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Water Resources, Agriculture And Pasture: Implications Of Growing Demand And Increasing Scarcity, M. W. Rosegrant, R. A. Valmonte-Santos, S. A. Cline, C. Ringler, W. Li

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Water availability for irrigation is threatened in many regions by rapidly increasing demand for nonagricultural water uses in industry, households, and the environment. The scarcity of irrigation water will not only impact crop production, but also meat production, as much of the pasture used to feed livestock is irrigated.
2. Grassland is caught between two countervailing forces: a requirement for increasing meat demand that boosts the need for additional pasture to support livestock production, and rapidly increasing water scarcity that makes pasture irrigation uneconomical.
3. The most effective means of dealing with water scarcity is likely to be conserving water in existing …

Soil Quality Assessment And Management, M. G. Kibblewhite

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Soil quality is related to the capacity of soil to deliver ecosystem services on a sustainable basis.
2. Effective management of soil within grasslands can deliver many benefits to mankind but poor management may cause loss of soil quality from erosion, loss of organic matter, physical deterioration etc.
3. Services are delivered from soil by biological processes. Soil quality depends on the form and condition of the soil habitat. Fixed factors (e.g. texture) are useful for assigning soil to types. Variable factors (e.g. organic carbon) can then be used to assess quality within soil types, by reference to percentiles of the distribution …

Soil Microbial Community: Understanding The Belowground Network For Sustainable Grassland Management, Y. G. Zhu, W. D. Kong, B. D. Chen, Z. B. Nan, P. Christie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. In addition to the use of conventional methodologies in soil microbial research, molecular techniques are now being applied to gain insights into the soil microbial community;
2. Plant diversity can exert impacts on soil microbial diversity (through root activities and plant litter etc.), but may in itself be significantly altered by soil properties;
3. Soil microbial diversity largely determines the stability of soil ecosystems under biotic and abiotic perturbations.
4. Management of soil microbial diversity can only be achieved through better understanding their structures and functions.

Grasslands1 For Production And The Environment, David R. Kemp, David L. Michalk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. To manage grasslands for production and enhanced environmental values requires a redefinition of the frameworks within which management decisions are made, and a tailoring of practices to suit the ways that farmers operate.
2. Improving the perenniality and permanence of grasslands usually leads to better environmental and production outcomes.
3. There is a case for a more conservative approach to utilising grasslands in order to sustain the functioning of local ecosystems and to improve water quality, nutrient and energy cycling and biodiversity.
4. A landscape rather than paddock focus is more appropriate for meeting current grassland management objectives. Grasslands can be triaged to …

The Potential Of Grassland And Associated Forages To Produce Fibre, Biomass, Energy Or Other Feedstocks For Non-Food And Other Sectors: New Uses For A Global Resource, M. F. Askew

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. In developed countries increased areas of land will become available for non-food production. Recent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy will further intensify this trend in Europe.
2. There is potential for grassland and associated species to contribute to large tonnage markets of energy and bulk fibres, to the supply of fermentation products and to speciality markets, but processes and approaches to the market are not as yet developed.
3. There is potential for the establishment of Graminaceous species - specifically for non- food use. For European conditions particular attention is being given to Miscanthus sinensis (Miscanthus), Arundo donax (Giant Reed), Phalaris …

Grasses As Biofactories: Scoping Out The Opportunities, Nick Roberts, K. Richardson, G. Bryan, Christine R. Voisey, W. Mcnabb, T. Conner, M. Christey, R. Johnson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Plant biopharming is set to dominate commercial recombinant protein expression for specific proteins.
2. The choice of plant species depends on a multitude of factors and is determined on a case- by-case basis.
3. As a leaf based expression system grasses would have to compete predominantly with tobacco and alfalfa.
4. The grass-endophyte symbiosis offers a number of unique possibilities for biopharming.

Adoption Of Tropical Legume Technology Around The World: Analysis Of Success, H. M. Shelton, Steven Franzel, M. Peters

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Examples of successful adoption of forage legumes are reported from all continents, where they delivered profitability and often provided multipurpose benefits to farmers.
2. Factors vital to successful adoption were: meeting the needs of farmers; building relevant partnerships; understanding the socio-economic context and skills of farmers; participatory involvement with rural communities; and long-term involvement of champions.
3. Organisation of seed supply, achieving scale-up and forming partnerships to implement adoption are key features.
4. Legumes remain an important but under-exploited resource for tropical farming systems. The alternative to legumes will be greater and more costly use of N-fertilisers and purchased protein concentrates.
5. The R&D …

Evolution Of Integrated Crop-Livestock Production Systems, Martin H. Entz, William D. Bellotti, J. M. Powell, S. V. Angadi, W. Chen, K. H. Ominski, B. Boelt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Many factors contribute to changes in the crop-livestock systems, but no logical end-point in the evolution process exists.
2. While benefits of integrated crop-livestock systems over specialised crop and livestock systems are well documented, there has been a move to specialised crop and livestock production.
3. Sustainability issues (manure nutrient concentration, soil quality maintenance, salinity, herbicide resistance, economic instability) have created a renewed interest in integrated crop-livestock systems.
4. Farmer adaptability is as an important link in the evolution between ‘states of integration’.

Overcoming Seasonality Of Production: Opportunities Offered By Forage Conservation Technologies, P. O'Kiely, A. G. Kaiser

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Seasonality of forage supply is a key contributor to the seasonality of meat and milk production.
2. Conserving forages as silage or hay can help reduce the seasonality of feed supply.
3. Forage conservation technologies make this contribution mainly through increases in the yield or quality of suitable crops, through an improved efficiency of the conservation process or by allowing a reduction in costs.
4. Future research needs differ considerably among regions of the world.

Strategies To Mitigate Seasonality Of Production In Grassland-Based Systems, Claudio Porqueddu, S. Maltoni, J. G. Mcivor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Fertilisation use and manipulation can cost-effectively alter species composition, increase seasonal herbage production and improve herbage quality.
2. Choice of suitable grassland species, varieties and mixtures offers opportunity to mitigate limitations of seasonal grassland production.
3. Special purpose fodder crops, cereals, shrubs and trees offer alternative or supplementary feed sources.
4. Manipulation of stocking rates, grazing systems, transhumance and pasture management at various times of the season are significant advantageous options.
5. Integration of different strategies is essential to mitigate seasonality in systems of animal production that must be inherently more sustainable over a longer time frame.

Interactions Between Foraging Behaviour Of Herbivores And Grassland Resources In The Eastern Eurasian Steppes, Deli Wang, Guodong Han, Yuguang Bai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. In rangeland areas such as the eastern Eurasian steppes (Mongolia and China), foraging behaviour is influenced by plant or vegetation properties with high heterogeneity.
2. Until recently foraging theory has not accounted for the foraging process or ingestive behaviour. Existing theories on foraging behaviour need to evolve and begin to coalesce, and combine with observations or manipulative experiments.
3. Plant and patch properties such as diversity and height influence animal foraging behaviour (related to foraging process or diet selection) in heterogeneous steppes.
4. Stocking rate is the most important management factor for grazing or vegetation management, and determining the optimal stocking rate in …

Foraging Behaviour And Herbage Intake In The Favourable Tropics/Sub-Tropics, S. C. Da Silva, Paulo C. De F. Carvalho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. Herbage intake by animals grazing tropical/sub-tropical pastures is directly related to bite mass, as it is for those grazing temperate pastures.
2. Where these swards have low proportions of stem and dead material (controlled swards), herbage intake follows a similar pattern to that of temperate pasture species, but leaf characteristics, such as lamina length play an important role and influence the short-term rate of intake.
3. Sward structural characteristics and behavioural factors are relatively more important than nutritional factors in terms of herbage intake regulation. The feeding value of the herbage produced is potentially adequate to sustain high levels of beef cattle …

Turtle Island: Working With Indigenous Grandparents And Their Grandchildren In Group Counseling, Cian L. Brown, Delini Fernando, Rockey Robbins

Journal of Indigenous Research

Turtle Island is a culturally grounded psycho-educational group program for Indigenous early adolescents and their grandparents. It is designed to increase the inter-personal connection between Indigenous grandparents and grandchildren, facilitate the transmission of tribal/cultural values to future generations, improve a historically significant support system for Indigenous youth, and enhance greater awareness and feelings of connections with Nature. The authors present activities and processes to support clinicians and their consideration for working with Indigenous clients. All phases of implementation, from participant and facilitator recruitment to the concluding honoring feast, as well as group activities, process questions, and accompanying projects, are described …

John Wilkes Booth: 1863 Boston Museum Playbill For Othello, F. A. Searle

Ephemera

The playbill is for a 28 January 1863 performance of Shakespeare's Othello. The production took place at the Boston Museum and starred John Wilkes Booth, President Abraham Lincoln's assassin. The playbill is printed in black ink and on off-white paper.

Seal Of North Carolina Plug Cut Tobacco Abraham Lincoln Cigarette Card

Ephemera

Cigarette card featuring a lithograph portrait of Abraham Lincoln. Advertisement for Seal of North Carolina Plug Cut Tobacco.

Abraham Lincoln Heroes Of History Cigarette Card, Royal Little Cigars

Ephemera

Cigarette card depicting a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a scene of Lincoln with his Cabinet.

Champion For Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis In 5 Rounds, 2nd Round, J. H. Tingley, T. S. Peirce

Ephemera

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring, with crowd of onlookers, who are commenting on the action. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.

Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech November 19, 1863, Western Bank Note And Eng. Co.

Ephemera

The card is presumably a trade card distributed by the Western Bank Note & Eng. Co. It is an engraved card featuring a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and the text of the Gettysburg Address.

Champion For Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis In 5 Rounds, 4th Round, J. H. Tingley, T. S. Peirce

Ephemera

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts William Seward and Winfield Scott in boxing ring, where Abraham Lincoln has just defeated Jefferson Davis. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.

Champion For Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis In 5 Rounds, 5th Round, J. H. Tingley, T. S. Peirce

Ephemera

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln standing before pyramid of states, surrounded by a "Champion Belt" after having defeated Jefferson Davis in a prize fight. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.

Champion For Prize Envelope - Lincoln & Davis In 5 Rounds, 3rd Round, J. H. Tingley, T. S. Peirce

Ephemera

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. The cartoon image depicts Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring, with crowd of onlookers, who are commenting on the action. It is printed in black ink on an off-white envelope.

Monthly Statement: Loose-Wilkes Biscuit Company For Mr. Sullivan, Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company

Ephemera

Monthly statement from the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company to Mr. Sullivan.

Monthly Statement: Loose-Wilkes Biscuit Company For Miss Roche, Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company

Ephemera

Monthly statement from the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company to Miss Rouche.

Retirement Of President Franklin Pierce, William C. Bryant And Co.

Ephemera

A newspaper clipping originally appearing in the Evening Post (New York, New York, United States, 1850-1919) citing the retirement of Ex-President Franklin Pierce. It is mounted to a sheet of textured paper and features text typed in red ink. The clipping was originally enclosed in a frame, but was removed for preservation.

10th District National Republican Ticket

Ephemera

The ballot represents the Lincoln and Hamlin Republican ticket for the1860 presidential election. It includes an image of a train on the recto. An ink inscription is included on the verso.

Abraham Lincoln And Hannibal Hamlin Pictorial Envelope

Ephemera

The item is a Civil War-era patriotic envelope, probably issued ca. 1860. It depicts a jugate image of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin. It is printed on white paper and in black ink. Ref: Weiss FP-AL 11.

Champion Prize Envelope - Lincoln And Davis In 5 Rounds, 1st Round, J. H. Tingley, T. S. Peirce

Ephemera

The pictorial envelope is from a set of five Civil War-era envelopes. It depicts a cartoon image of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis in boxing ring with a crowd of onlookers and caption at bottom. It is an off-white envelope that is printed in black ink.

Abraham Lincoln Black Mourning Border Lettersheet

Ephemera

The object is a Civil War-era patriotic bifold lettersheet, probably issued ca. 1865. It features a bust portrait of Abraham Lincoln in the upper left corner. The pages are lined and the recto has a black mourning border. It is printed on white paper with blue and black ink. Ref: Weiss FP-AL 8.

Abraham Lincoln Black Mourning Border Envelope

Ephemera

The item is a Civil War-era patriotic envelope, probably issued ca. 1865. It depicts a bust portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a black mourning border around the envelope's edge. It is printed on white paper and black in. Ref: Weiss FP-AL 103.

John Bell Pictorial Envelope

Ephemera

The object is a Civil War-era patriotic envelope that depicts a bust portrait of secessionist John Bell. It is printed on off-white paper with black ink. Ref: Weiss PNM 2.