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A Few Crazy Ladies: How Women Broke Down Barriers And Created A Place For Female Martial Artists In Florida, 1974-1983, Christopher David Thrasher May 2022

A Few Crazy Ladies: How Women Broke Down Barriers And Created A Place For Female Martial Artists In Florida, 1974-1983, Christopher David Thrasher

Florida Historical Quarterly

In September 1974, Black Belt Magazine published a letter from Karen Swanson, a school teacher living in Tallahassee, Florida. Swanson thanked the editors for their recent hire of the New York historian and martial artist Valarie Eads to write a reoccurring column in their magazine on female fighters titled "Fighting Woman." Swanson described herself as an active feminist who wanted to learn self-defense under the guidance of a female teacher. Swanson lamented that there were no female martial arts teachers in north Florida and therefore she had been forced to look for a male instructor. Swanson explained that most male …

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Time To Grow Up: The Rise And Fall Of Spring Break In Fort Lauderdale, James Schiltz May 2022

Time To Grow Up: The Rise And Fall Of Spring Break In Fort Lauderdale, James Schiltz

Florida Historical Quarterly

Every year millions of American college students embark upon their spring break odysseys south to enjoy a break from classes and inclement weather. Contrary to the degenerative nature of today's spring breaks, the genesis of the custom was rather innocent. In 1934, before the ubiquity of collegiate indoor swimming pools, Colgate University's swimming coach Sam Ingram became concerned that the harsh winters of upstate New York were inhibiting his team's strength and conditioning. At the suggestion of a swimmer's father who hailed from South Florida, Ingram and his team traveled to Fort Lauderdale to train at the Las Olas Casino …

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New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill May 2022

New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill

Florida Historical Quarterly

Grant, the first governor of the British province of East Florida, arrived at St. Augustine in 1763 with a determination to prioritize Indian diplomacy. He desperately wanted to avoid violence between settlers and the neighboring Creek Indians, as he feared that internecine warfare on the frontier would scare potential immigrants from moving to the colony. The governor sought peaceful relations, not as a humanitarian aim, but as a means of advancing his goal of developing East Florida. To this end, Grant devised what he called a "new system" for the management of Indian affairs. This "new system," actually relied on …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Stojanowski, Mission Cemeteries, Mission Peoples: Historical and Evolutionary Dimensions of Intracemetery Bioarchaeology in Spanish Florida. by Robert L. Thunen; Block, Ordinary Lives in the Early Caribbean: Religion, Colonial Competition, and the Politics of Profit. by Kris Lane; Watson, Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821. by Jimmy L. Bryan Jr; Harvey, Moses,Jesus, and the Trickster in the Evangelical South. by Bill J. Leonard; Taylor, Reconstructing the Native South: American Indian Literature and the Lost Cause. by Mick Gidley; Zieger, Life and Labor in the New New South. by Erik S. Gellman; Kahrl, The Land Was Ours: …

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Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch May 2022

Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch

Florida Historical Quarterly

James William Allen's career as a Confederate soldier lasted only six months; he doubled over with a hernia and was discharged on the last day of 1861.2 His reaction to this medical condition is unknown since Allen left no letters,journal, or public pronouncement. Did he have dreams of military glory that were squashed by his rather inglorious medical condition? After all, Allen's unit, the St. Augustine Blues, had moved only 60 miles up the road to Fernandina.3 He had not left his home state nor, we assume, had he fired a weapon except to practice his marksmanship. However, judging by …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Jennings, New Worlds of Violence: Cultures and Conquests in the Early American Southeast. by David A. Nichols; Frank and Kilbride, eds, Southern Character: Essays in Honor of Bertram Wyatt-Broum. by Adam Tate; Carey, Sold Down the River: Slavery in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia. by Lauren K. Thompson; Bush, I Fear I Shall Never Leave This Island: Life in a Civil War Prison. by Steven J. Ramold; Barnes, ed., The Materiality of Freedom: Archaeologies of Postemanicipation Life. by Stacy Pratt McDermott; Way, Conerving Southern Longleaf: Herbert Stoddard and the Rise of Ecological Land Management. by Tom Okie; …

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End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Memorium: Patrick Smith (1927-2014); Annual Meeting and Symposium of the Florida Historical Society; The FLorida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly

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St. Augustine In The Seventeenth-Century: Capital Of La Florida, Susan Richbourg Parker May 2022

St. Augustine In The Seventeenth-Century: Capital Of La Florida, Susan Richbourg Parker

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1600 St. Augustine was the only European settlement in today's United States and the capital of Spain's territory known as La Florida.1 The city was thirty-five years old as the sixteenth century blended into the seventeenth. Threats to St. Augustine's survival began and ended the seventeenth century. The Spanish crown's 1602 investigation about whether to retain St. Augustine began the century. A hundred years later the 1702 siege and burning by invaders from English Carolina ended the century. In between those events, St. Augustine endured decades of epidemics and the rise of piracy. The last third of the century …

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The Historical Archaeology Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Bonnie G. Mcewan May 2022

The Historical Archaeology Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Bonnie G. Mcewan

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, St. Augustine was still recovering from Francis Drake's 1586 raid during which the town and fields were ravaged.1 Officials were also evaluating the fallout from the 1597 Guale Rebellion during which four of the five friars working among the native peoples were killed, and rebuilding the town following a devastating fire in 1599. If not for St. Augustine's strategic location and perceived progress in the religious conversion of natives, Florida might well have been abandoned at the turn of the century. As it turned out, the next century would be the period of …

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The Geopolitics Of Seventeenth-Century Florida, Jane Landers May 2022

The Geopolitics Of Seventeenth-Century Florida, Jane Landers

Florida Historical Quarterly

Scholars have dubbed the seventeenth century Spain's "Century of Depression." European wars and a cycle of disastrous droughts and epidemics (1597-1602, 1640s and 1680s) followed by famines severely strained Spain's financial and administrative resources. The general crisis was exacerbated by declines in American silver revenues caused by the demographic collapse of the native labor pools in New Spain and Peru. These multiple disasters combined to bring low the once glorious Spanish empire. After a series of bankruptcies Spain resorted to devaluing its currency. To prop up the enfeebled state, it impounded private silver, refused to pay debts, and finally was …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Carr, Digging Miami. by Ryan J. Wheeler; Marotti, Heaven's Soldiers: Free People of Color and the Spanish Legacy in Antebellum Rorida. by Patricia C. Griffin; Beeby, ed., Populism in the South Revisited: New Interpretations and New Departures. by Evan P. Bennett; Brundage, ed., Beyond Blackface: African Americans and the Creation of Popular Culture, 1890-1930. by Valerie Babb; Hersey, My Work Is That of Conservation: An Environmental Biography of George Washington Carver. by Ellen Griffith Spears; Godfrey and Catton, River of Interest: Water Management in South Rorida and the Everglades, 1948-2010. by Chris Wilhelm; Caro, The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The …

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Extreme Circumstances Call For Extreme Measures: How United States V. Lyons' Radical Remedies Corrected A Grave Injustice, Samuel W. Wardle May 2022

Extreme Circumstances Call For Extreme Measures: How United States V. Lyons' Radical Remedies Corrected A Grave Injustice, Samuel W. Wardle

Florida Historical Quarterly

Over the course of a decade, Antonino "Nino" Lyons appeared before the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida at least four times. In 2001, a jury convicted Lyons of crimes carrying a mandatory minimum sentence oflife in federal prison. In 2003, the Honorable Gregory Presnell ordered Lyons to be released on bail, only to be reversed by the Eleventh Circuit. A year later, in 2004, Judge Presnell again ordered Lyons' release, and this time, there was no appeal. Finally, in 2010, Judge Presnell took the extraordinary step of granting Lyons' petition for a certification of actual …

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A Pioneer In Prison Reform: Costello V. Wainright And Its Paradoxical Legacy In Florida Prisons, Mariko K. Shitama May 2022

A Pioneer In Prison Reform: Costello V. Wainright And Its Paradoxical Legacy In Florida Prisons, Mariko K. Shitama

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1972, prisoners Michael V Costello and Robert K Celestino filed separate pro se complaints in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida alleging overcrowded conditions and inadequate health care in Florida prisons. These claims were consolidated, amended by court-appointed counsel, and authorized by Senior United States District Judge Charles Ray Scott as a class action for declaratory and injunctive relief on behalf of all present and future Florida Department of Corrections (DOC) inmates. In their amended complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that the overcrowding and inadequate medical care in Florida prisons constituted cruel and unusual punishment …

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Like Oil And Water: The Past, Present, And Future Of American Waterways Operators, Inc. V. Askew In The Ongoing Federal-State Relationship In Regulating Oil Spill Recovery, Zack Smith May 2022

Like Oil And Water: The Past, Present, And Future Of American Waterways Operators, Inc. V. Askew In The Ongoing Federal-State Relationship In Regulating Oil Spill Recovery, Zack Smith

Florida Historical Quarterly

Federal and state attempts to regulate recovery for oil spill damages often go together as well as oil and water. Given the recent large-scale and well-publicized Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the federal-state relationship in regulating oil spill recovery has once again come to the forefront after spending nearly two decades on the backburner since the Exxon Valdez incident in 1989. However, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (Middle District) was forced to deal with this federal-state relationship long before either of these events occurred. In 1971, the Middle District took up the case of American …

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A Speedbump On The Information Superhighway: Pushing Copyright Law Into The Online Era, Benjamin H. Eisenberg May 2022

A Speedbump On The Information Superhighway: Pushing Copyright Law Into The Online Era, Benjamin H. Eisenberg

Florida Historical Quarterly

George Frena owned and operated a small-scale subscription bulletin board service ("BBS") that was freely accessible to customers online via telephone modem. The BBS functioned much like an online library, allowing customers who had either paid a fee or purchased a certain amount of products from Frena to connect via the Internet and "browse through different BBS directories to look at pictures" and "download...copies of the photographs...from Frena's computer onto their home computer." In addition to general file-sharing, one of the BBS's more popular features was that subscribers could, among other things, upload and download "adult content matter" to and …

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Otherwise Qualified: The Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 And The Origin Of The Direct Threat Defense, Patrick D. Flamming May 2022

Otherwise Qualified: The Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 And The Origin Of The Direct Threat Defense, Patrick D. Flamming

Florida Historical Quarterly

In an effort to integrate individuals with disabilities into society and abate employment discrimination, Congress passed the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Act). While the Act more clearly applied to certain individuals with disabilities, the Act's construction seemingly left undefined whether individuals with contagious diseases were afforded the same coverage. The case giving rise to the Supreme Court's landmark employment law decision resolving the matter was the unreported, oral opinion of Arline v. School Board of Nassau County, which was decided in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. This Comment examines the district court's opinion, comparing …

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You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Stripping Pornography From America's Workplace, Tara R. Price May 2022

You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Stripping Pornography From America's Workplace, Tara R. Price

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc., the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida became the first court in the country to hold that the presence of pornography in the workplace-by itself-could constitute a hostile working environment for women, actionable under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Prior to Robinson, courts frequently concluded that Title VII offered no protection to women who felt victimized by the presence of "sexually-oriented pictures and sexual remarks" in the workplace, so long as overt actions targeting particular female employees did not also exist. The opinion-written by Judge Howell …

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History In More Than Black And White: The Story Of One District Judge Who Faced Down A Fiery Desegregation Controversy And Created A Lasting Legacy, Lauren Millcarek May 2022

History In More Than Black And White: The Story Of One District Judge Who Faced Down A Fiery Desegregation Controversy And Created A Lasting Legacy, Lauren Millcarek

Florida Historical Quarterly

On January 29, 1970, Judge Ben Krentzman ordered the school board of Manatee County, Florida, to desegregate through the use of busing. This ruling seems innocuous enough in hindsight, certainly a common event in that era. At the time, however, the case of Harvest v. Board of Public Instruction prompted a clash between the determined district judge from the Middle District of Florida and the firebrand, reelection-seeking Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr.-a controversy that made national news. And though these juicy facts have long since faded into the past, the ramifications of the Harvest decision are still being felt today. …

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Constitutional Law: Eradicating The Effects Of Past Purposeful Racial Discrimination In The Public School System, Alexandra Moore May 2022

Constitutional Law: Eradicating The Effects Of Past Purposeful Racial Discrimination In The Public School System, Alexandra Moore

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1979, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida issued the seminal decision of Debra P. v. Turlington, which would help pave the way for creating a public school system that was no longer marred by past racial discrimination. Judge George C. Carr presided for the court and ruled that requiring students to pass a functional literacy test before receiving a high school diploma disproportionately barred black students from receiving diplomas due to the inferior education they had received as a result of the past segregation of public schools.2 Judge Carr held that the testing requirement …

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Creating The United States District Court For The Middle District Of Florida, James M. Denham May 2022

Creating The United States District Court For The Middle District Of Florida, James M. Denham

Florida Historical Quarterly

The creation of the Middle District was tied up in fundamental changes that, in the mid-1950s, were working social, cultural, political, and all manner of other revolutions in the Sunshine State. The Middle District was carved out of the Southern District of Florida, a huge district that spanned the entire peninsula from the Georgia border to the Florida Keys. The new district resembled a cross ways slash of territory running from the Georgia border as far south as Brevard County before it swung west and south all the way down the peninsula to the southern boundary of Lee County. After …

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Segregation/Integration In The Middle District Of Florida, William Terrell Hodges May 2022

Segregation/Integration In The Middle District Of Florida, William Terrell Hodges

Florida Historical Quarterly

On a Monday May 18, 1896, the Supreme Court of the United States announced its decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. The Court found that a statute in Louisiana requiring railroad companies to provide separate passenger cars for the white and black races did not offend the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. In its opinion, the Court relied upon decisions of several state supreme courts which upheld the provision of separate educational opportunities for children of both races. For almost six decades, Plessy v. Ferguson was accepted as Supreme Court justification or authority for the maintenance of separate school …

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Conquerors, Peacekeepers, Or Both? The U.S. Army And West Florida, 1810-1811, A New Perspective, Samuel Wilson May 2022

Conquerors, Peacekeepers, Or Both? The U.S. Army And West Florida, 1810-1811, A New Perspective, Samuel Wilson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Louisiana Purchase did not remove Spanish posts along the east bank of the Mississippi River. These posts could still choke off commerce at New Orleans, and American leaders immediately began pressing Spain to cede West Florida. Spain rejected U.S. demands, Napoleon refused to compel its acquiescence, and U.S officials became increasingly belligerent. The commanding general of the U.S. Army, Brigadier General James Wilkinson, repeatedly sought permission to seize West Florida, an area that included the eastern parishes of Louisiana and parts of present day Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. President Jefferson's reluctance to mobilize an adequate force precluded military action …

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The Florida Historical Society Presents An Original Courtroom Drama: Ponce De Leon Landed Here!!, Benjamin D. Brotemarkle May 2022

The Florida Historical Society Presents An Original Courtroom Drama: Ponce De Leon Landed Here!!, Benjamin D. Brotemarkle

Florida Historical Quarterly

Juan Ponce de Leon's first visit to Florida in 1513, changed the course of history. The people who had inhabited this land for more than ten thousand years would have their existence forever altered. Ponce's "discovery" of the Gulf Stream paved the way for the first European colonization of America, and he gave our state its name.

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Looking For Angola: An Archaeological And Ethnohistorical Search For A Nineteenth Century Florida Maroon Community And Its Caribbean Connections, Rosalyn Howard May 2022

Looking For Angola: An Archaeological And Ethnohistorical Search For A Nineteenth Century Florida Maroon Community And Its Caribbean Connections, Rosalyn Howard

Florida Historical Quarterly

The "Looking for Angola" project (LFA) commenced on December 12, 2004 when shovels broke ground on the south side of the Manatee River at the point where it meets the Braden River. Based upon historical research, this area is believed to be the former location of Angola. Historian John Lee Williams referred to it as "Negro Point,"1 but in a land claim document filed by two Cuban fishermen it was labeled "Angola."2 The groundbreaking marked the realization of Project Director Vickie Oldham's wish to relate the story of early African American settlers in the Tampa Bay-Sarasota area of Florida. While …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Granberry, The Calusa: Linguistic and Cultural Origins and Relationships. by Peter Ferdinando; Rivers, Rebels and Runaways: Slave Resistance in 19th Century Florida. by Douglas R. Egerton; Lowther, The African American Odyssey of John Kizell: A South Carolina Slave Returns to Fight the Slave "Trade in His African Homeland. by Kari J. Winter; Gannon, The Won Cause: Black and White Comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic. by J. Matthew Gallman; Milanich and Root, Hidden Seminoles: Julian Dimock's Historic Florida Photographs. by Patsy West; Noble, The U. S. Coast Guard's War on Human Smuggling. by William M. Fowler, Jr.; Antequino …

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The Fleeting Fame Of Florida's Filibuster, "Major" Frank Hann, Paul S. Losch May 2022

The Fleeting Fame Of Florida's Filibuster, "Major" Frank Hann, Paul S. Losch

Florida Historical Quarterly

For three months in 1895, newspaper readers across the United States followed the heroic adventures of Major F. P. Hann, an American volunteer fighting to free Cuba from Spanish oppression. Hann's thirteen letters offered eyewitness accounts from the island's battlefields during the early days of the Cuban War of Independence. The ninth of these letters ran in at least 90 papers, including some well-known today, such as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Atlanta Constitution and the San Francisco Chronicle, and it described the arrival from Key West of" 100 men, 1,000 repeating rifles, 2,000,000 rounds of ammunition …

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Shipwrecked In The Atlantic World: Reevaluating Jonathan Dickinson's Interactions With Native Peoples Along Florida's Southeastern Coast, Jason Daniels May 2022

Shipwrecked In The Atlantic World: Reevaluating Jonathan Dickinson's Interactions With Native Peoples Along Florida's Southeastern Coast, Jason Daniels

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the sun rose upon the mangled and beleaguered Reformation on October 23, 1696, Jonathan Dickinson, an Anglo-Jamaican planter in the process of relocating his mercantile affairs to Philadelphia, found himself shipwrecked hundreds of miles from the nearest European colony and stranded amongst Native Americans.2 For modern scholars, Dickinson's account of his two-month odyssey from present-day Jupiter Island to Spanish St. Augustine has proved to be an indispensable ethnographical tract for examining Native Americans living south of the Spanish mission provinces during the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Nevertheless, this complicated and inscrutable text, like much of the Florida peninsula, remains …

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Sixteenth-Century Florida In The European Imagination, John Mcgrath May 2022

Sixteenth-Century Florida In The European Imagination, John Mcgrath

Florida Historical Quarterly

What we call Florida today is the nearest part of the American mainland to the spot where Columbus landed in 1492, while North America's east coast is also the closest part of the New World to Europe's Atlantic ports. Despite the proximity, Florida remained a mysterious, perplexing land throughout the sixteenth century. For over a century, rumors and legends of various kinds of riches promised rewards to those who could find them, yet successive attempts to explore and settle were frustrating or even disastrous. By 1600, the only lasting European footprint in Florida was St. Augustine, a small outpost that …

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The Historical Archaeology Of Sixteenth-Century La Florida, Kathleen A. Deagan May 2022

The Historical Archaeology Of Sixteenth-Century La Florida, Kathleen A. Deagan

Florida Historical Quarterly

Historical archaeology-also known as text-aided archaeology-is the study of the past through the integration of material remains, stratigraphic contexts, and written documents. The use of written documents provides the time frame of historical archaeological research in La Florida-that is, from the date of the arrival of Europeans (ca. 1513) and the written accounts they left. In the same way, the very notion of "La Florida"-a completely European-imposed geographical idea-also assumes a post-1513 chronology, and a spatial boundary that would have been quite alien to the indigenous peoples who lived there.

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The Peacock Inn: South Florida's First Hotel, Susannah Worth May 2022

The Peacock Inn: South Florida's First Hotel, Susannah Worth

Florida Historical Quarterly

Nestled along the shore of Biscayne Bay five miles south of Miami is the community of Coconut Grove. Founded in the 1870s, it sits atop a limestone ridge and still has a sizeable hardwood hammock (tropical forest). The location, the shade, and the availability of fresh water were certainly a lure to early settlers. One early settler it attracted was John Thomas 'Jolly Jack" Peacock, who lived in the bight which was named after him as 'Jack's Bight."

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