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Numerical Study Of Bond Stress-Slip Relationship In Large Scale Reactive Powder Concrete Beams, Eyad Sayhood, Sameh Tobeia, Ammar Ali Aug 2026

Numerical Study Of Bond Stress-Slip Relationship In Large Scale Reactive Powder Concrete Beams, Eyad Sayhood, Sameh Tobeia, Ammar Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

As the reactive powder concrete (RPC) represents one of the ultra-high performance concrete types that recently used in public works and in the presence of several attempts that aims to examine the behavior of RPC, this work aims to theoretically study the bond stress between RPC and steel bars and the corresponding slip for large reactive powder concrete beams by using finite element models done by ANSYS 16.1 software. Where, these numerical models were verified through several comparisons between their results, and the experimental one from previous work, in which good agreement were achieved. The effects of several parameters on …

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Ethical Responsibility In The Practice Of Architecture, Abdullah Almaamouri Aug 2026

Ethical Responsibility In The Practice Of Architecture, Abdullah Almaamouri

Engineering and Technology Journal

The research deals with the concept of ethical responsibility as one of the most influential concepts in the process of practicing architecture. It is defined as “systems of ethical principles and engineering rules governing the architect in making decisions of design practice, making them sound, preventing them from making mistakes during the stages of design, and the maintenance “by the commitment to them, result in creative architectural texts benefit the individual and society,” and thus determine the research problem in (Lack of cognitive perception of the role of moral responsibility in the practice of architecture). Therefore, the research aims at …

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An Experimental Investigation On Thermal Efficiency Of Flat Plate Tube Solar Collector Using Nanofluid With Solar Tracking Mechanism, Saad Hamidi Aug 2026

An Experimental Investigation On Thermal Efficiency Of Flat Plate Tube Solar Collector Using Nanofluid With Solar Tracking Mechanism, Saad Hamidi

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the present work, flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) in terms of various parameters as well as in respect of lower (Area of FPSC, volume fraction concentration of nanofluids, and mass flow rate) has been studied in this work. The FPSC has been fabricated with 0.192 m2, Dioxide silicon SiO2 (40nm) with the volume fraction of SiO2+Distilled water (0.05, 0.075, and 0.1%) and varying of flow rate (10, 15, 20L/h). These technological devices operate under forced circulation mode of fluid under varying climate conditions. The tracking mechanism has been used in the experiment of FPSC for tracking the sun position during …

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Investigation The Creep-Fatigue Behavior And A.C. Electrical Conductivity Of Aa 6061 Under Ultrasonic Peening, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Ahmed Reja, Mahmood Abbas Aug 2026

Investigation The Creep-Fatigue Behavior And A.C. Electrical Conductivity Of Aa 6061 Under Ultrasonic Peening, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Ahmed Reja, Mahmood Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

Ultrasonic peening is an innovative surface improvement process used to increase the resistance of aircraft metals and enhance high cycle fatigue life. The process creates residual compressive stresses deep into part surfaces. These compressive surface stresses inhibit the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Aluminum alloys are relatively new materials used in aerospace, marine, automobile, and bridges due to low weight, which has significant advantages compared to the other materials. A major concern in the design of Aluminum alloys subjected to variable loads is fatigue strength and life. In this paper mechanical properties, fatigue strength, fatigue life and A.C.. electrical …

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Structural And Morphological Investigation Of Cr2o3/Wo3oxides Films Composite Using Modified Spray Pyrolysis Technique, Zena Salman, Farhad Othman, Alaa Abdul-Hamed Aug 2026

Structural And Morphological Investigation Of Cr2o3/Wo3oxides Films Composite Using Modified Spray Pyrolysis Technique, Zena Salman, Farhad Othman, Alaa Abdul-Hamed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Cr2O3/WO3 oxides film composite was successfully synthesized via advanced controlled chemical spray pyrolysis deposition technique using two nozzles. Two solutions of tungstic acid and chromium chloride was sprayed separately at various ratios of (W: Cr) at the same time on a silicon substrate at 500 °C, the film then heat-treated at 400 °C for the 60s. The crystal structure, microstructure and morphology properties of prepared films were studied. Based on characterization techniques, crystallized Cr2O3/WO3 mixed oxides films were investigated by X-ray diffraction after the annealing process, with film thickness of about 500 nm. The SEM and AFM revealed that rough …

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Survey Of User To User Recommendation System In Online Social Networks, Sammer Qader, Ayad Abbas Aug 2026

Survey Of User To User Recommendation System In Online Social Networks, Sammer Qader, Ayad Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The widespread use of online social networks (OSN) and their applications by users lead to the lack of knowledge identification of their needs across the vast amount of data, which made the need to create systems that help people to solve the problems and make decisions with more accuracy, an example of these systems is the Recommendation system (RS), which helps users to make decision and save time in search on a commercial or personal level, one of the most critical types of recommendation systems is the friends recommendation system (FRS) . In this survey, several studies have been suggested …

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The Air Bubbles Effect For Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Using 650 Nm Wavelength, Salah Adnan, Mazin Ali, Fatima Hakwar Aug 2026

The Air Bubbles Effect For Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Using 650 Nm Wavelength, Salah Adnan, Mazin Ali, Fatima Hakwar

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, texts were sent by pulse width modulation(PWM) in the channel of clean water usingArduino hardware and software for an underwater wireless opticalcommunication system (UWOC). The air bubbles device utilized thedisturbance at different distances from the transmitter source within thechannel of clean water. The total length of the channel is (1) m. In thisstudy, the source of transmitter wavelengths 650 nm was used with thepower of 80mw. The results showed that the received power was 32 mWin the clean water, while when air bubbles pump within the channel ofclean water at 0.2m, 0.5m and 0.8m away from the …

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An Overview On Most Effective Dras In Crude Oil Pipelines, Raheeq Ibrahim, Manal Odah, Dhoha Shafeeq Aug 2026

An Overview On Most Effective Dras In Crude Oil Pipelines, Raheeq Ibrahim, Manal Odah, Dhoha Shafeeq

Engineering and Technology Journal

The flow of crude oil in pipelines suffers from a problem of fluid flow pressure drop and high-energy consumption for pumping especially in low temperatures environment. Flow can be enhanced using viscosity either reduction or drag reduction techniques. Drag reduction is considered as the most effective and most applicable method. The technique contributes in reducing the frictional energy losses during the flow by addition of little doses of materials knowing as drag-reducing agents. The present work focuses on more recent and most applicable drag-reducing agents used in crude oil flow enhancement via pipelines.

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Investigation The Morphological Characteristics Of The Particulate Matter Emissions From The Oxygenated Fuels Combustion In Diesel Engines, Mohammed Fayad, Bashar Al-Ogaidi Aug 2026

Investigation The Morphological Characteristics Of The Particulate Matter Emissions From The Oxygenated Fuels Combustion In Diesel Engines, Mohammed Fayad, Bashar Al-Ogaidi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Understanding the size and morphological properties of particulate matter (PM) is essential to improve analysis of the process of PM formation in diesel engines. These will help to reduce undesirable environmental impact and health effects. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the changes in size characteristics of PM/soot and soot reactivity. Furthermore, improve the oxidation of soot particles in diesel engines is necessary under the range of different fuel combustions. Oxygenated fuels (e.g., ethanol blend, E10 and butanol blend, B16) were used in this experimental study to show how insignificant changes …

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Recycling Of Waste Paraffin Wax By The Addition Of Sio2 Nano-Powders To Improve Thermal Conductivity, Aseel Al-Zubaidi Aug 2026

Recycling Of Waste Paraffin Wax By The Addition Of Sio2 Nano-Powders To Improve Thermal Conductivity, Aseel Al-Zubaidi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Paraffin wax is an important material used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The thermal conductivity of the material is an important parameter that decides the degree of exploitation of the paraffin wax in TES systems. The thermal conductivity is improved by the addition of silicon oxide nanoparticles (1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) to the paraffin wax. The average size of the SiO2 particles is equal to 38 nm. The addition of SiO2 nano-particles at very small ratios was found to enhance the thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax considerably. SiO2 nanoparticles, add to paraffin wax, have a significant effect …

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Effect Of Radial Clearance On Stress And Strain Distribution In The Astral Deep Drawing, Waleed Jawad, Ali Ikal Aug 2026

Effect Of Radial Clearance On Stress And Strain Distribution In The Astral Deep Drawing, Waleed Jawad, Ali Ikal

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, an astral die was designed and constructed to produce anastral cup in the deep drawing operation by experimental work and numericalsimulation. The influence of radial clearance on drawing load, cup high, thedistribution of stress, strain and thickness along the side wall, minor and majoraxis were also studied. The deep drawing process was carried out to produce anastral cup with an inner dimension of (41.5mm × 34.69mm), and (30mm) heightdrawn from a blank sheet with a thickness of (0.7) and diameter (80) made of lowcarbon steel. A commercial program (ANSYS18.0) was used to perform thenumerical simulation. Three types …

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A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection And Isolationsystem For Dc Motor Of Robot Manipulator, Arkan Jassim, Abbas Issa, Qusay Jawad Aug 2026

A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection And Isolationsystem For Dc Motor Of Robot Manipulator, Arkan Jassim, Abbas Issa, Qusay Jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the detecting and isolating fault that occurs in (actuator and sensor) in robot manipulator, which is used as a mathematical model were proposed for fault detection, where the neural network was used to detect the fault. The neural network was trained on the data set obtained from the Input/output on the (DC motor).The output of the sensor or actuator was compared with the output of the model (neural network) after that the residual signal is used to detect the fault. The fuzzy logic circuit was used for fault isolation that is depending on the residual signal from …

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Characteristics Of Artificial, Gypsified And Natural Gypseous Soils Under Dry Condition, Wisam Yaqoob, Falah Rahil, Moammed Al-Neami Aug 2026

Characteristics Of Artificial, Gypsified And Natural Gypseous Soils Under Dry Condition, Wisam Yaqoob, Falah Rahil, Moammed Al-Neami

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gypseous soil characteristics were studied types many researchers, but the bearing capacity of sandy gypseous soil with different preparing of the soil models were tested in dry condition under static and cyclic loads in this study, three types of gypseous soils are prepared (artificial, gypsified and natural gypseous soils). The laboratory tests were needed to evaluate geotechnical soil properties. The main objective of this study is testing of the soil models in dry condition for measuring earth pressures with displacements of the soil models under monotonic and repeated loads within relatively large manufactured physical model. The results found that the …

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A Cooperation Of Fog Computing And Smart Gateways In A Secure And Efficient Architecture For Iot-Based Smart Homes, Amin Seno, Sahar Alshammari Aug 2026

A Cooperation Of Fog Computing And Smart Gateways In A Secure And Efficient Architecture For Iot-Based Smart Homes, Amin Seno, Sahar Alshammari

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) is growing to be a serious factor in numerous areas of our daily life style. Internet of Things brings different opportunities of intelligence to important aspects such as health, payments, energy management, industrial sectors, transportation and also many other specialties. It is important to notice that the interaction between these two part the embedded equipment and Cloud based web services is such a common or prevalent scenario of Internet of Things deployment. When it comes to the security point of view, jointly users (consumer) and smart devices need to reassure and establish a secure and …

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Assessing Water Quality For Al-Diwaniyah River, Iraq Using Gis Technique, Khalid Hussein, Sataa Al-Bayati, Salih A.A. Al-Bakri Al-Bakri Aug 2026

Assessing Water Quality For Al-Diwaniyah River, Iraq Using Gis Technique, Khalid Hussein, Sataa Al-Bayati, Salih A.A. Al-Bakri Al-Bakri

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this  study,  Al-Diwaniyah  River  within  Al-Diwaniyah  Governorate was monitored for a set of chemical, physical,and bacteriological parameters for the assessment of water quality during January to July 2018. Water quality maps for  this  river  were  plotted  torepresent  the  change  in  each  parameter  during  the study  period  using  GIS  program.  Three  sampling  stations  along  the  river  and eighteen parameters were selected: air temperature, water temperature, turbidity, pH  value,  electrical  conductivity  (EC),  biochemical  oxygen  demand  (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, chloride, Sulfate, total suspended solids (TSS), total  dissolved  solids  (TDS),  calcium,  magnesium,  total  hardness,  lead,  total coliform,and  Escherichia  coli  bacteria.  The …

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Torsional Behavior Of Solid And Hollow Core Self Compacting Concrete Beams Reinforced With Steel Fibers, Tareq Al-Attar, Sarmad Abdul Qader, Hind Hussain Aug 2026

Torsional Behavior Of Solid And Hollow Core Self Compacting Concrete Beams Reinforced With Steel Fibers, Tareq Al-Attar, Sarmad Abdul Qader, Hind Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

Torsion of structural members and the behavior of steel fiber self- compacting reinforced concrete became the area of interest for many researchers nowadays. The experimental program of the present work consists of casting nine reinforced self-compacting concrete beams in three groups. Each group consists of three beams with the dimensions of 200×300×1500 mm. The first beam has a solid cross-section, the second beam has a hollow core with the dimensions of 60×120×1500mm and the last beam has a hollow core with the dimensions of 80×180×1500mm. The steel fiber contents were 0, 0.5 and 1.0 % by volume for first, second …

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Physical And Chemical Characteristics Comparison Of The Drinking Water And Water Produced From The Conventional And Modification Solar Water Distillery, Hussein Mohammed Ali, Sabah Ahmed Aug 2026

Physical And Chemical Characteristics Comparison Of The Drinking Water And Water Produced From The Conventional And Modification Solar Water Distillery, Hussein Mohammed Ali, Sabah Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

A comparison of the physical and chemical characteristics of water samples produced from the conventional and modification solar water distilleries, and water samples of networks from different regions in Kirkuk were carried out. Two samples of each water type were tested. The study has focused on measuring the total dissolved solids, pH, electrical conductivity, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sulfate, nitric and chloride. The results show that all tests of distillate water produced from the solar water distillery are within Iraqi and world standards lower than the other samples, but only pH values ranged from 7 to 8.3, which are within …

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Removal Performance Assessment Of Dyes In Solution Using Mesoporous Mcm-41 Prepared From Iraqi Rice Husk, Najat Saleh, Anaam Sabri, Ban Abdul Hussein Aug 2026

Removal Performance Assessment Of Dyes In Solution Using Mesoporous Mcm-41 Prepared From Iraqi Rice Husk, Najat Saleh, Anaam Sabri, Ban Abdul Hussein

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, mesoporous silica MCM-41 material was synthesized using Iraqi rice husk for the first time, as silica precursor and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. MCM-41 was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Then the ability of MCM-41 as adsorbents were tested to treat dyes as one of the organic pollutants from synthetic wastewater . The adsorption behavior of Gentian violet(GV), Methylene blue(MB) and Congo red(CR) dyes from synthetic wastewater onto mesoporous MCM-41 was tested. Batch adsorption was employed to …

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Improving The Properties Of Main Drainage Water By Using Of Magnetic Field Technique, Olla Kareem, Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy, Riyad Al-Anbari Aug 2026

Improving The Properties Of Main Drainage Water By Using Of Magnetic Field Technique, Olla Kareem, Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy, Riyad Al-Anbari

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, main drainage channel treated by using a magnetic field with a density of (6000 Guesses). The general drain water samples flowed through the magnetic field with three levels of treatment (5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes) depending on the contact time. After treatment, it was found that the magnetic field works to improve more than ten physical and chemical properties of water. Essentially, Magnetic treatment has had a significant effect on the high salt content found in general drain water samples as it has been reduced and converted into simpler compounds. In addition, the magnetic field …

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Study On Removal Of Vanadium From Iraqi Crude Oil By Prepared Nanozeolites, Amin Tamer, Faras Mohammed, Luma Mahmood, Marwan Hussein Hussein, Mahdie Hanyn Aug 2026

Study On Removal Of Vanadium From Iraqi Crude Oil By Prepared Nanozeolites, Amin Tamer, Faras Mohammed, Luma Mahmood, Marwan Hussein Hussein, Mahdie Hanyn

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present study has been conducted to investigate the removal of vanadium from Iraqi crude oil by prepared zeolite nanoparticles. Ball milling was used as a top-down approach to synthesize zeolite nanoparticles. Different variables such as adsorbent loading, Vanadium loading, and operating time were investigated for their influence on Vanadium removal. Experimental results of adsorption test show that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms predict well with the experimental data. Kinetic analysis of the studied system gives the following linear equations, For Langmuir isotherm: 1����=1.6505 1����−0.0139 with R2 = 0.9738, For Freundlich isotherm: ��������=1.0848 1���� – 0.4412 with R2 = 0.9711XRD …

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Optimization Using Taguchi Method For Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Bio Mimicking Polymeric Matrix Composite For Orthodontic Application, Jenan Kashan Aug 2026

Optimization Using Taguchi Method For Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Bio Mimicking Polymeric Matrix Composite For Orthodontic Application, Jenan Kashan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work take in consideration the application of Taguchi optimization methodology in optimizing the parameters for processing (composition, compounding pressure) and their effects on the output physical (Density and true porosity) properties and mechanical(fracture strength and microhardness) properties for the Nano HA,Al2O3 fillers reinforced HDPE hybrid composite material for orthodontic application. An orthogonal array of the Taguchi approach was used to analyses the effect of the processing parameters on the physical and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the surface roughness and particle size distribution were also calculated to study their effect on the output properties. The result shows that …

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A Group Authentication Protocol On Multilayer Structure For Privacy-Preserving Iot Environment, Maytham Azhar, Amin Seno Aug 2026

A Group Authentication Protocol On Multilayer Structure For Privacy-Preserving Iot Environment, Maytham Azhar, Amin Seno

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the Internet of Things (IoT) systems, large amounts of data are accumulated from anywhere at any time, which may attack individuals' privacy, especially when systems are utilized in medical and everyday environments. With the promise of IoT's proactive systems, the integration of smart things into standard Internet creates several security challenges, because most Internet technologies, communication protocols and sensors are not designed to support IoT. Recent research studies have shown that launching security / privacy attacks against IoT active systems, in particular, Wearable Medical Sensor (WMS) systems, may lead to catastrophic situations and life-threatening conditions. Therefore, security threats and …

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Removal Oil From Produced Water By Using Adsorption Method With Adsorbent A Papyrus Reeds, Firas Al-Zuhairi, Rana Azeez, Suhair Mahdi, Wafaa Kadhim Kadhim, Muna Al-Naamee Aug 2026

Removal Oil From Produced Water By Using Adsorption Method With Adsorbent A Papyrus Reeds, Firas Al-Zuhairi, Rana Azeez, Suhair Mahdi, Wafaa Kadhim Kadhim, Muna Al-Naamee

Engineering and Technology Journal

A papyrus reed, as a type of unusable farming waste, was used as akind of low-cost biosorbent for the elimination a crude oil from produced waterthat was produced in an Al-Ahdab field, Iraq, in a batch stirred operationmode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) were used to characterize the biosorbent before and afteradsorption. Batch tests were employed as a function of the contact time,adsorbent dose, and the pH of the solution. The experimental results show atincreases the amount adsorbent dosage, pH and contact times, the removalefficiencies were increases and optimum condition was obtained at pH valueequal to …

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Effect Of Practical Training On Engineering Education, Fadhel Faraje, Saja Jabbar, Khalid Sadeq Aug 2026

Effect Of Practical Training On Engineering Education, Fadhel Faraje, Saja Jabbar, Khalid Sadeq

Engineering and Technology Journal

The laboratory training is one of the most important methods of the distinctive and fundamental role that stimulate the skills of creative scientific thinking and develop deductive and critical thinking to cope with the scientific developments and technological progress in the world. Therefore, it has been found that many researchers conducted at different levels of learners pointed to the importance of the inclusion of this type of teaching methods, Which makes the learner in direct contact with the artificial environment simulates what is happening in the laboratories and factories and areas of work related to their competence after graduation, which …

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Study The Effect Of Apply The Problem Based Learning In Engineering Education, Raed Hwayyin, Azhar Ameed Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Apply The Problem Based Learning In Engineering Education, Raed Hwayyin, Azhar Ameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The study examined the effect of application of the problem-based learning method of teaching engineering students in the Department of Petroleum Technology compared to traditional teaching methods (lecture). The problem-based learning method involved a number of assessments and exams that students individually and collectively performed. The study investigates the first class students of petroleum technology department of two subjects which are the calculus and engineering practice subjects. The study is use the statistical calculations to compare between applying the problem based learning and tradition method “lecture method” in engineering education, and taking into consideration the individual differences between students to …

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Different Levels Of Engineering Education (Ee): Needs And Applications, Ameen Al-Juboori, Aws Al-Akam, Amir Saud Aug 2026

Different Levels Of Engineering Education (Ee): Needs And Applications, Ameen Al-Juboori, Aws Al-Akam, Amir Saud

Engineering and Technology Journal

Engineering education is often described as being constructivist, suggesting that learning involves constructing an understanding of several components. There is a commonly used series of levels of learning. It is most frequently presented in terms of six levels of understanding. Every learner has to follow these levels. However, the impact of these levels may vary from one learner to another. This paper study the impact of one different level of Engineering Education (EE) on the different background of learners. Furthermore, it investigates the problems that face EE in Iraq and offers several solutions. This work is the first step to …

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Assessing The Level Of Reflective Thinking In Engineering Teachers During The Process Of Research Action, Raudhah Ali, Abdulhadi Al-Saady, Najah Al Maimuri Aug 2026

Assessing The Level Of Reflective Thinking In Engineering Teachers During The Process Of Research Action, Raudhah Ali, Abdulhadi Al-Saady, Najah Al Maimuri

Engineering and Technology Journal

A hydrogeologic study has been adopted to conceptualize the concepts of groundwater levels lowering in swamped area of Tyass, middle of Iraq. 2D dimensional groundwater model and, mitigation model have been used to mitigate the aquifer against high salinity and chemical pollutants by the mitigation theory of heterogeneous subsurface media which basically depends upon physical and mathematical derivation, evaluation of chemical pollutants and total dissolved salts (TDS) of subsurface water before and after mitigation process. The water table level was lowered up to 2.43m at the center of a pumping well of abstraction discharge (400m3/day) obtained after 2755days in steady …

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E-Learning Applications In Engineering And The Project-Based Learning Vs Problem-Based Learning Styles: A Critical & Comparative Study, Hatim Abood Aug 2026

E-Learning Applications In Engineering And The Project-Based Learning Vs Problem-Based Learning Styles: A Critical & Comparative Study, Hatim Abood

Engineering and Technology Journal

The paper aims to critically review the learning styles and teaching methods of engineering curricula and to compare it with the requirements of engineering profession. Present engineers need to response effectively to the increasingly complex systems. The engineer has to deal with vector and scaler quantities, complex numbers, imaginary parts, electromagnetic fields, and complex constructions are designed and implemented in 3-Dimensions environment. This should be reflected in engineering education styles, where lecturers try to convey many aspects of complex systems. The purpose of engineering education is that to graduate engineers who can design and solve technical problems, and that design …

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Mapping Lclu Using Python Scripting, Oday Jasim, Khalid Hasoon, Noor Sadiqe Aug 2026

Mapping Lclu Using Python Scripting, Oday Jasim, Khalid Hasoon, Noor Sadiqe

Engineering and Technology Journal

Land cover land use changes constantly with the time at local, regional, and global scales, therefore, remote sensing provides wide, and broad information for quantifying the location, extent, and variability of change; the reason and processes of change; and the responses to and consequences of change. And considering to the importance of mapping of (LCLU). For that reason this study will focus on the problems arising from the traditional classification (LCLU) that based on spatial resolution only which leads to prediction a thematic map with noisy classes, and using a new method that depend on spectral and spatial resolution to …

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The Extraction Of Alumina From Kaolin, Alaa Ali, Mohammed Al-Taie, Ihab Ayoob Aug 2026

The Extraction Of Alumina From Kaolin, Alaa Ali, Mohammed Al-Taie, Ihab Ayoob

Engineering and Technology Journal

Alumina has wide industrial and technological applications that can be extracted from different locations, different methods and materials. Kaolin from Iraq Alduikhla astrologer has used as a raw material source for alumina production. The alumina concentration in the Iraqi kaolin is more than 34% which considered as a good replacement for bauxite rack. Crushing andground is the first process to reduce the kaolin particle size to the micron level which increases the surface area of kaolin.The kaolin is heat treated at different temperatures (600, 650, 700 and 750) ̊C for 2 hours to remove some of ithe mpurity like organic …

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