provides a comprehensive summary of the neuropsychological assessments conducted and have assessed the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for cognitive function. There is a convincing evidence of increased prevalence of T2DM in inactive individuals and cognitive deficits due to poorer control and inappropriate management of the T2DM. Exercise therapy has beneficial effects on improving glycemic control, cardiovascular risk profile, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical functioning, cognitive functions, and the well-being of patients with T2DM.

Preventing Bacterial Resistance Need Of The Hour, Gajanan S. Gaude

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

No abstract provided.

Melioration In Teaching An Aptitude Or An Attitude, Seema Hallikerimath, Anil Ankola

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Introduction:

Teaching is a process that facilitates learning by encouraging learners to think, feel, and do. Teaching-learning mechanism plays an important role in institutions in determining the effectiveness (quality) of the output in health care profession and not the efficiency (quantity) alone. The learning process should never cease, as in the present era of information explosion teachers have to keep themselves updated with the newer trends in science and technology. However, with vast technological aids advancement and material science available to us, we still stand in dilemma at times introspecting as to "How refined is our teaching and is our …

Effect Of Thoracic And Rib Manipulation On Pain And Restricted Shoulder Mobility In Subjects With Frozen Shoulder A Randomised Clinical Trial, Jyotsna V. Chitroda, Anand Heggannavar

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of thoracic and rib manipulation on pain and restricted shoulder mobility in subjects with frozen shoulder.

Relevance:

The term frozen shoulder was first introduced by Codman in 1934 and described as "a painful condition of insidious onset that was associated with stiffness and difficulty in sleeping on the affected side." The main physical therapy program consists of thermotherapy, shoulder exercise, mobilization techniques, Codman's exercise, and capsular stretches. Recent discussion in the physical therapy community has been targeted toward addressing the thoracic spine for treating the patients with shoulder impairments. …