Digital Commons Network^™

Chloride Transport In Low Clinker Content Concretes And Modeling, Pu Yang, Narayanan Neithalath, Manu Santhanam, Yuvaraj Dhandapani

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Chloride ion transport behaviour has been reported to be significantly influenced by the use of supplementary cementing materials in concrete, both due to physical effects such as pore structure refinement and chemical effects including chloride binding. This paper provides experimental results on diffusion of chloride ions through concretes containing limestone calcined clay as a cement replacement material at ~50% replacement level, demonstrating the beneficial effects of high-volume replacement of cement with calcined clay. A numerical simulation framework that considers the pore structure of concrete, the concentration-dependence of diffusion coefficient, and Freundlich binding is also presented. The diffusion model is augmented …

Enhancing The Durability Of Concrete Structures Through Digital Twins And Advanced Numerical Simulation, Tetsuya Ishida, Yuya Takahashi

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study applies a digital twin–based multi-scale and multi-physics simulation framework for durability assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The framework integrates thermo-hygro-chemical and structural analyses using DuCOM–COM3 to capture time-dependent deterioration processes such as fatigue and corrosion, and to assess their effects on structural performance under realistic environmental and loading conditions. Two case studies illustrate the methodology. The first addresses the fatigue behaviour of RC bridge slabs under moving wheel loads in both dry and wet environments. Numerical simulations reproduced field-observed deterioration patterns, including top-surface disintegration in wet conditions, and led to the development of a simplified predictive equation …

Enhancing Concrete Circularity In Construction: The Recyclebim Framework In Closing Material Loops, Miguel Azenha, Artur Kuzminykh, José Granja, Manuel Parente, M. Albadri, P. González-Cabaleiro, R. Túñez-Alcalde, Lucía Díaz-Vilariño, C. Cao, N. Ukrainczyk, E. Koenders, A. J. Babafemi, M. Colyn, W. De Villiers, A. Ditlhokwa, H. Els, K. Timm, G. Van Zijl, E. Ameh, J. Immelman, V. Ndjate, L. Petrik, E. Ciampi, G. Nisivoccia, M. G. Orecchio, E. Sandonis, V. Garcia, D. Garcia, A. Delaplace

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Despite significant progress in digitalisation across various sectors, the development of data-driven applications in the built environment remains ongoing, with a focus on improving labour productivity and addressing global sustainability challenges. The circular economy framework for reusing and recycling construction materials is still underexplored. Metrics on the amount and impact of construction and demolition waste (CDW) highlight the need for more effective circularity strategies. Although the circular economy seeks to minimise waste, maximise material reuse, and reduce environmental impacts, practical implementation within the construction sector requires further development—an area where digital technologies can offer substantial support. This study introduces the …

Revising Specifications To Enable New Materials And Adapting To Performance Of Low-Clinker Concretes, Robert Douglas Hooton, Lawrence Sutter

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

To support the concrete industry’s goals of meeting net-zero carbon-dioxide emissions by 2050, new types of lower-clinker cements are being developed for use. While Portland cement will continue to be used as part of the cementitious materials in the bulk of applications, use of Portland cement as the sole binder in concrete is diminishing globally. Reducing the clinker content of concretes is complicated by the limited and diminishing availability of traditionally used Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slags, whether added as separate additions to concrete or as components of blended cements. This …

Sulfate Addition To Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag For Use As A Supplementary Cementitious Material In Concrete, Kevin Scully, Michal Drewniok

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The drive towards net-zero carbon emissions within the cement and concrete industry has seen the utilisation of lower embodied carbon materials such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). This can however lead to overlooking the technical performance of such materials. Current EN standards restrict additions to GGBS, limiting the sulfate optimisation of the aluminate rich material and thus potentially impacting the performance of the resultant concrete. In the UK and Ireland, GGBS is generally added as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to the concrete mixer opposed to inter-grinding or blending in a binary or ternary cementitious system. Although practical in …

Decalcification Of Calcium Silicate Hydrate By Sulfate Attack: Material Degradation By Heterogeneous Charges, Muhan Wang, Xiangming Zhou, Chengbo Liu, Pan Wang, Dongshuai Hou

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Sulfate attack is a key factor limiting the durability of concrete in aggressive environments, primarily through the degradation of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), the main binding phase of cement. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of C–S–H decalcification under sulfate exposure by combining semi-empirical Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) with density functional theory (DFT). A C–S–H model with a Ca/Si ratio of 1.5 was simulated in aqueous environments with and without sulfate ions. BOMD trajectories revealed that while C–S–H remained largely stable in pure water, sulfate ions rapidly promoted Ca²⁺ desorption, leading to silicate chain fragmentation and Q²→Q¹ transitions. Electronic structure …

Mdea-Enhanced Co2 Sequestration Via Steel Slag Waste: Mechanisms And Microstructural Evolution During Aqueous Carbonation, Yanming Liu, Tao Shi, Xiangming Zhou

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The current CO2 sequestration efficiency (CO2 SE) of steel slag waste (SSW) remains relatively low, and the underlying mechanisms of the carbonation reaction are not fully understood, limiting its potential for resource utilisation. In this study, N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) was introduced into an aqueous carbonation system to enhance the CO2 SE of SSW, and the associated reaction mechanisms and microstructural evolutions were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the addition of 5 wt.% MDEA increased the CO2 sequestration rate (CO2 SR) to 14.44%, representing a 68.5% improvement over the control group. MDEA enhanced CO2 dissolution and diffusion in the aqueous …

Fractal Characterisation Of Crack Tortuosity And Its Correlation With Permeability In Concrete, Yuan Shen, Tamon Ueda

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study investigated fracture behaviour in four concrete grades (C40-C70) through controlled splitting tests. Using high-resolution 3D profilometry, we quantitatively characterised crack surface morphology and proposed a novel fractal dimension metric for tortuosity D_T. Post-repair permeability tests on 12 specimens (24 fracture surfaces) revealed: (1) conventional tortuosity showed weak permeability correlation (R²<0.350), while (2) D_T demonstrated superior predictive capability (R²=0.430). The developed fractal tortuosity index provides a robust multiscale quantification method for crack flow mechanism analysis.

Durability Of Cement-Based Materials In Deep Seas: A Review Of Chemical Aspects With New Results, Keisuke Takahashi, Yuichiro Kawabata, Hong Wong

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The application of cement-based materials in deep-sea environments presents serious durability challenges due to high hydrostatic pressure and low temperatures. This study reviews previous research and presents new findings from field exposure tests, including a 3-year exposure at 3500 m depth. Portland cement (PC) and blast furnace slag (BFS)-blended systems exhibited severe degradation, with BFS-based specimens showing complete disintegration. Microstructural analysis revealed calcium leaching, C–S–H decalcification, and secondary phase formation such as ettringite and Mg-based hydrates. In contrast, calcium aluminate cement (AC) demonstrated excellent resistance, retaining its shape and chemical integrity even after long-term exposure. Thermodynamic modelling partially supported these …

Investigation Of Corrosion Resistance Of Fly Ash Self-Compacting Mortar, Md Marghoobul Haque, Supratic Gupta

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

One of the leading reasons for failure of structural members is corrosion of reinforcement. Structures corresponding to the marine environment like ports, harbours and bridges are more susceptible towards the risk of corrosion. Chlorides are one of the main reasons for the initiation of corrosion which can penetrate from various sources like the marine atmospheric environment or the use of deicing salts in the colder regions. Corrosion is a long-term process, so, in this research, an accelerated corrosion testing of self-compacting mortar has been performed to understand the behaviour of addition of fly ash in the mortar mixes against the …

3d Rbsm Conduit Model For Simulating Moisture Transport In Compressively Damaged Concrete, Dawei Ren, Kohei Nagai

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study investigates the simulation of moisture transport in concrete under compressive damage using the 3D RBSM Conduit model. The model combines stress-strain responses from concrete compression experiments with detailed crack data, providing a realistic representation of crack development under varying load conditions. By implementing both unlubricated and lubricated compression tests, different failure modes were observed, influencing penetration patterns. Simulations show that the distribution of cracks significantly accelerates moisture penetration within the concrete. Notably, uniformly distributed cracks, typical of lubricated tests, facilitate deeper and faster moisture transport compared to more localized cracks observed in unlubricated tests. This study validates the …

Development Of Mesoscale Model For Volumetric Deformation Of Cementitious Materials In Deep-Sea Environment, Taito Miura, Ryosuke Hatta, Ryuta Amatsubo, Yuchiro Kawabata, Keisuke Takahashi

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study developed a mesoscale mechanical model capable of reproducing the volumetric deformation behaviour of cementitious materials in deep-sea environments. In the analysis, the rigid-body spring model (RBSM), a mesoscale mechanical model, was integrated with a truss network model (TNM) capable of evaluating mass transport, forming the RBSM-TNM framework. To assess the volumetric change of the skeleton under hydrostatic pressure, a creep model was applied to the mechanical springs representing the mechanical response of the skeleton. Additionally, the truss network model was employed to evaluate water penetration from the surface. Furthermore, based on the concept of poromechanics, the model was …

Computational Modelling Of 3d Mesostructure Of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Yi Ding, Gert Van Der Heijden, Mingzhong Zhang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has a complex mesostructure with heterogeneous compositions of aggregates, interfacial transition zones (ITZs), and mortar. It is still a big challenge to simulate the 3D mesostructure of RAC accounting for its inherent characteristics, which plays a crucial role in its mechanical properties and long-term durability. This study introduces an advanced computational framework based on Voronoi tessellation approach to generate the highly realistic 3D mesostructured of RAC. The proposed framework can address the key challenges in simulating irregular aggregate morphology and spatial distribution while effectively incorporating the multi-phase structure of RAC which consists of old and new …

Evaluation Of Ionic Behaviours Under Electric Field With Integrated Chemo-Electric Numerical Platform, Kai Matsutani, Zhao Wang, Yuya Takahashi, Tetsuya Ishida

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Chloride ion plays a critical role in terms of steel corrosion for reinforced concrete structures, which leads to structural degradation. To investigate the macro-cell corrosion and mechanical deterioration, an integrated chemo-electric numerical platform has been developed with spatial-averaged modelling of steel and concrete. The verification of macro-cell circuit in structural concrete induced by applied charge has been achieved, while the ionic behaviors under impressed charge evaluated by this platform remains unverified. This study numerically investigates the ionic behavior of chloride under both ponding and electrophoresis conditions with the integrated platform. Comparison between numerical simulation and available experimental data shows the …

Exploring Aerial Additive Manufacturing With Cementitious Materials Using Autonomous Drones, Richard James Ball, Barrie Dams, Paul Shepherd, Binling Chen

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Aerial additive manufacturing (AAM) represents a novel approach to construction by enabling untethered autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) to deposit cementitious materials in mid-flight, overcoming geometric and accessibility limitations associated with ground-based additive manufacturing. This study presents research to investigate the structural viability of cementitious mixes tailored for aerial extrusion, focusing on rheological optimisation, mechanical performance, and deposition feasibility. Pseudoplastic behaviour was achieved through the use of hydrocolloids, enabling low viscosity under shear for extrusion while rapidly stiffening post-deposition to maintain layer geometry. Fibre reinforcement and inorganic fullerene tungsten disulphide (IF-WS₂) nanoparticles were incorporated to enhance flexural strength, …

Microstructure Characterisation Of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash-Slag Paste At Elevated Temperatures, Wenlin Tu, Mingzhong Zhang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Alkali-activated fly ash-slag (AAFS) cured at ambient temperature has been considered as a promising eco-friendly alternative to traditional cement-based binders, offering reduced carbon emissions and enhanced durability. However, understanding how these materials respond to extreme conditions, particularly at high temperatures, remains a critical area of study. Therefore, it is essential to investigate this material for ensuring their reliability in fire-prone and high-temperature environments. This paper presents a systematic experimental study on microstructural and damage evolution in AAFS paste exposed to elevated temperatures (from 20 °C to 800 °C) in terms of changes in phase assemblage and pore structural characteristics as …

Recent Advances In Geopolymer Feedstocks Activation For Sustainable Cement Production, Oluyemi Kehinde, David J. Hughes, Emeka H. Amalu, Dali Bondar

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The growing environmental and safety issues posed by human activities have underlined the importance of Ordinary Portland Cement production, which is a major contributor to carbon dioxide emissions that impede Net Zero goals. The urgent need to produce cement substitutes with reduced carbon footprints has prompted research on geopolymers formed from industrial mineral wastes. These materials provide promising sustainable development solutions, but the selection of appropriate activation methods remains a significant constraint to their widespread industrial and economical application. A systematic review using the PRISMA protocol included 302 recent and relevant papers, identifying four principal activation strategies and their combinations …

Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete Structural Members, Jubilant Nyasha Chidziya, Chikako Fujiyama

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an innovative and sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) for structures in seismic prone areas owing to tough and ductile performance due to strong bond with steel reinforcement. However, the application of GPC in construction projects is low due to limited understanding of the long-term performance of structural members. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of steel fibres on the flexural properties of self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) and OPC beams. The study involved investigation of the fresh and mechanical properties of concrete. Structural parameters such as toughness, and ductility index …

Durability Performance Of 3d-Printed Ultra-High Strength Concrete Incorporating Corrosion Inhibitor, Jyotish Kumar Das, M. Mirza Abdillah Pratama, Behzad Nematollahi, Maurizio Guadagnini

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This paper reports preliminary results on the durability performance of a 3D-printed ultra-high strength concrete (3DP-UHSC). A nitrite-based compound was added at varying dosages (0%, 2%, and 4% by mass of binder) to the developed 3DP-UHSC as a corrosion inhibitor. The effects of the corrosion inhibitor on the workability of fresh mixes and the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths in various directions) of the 3DP-UHSC mixes were studied. Furthermore, the durability performance of the 3DP-UHSC was assessed by conducting porosity, water absorption, and chloride permeability measurements. Mould-cast specimens were also prepared and tested for comparison purposes. The results indicated …

A Comprehensive Approach Addressing The Most Chronic And Emerging Contaminants Along The Egyptian Mediterranean Coast, Tarek O. Said

Blue Economy

Newly identified substances known as emerging contaminants (ECs) are harmful to the environment and public health, frequently because limited regulation and incomplete understanding of their impacts. They comprise a broad variety of materials, such as insecticides, industrial wastes, personal care items, and medications. Persistent pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that have remained in the environment for an extended period of time. They tend to move through the atmosphere over enormous distances making them a chronic contaminant and may harm ecology and humanity over time. In Egypt, particularly within its Mediterranean Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), heavy metal (HM) contamination is increasingly …

Ozark Historical Review, V. 44, 2015

The Ozark Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Tableau Part Ii - October 2025, Rubab Shahzad

Day Family Research Lab Workshop Series

Part Two of Introduction to Tableau. Learn to make cool visualizations using Tableau. A hands-on opportunity where we will go over calculated fields, hierarchies, unions, dashboards, and stories.

Prior experience with Tableau is recommended

Incorporating An Innovative Kennel In A Guide Dog Program Based On The Health And Welfare Of Dogs And Humans, Naoko Koda, Miwa Murata, Sakura Mizuta

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

During guide dog training, dogs live in kennels and lack house training. The demand for guide dogs that can live easily with their users who are visually impaired is increasing. The Kansai Guide Dogs for the Blind Association (KGBDA) in Japan built an innovative wooden kennel (Mokka Terrace) that is more similar to homes than general kennels and that efficiently controlled dogs and reviewed their operations. This study conducted a literature survey, participant observations, and semi-structured interviews with staff to clarify the background and consensus-building process involved in creating the Mokka Terrace, corresponding efforts, and its strengths, issues, and prospects. …

J Am Coll Dent 2018 85 1

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

Utilitarianism, Dune, And The Moral Problem Of Genetic Engineering, Mathias W. Alling

Quest

Moral Philosophy Essay

Research in progress for PHIL 2306: Introduction to Ethics (Honors)

Faculty Mentor: John Macready, PhD

This article began as a research essay during the Fall 2024 semester for my honors- level course, Introduction to Ethics (PHIL 2306). In this course, students are asked to research a moral issue and offer an argument for whether the issue is morally required, morally permitted, morally permissible, or morally impermissible. Mathias Alling’s philosophically ambitious article “Utilitarianism, Dune, and the Moral Problem of Genetic Engineering” examines the moral permissibility of genetic engineering through the fictional universe of Frank Herbert’s novel Dune …

Billiken As Transcultural Object From American Mascot To Japanese Pop Deity, M.W. Shores

Asia Pacific Perspectives

This article examines Billiken’s transcultural journey from American novelty mascot (1908) to cultural icon, illuminating early twentieth-century Pacific exchange networks and patterns of cultural adaptation. Drawing on American and Japanese archives, it demonstrates how this commercial figure, born from Progressive Era optimism and incorporating Japanese (and Orientalist) design elements, was transformed within Japanese religious and cultural frameworks. The study analyzes Billiken’s metamorphosis from “good luck” commodity to quasi-religious icon, particularly in Osaka’s Shinsekai district, where strategic marketing drove his its late twentieth-century revival after decades of obscurity. While largely forgotten in America and elsewhere, Billiken’s endurance in Osaka challenges narratives …

Using Public Narrative In The Basic Course, Jenifer Goblish, Mark Fokken, Ben Walker

Basic Communication Course Annual

Higher education is rapidly changing and in order to survive instructors need to meet students where they are; this means rethinking and challenging some of the traditional approaches to public speaking in the Basic Communication Course (BCC). This essay outlines how the authors implemented a new assignment in their BCC based on Marshall Ganz’s concept of the Public Narrative. The authors explain their approach and review the benefits and challenges of implementing the Public Narrative into their BCC.

Speech Delivery Versus Speech Content: How Do Non-Expert Audiences Assess Public Speeches?, David G. Levasseur, Elizabeth A. Munz

Basic Communication Course Annual

Public speaking classes should ideally produce students whose speeches are favorably received by an audience. Unfortunately, we actually know very little about how non-expert audiences assess such speeches. Given this information gap, the present study asked untrained public speakers to watch and rate a variety of speeches. Participants were also asked to provide qualitative comments to justify their speech ratings. These qualitative comments were content analyzed, and the content analysis results revealed that participants’ evaluative observations: (1) focused much more on speech delivery than on speech content; (2) referenced specific nonverbal channels (e.g. eye contact) more than combined nonverbal clusters …

From Public Speaking To Multimodal Communication: A Reevaluation Of The Basic Communication Course, Stephanie Medden, Brian Myers, Kristin Roberts-Raymond, Maik Stanitzke

Basic Communication Course Annual

This article contributes to ongoing discussions regarding the evolution of the basic communication course. The authors detail the multi-year process of redesigning their institution's basic communication course, now centered on multimodal communication, and share insights from its implementation. Emphasizing the need to respond to increased cultural and linguistic diversity, a high prevalence of speaking anxiety, and the need to development multimodal communication competencies, the course redesign underscores the necessity for communication educators to adapt proactively to changing cultural, educational, and professional landscapes. Drawing from data collected through faculty and student surveys and focus groups, the authors highlight how incorporating linguistic …

“It Would Just Show The Teachers Don’T Care”: Exploring Student Perceptions Of Introductory Communication Courses And Instructor Value In The Ai Era, Brandi N. Frisby, Joe C. Martin, Jessalyn I. Vallade, Renee Kaufmann

Basic Communication Course Annual

As generative AI grows in popularity, so do the concerns regarding whether this technology has the capability to effectively teach written and oral communication skills, thereby affecting the perceived value students place on introductory communication courses (ICC). This study sought to address that concern by asking students to provide qualitative and quantitative responses on (a) the effect of generative AI on their development of essential communication skills, (b) the value of the ICC in the face of generative AI capabilities, and (c) perceptions of instructors’ use of generative AI for instructional responsibilities. Results highlight students’ preference for human instruction over …