Digital Commons Network^™

Multi-User Spatial Synchronization Using Object Relationship Maps, Ashish Singh, Ahmet Cengiz Öztireli

Defensive Publications Series

Aligning shared virtual spaces across multiple devices can involve transmitting raw image data to remote servers, increasing network bandwidth and power consumption. To address these issues, a method is disclosed for spatial synchronization using object relationship maps. A first device may detect physical objects within an environment and determine spatial relationships, such as relative distances and directions, between the detected objects. The first device can generate a file containing object classifications and the spatial relationships. The relationship map can be transmitted via a local connection to a second device. The second device may match the received spatial relationships with locally …

Method And System For Dynamically Repositioning Virtual Content In Augmented Reality Systems During Conversations, Ashish Singh, Ahmet Cengiz Öztireli

Defensive Publications Series

Users interacting with head-wearable augmented reality (AR) devices frequently experience virtual content clutter, such as incoming notifications, application windows, or video feeds overlaying their primary field of view. When a user engages in a face-to-face social interaction while wearing head-wearable devices, this virtual content can inadvertently obstruct the user's direct line of sight to the conversation partner's face and upper body. This obstruction disrupts natural eye contact and non-verbal communication cues, creating social disconnect and distraction. Furthermore, relying on manual hand gestures to adjust or reposition virtual content is cumbersome and interrupts conversational flow.

The disclosed technology describes a conversation-aware …

Dynamic Context-Aware Safety-Optimized Routing And Emergency Infrastructure Mapping In Mobile Navigation Systems, Arti Prasad

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system, method, and graphical user interface for context-aware safety navigation and emergency infrastructure mapping. Traditional routing engines optimize strictly for travel time or shortest spatial distance, which can route vehicles through narrow, dark, or hazardous shortcuts to save negligible amounts of time. The disclosed system addresses this by incorporating a dynamic composite safety cost function that adds safety-related penalties, such as road classification, street illumination, lane width, and pavement quality, to estimate a cost to the route. To ensure the route remains practical, a bounded maximum-estimated time of arrival (“ETA”) tradeoff engine restricts the safety-optimized path …

Monocular Edge-Based Road Hazard Detection With Covariance-Weighted Spatiotemporal Clustering And Frustum Temporal Decay, Richa Gupta

Defensive Publications Series

An edge road hazard classifier processes monocular camera video to detect and localize physical road surface anomalies. The system calculates the relative distance offset of a detected hazard using inverse perspective mapping (IPM). To estimate hazard depth, the system combines structure from motion (SfM) and a monocular depth estimation network. The hazard classifier bundles these measurement values into a metadata packet for transmission to a dynamic map ingestion engine. The map ingestion engine normalizes differences in sensor noise with a spatial covariance error matrix and groups overlapping reports using spatiotemporal HDBSCAN (ST-HDBSCAN). An extended Kalman filter (EKF) synthesizes the grouped …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Twinning Behavior Of Molecule-Adapted Gaussian-Type Orbitals (Gtos) In Cyclo-Hydrocarbons, Tong-Hyok Cha, Gum-Chol Kim, Kwang-Jin Ri, Jin-Nam Kim, Yong-Su Pak

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The saturated cyclo-hydrocarbons CnH2n (n = 3–7) were constructed by the iterative coupling of the structural unit groups (SUGs), specifically the SUG-CH2C2 fragment, which was previously established for molecular basis optimization. For the McLean–Chandler 6-311+G basis set, under the SUG perturbation, the outer (s′, p′) and diffuse (sʺ, pʺ) primitive Gaussian type orbitals for the core-atom C* of SUG-CH2C2 undergo an off-center spatial displacement into a twinning configuration. Specifically, the s-type twins (s′, sʺ) share identical Gaussian exponents and are symmetrically shifted toward the two neighboring carbon atoms, while the p-type twins (p′, pʺ) exhibit a matching configuration. Generally, this …

Phytochemical Characterization, Cytotoxic Effects, And Potential Oxidative Dna Damage-Modulating Activities Of Arum Italicum Extract, Oznour Mourat Moustafa, Hülya Yağar

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Arum italicum is traditionally utilized in the Thrace region for the treatment of hepatic and dermatological disorders; however, experimental evidence supporting these ethnopharmacological applications remains limited. As oxidative stress-induced DNA damage is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of liver and skin diseases, the aim in the present study was to investigate the ability of A. italicum leaf and tuber extracts to modulate oxidative DNA damage in vitro using nontumorigenic and cancerous hepatic and cutaneous cell models. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxic activity were also assessed to support and contextualize the observed DNA damage-related effects.In vitro investigations were conducted …

Facile One-Step Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode For Sensitive Tryptophan Sensing In Yogurt, Sevi̇lay Erdoğan Kablan, Ahmet Çeti̇nkaya, Si̇bel Özkan, Emi̇rhan Nemutlu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Activation of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) in tailored solution environments introduces oxygenated surface functionalities such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and quinone groups. These modifications enhance electron‐transfer kinetics and strengthen interactions with target analytes, thereby improving electrochemical sensitivity. In this study, square-wave voltammetry was used, and the most suitable supporting electrolyte for tryptophan (TRP) analysis was a pH 3 Britton–Robinson buffer. The cyclic voltammetry potential range and number of cycles for the Act-GCE were obtained as 0–1.5 V and seven cycles, respectively. The activated electrode exhibited excellent analytical performance, with a linear response for TRP over 0.20–6.28 μM, a detection limit of …

Thiophene-Carbazole-Based Covalent Organic Polymer Electrodes For Electrochromic And Supercapacitor Applications, Si̇nem Altinişik

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, a thiophene-carbazole-based conjugated organic polymer was successfully synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass and graphite sheet substrates using in situ oxidative polymerization. In terms of electrochromic properties, the electrodes exhibited significant color change from light yellow-green to dark gray in the potential range of 0 V to 1.2 V, with optical contrast ranging from 84.2% to 47.2% and coloring efficiency of 171.3 cm2/C. The prepared PCBP-Th_ITO/glass electrode also exhibited fast switching times (tb = 0.89 s and tc = 2.05 s) at 650 nm. Furthermore, 90% optical stability was maintained after 1000 cycles. In terms of energy …

Fabrication Of Cross-Linked Thiophene-Coumarin-Fluorene Donor–Acceptor Pentamer Thin Films For Electrochromic Devices Application, Ari̇fe Aktaş, Mert Akgün, Mücahi̇t Özdemi̇r, Sermet Koyuncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Functionalized p-conjugated polymers have emerged as promising electrochromic materials due to their well-defined molecular structures, facile synthesis, and ability to form smooth and homogeneous thin films. Furthermore, surface cross-linking enhances the mechanical and environmental stability of these films while improving their durability during electrochemical operation. In this study, a unique band gap-tunable pentamer (FBP) was developed featuring a D-A-D-A-D configuration, which includes thiophene, coumarin, and fluorene. Cross-linked films (FBPX) were obtained using both spray and electrospray methods in the presence of tetrathiol-based crosslinkers and 366 nm light, thanks to the functionalizable allyl groups present in the FBP structure. UV–Vis analysis …

Synthesis And Catalytic Activity Of Water-Soluble Ruthenium(Ii) P-Cymene Complexes In Tandem Nitroarene Reduction/N-Methylation And Transfer Hydrogenation, Si̇nem Çakir, Serdar Batikan Kavukcu, Hayati̇ Türkmen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, a series of water-soluble ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes bearing carboxylic acid-functionalized ligands (Ru1–Ru3) were synthesized, fully characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR), and evaluated in two distinct catalytic transformations: tandem nitroarene reduction/N-methylation and transfer hydrogenation. Of the catalysts tested, Ru1 exhibited superior catalytic activity in both systems. Under optimized conditions (1 mol% Ru1, 8 mmol NaBH4, 110 °C, 2 h in methanol), Ru1 promoted the one-pot tandem transformation of nitrobenzene to N-methylaniline with up to 93% conversion using methanol as a sustainable C1 and H2 source. Furthermore, Ru1 proved highly effective in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone …

Samarium-Doped Ceria Catalysts For Boron-Aluminum Composite Propellants: Effect Of Synthesis Method, Di̇lara Güçtaş Gürel, Mehmet Ali̇ Faruk Öksüzömer

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) are widely used in rocket and missile propulsion systems due to their high energy density and reliable combustion characteristics. Although aluminum (Al) is the conventional metal fuel in AP-based formulations, boron (B) has gained increasing attention as a partial or full substitute owing to its significantly higher volumetric energy density. However, the low combustion efficiency of boron particles remains a critical challenge, making the use of catalysts essential to enhance the thermal decomposition of AP and overall propellant-burning performance. In this study, samarium-doped ceria (SDC20) catalysts were synthesized by three different methods including …

Rapid Synthesis Of Agcu Bimetallic Nanodendrites With Enhanced Catalytic Activity For 4-Nitrophenol Reduction, Jun Liu, Hongguang Liao, Xuanyan Liu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Herein, AgCu nanodendrites were fabricated via a facile one-step displacement reaction at ambient temperature with Zn powder as the reducing agent. The morphology, structure, and composition of the products were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the structure and morphology of the catalysts are strongly dependent on the Ag/Cu molar ratio. The catalytic performance was evaluated by the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) at room temperature, in comparison with monometallic Ag and Cu catalysts. The catalytic activity follows the order Ag1Cu1 > Ag1Cu3 > Ag3Cu1 > Ag > Cu. The optimized Ag1Cu1 catalyst achieves 98.6% …

Effects Of Washing, Oxidation, Carboxylation, And Hydrophobicity On The Antibacterial Activity Of Graphene Oxide And Reduced Graphene Oxide, Emi̇r Boztepe, Ceren Poyraz, Ruki̇ye Taşdemi̇r, Ebru Önem, Ümran Sofu, Keri̇m Yapici

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the effects of number of washes, oxidation degree, carboxylation, and hydrothermal reduction temperature on the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials were investigated. GO derivatives with different numbers of washes (1–5W) and oxidation levels (3X, 6X, and 9X), carboxylated GO (GO-COOH), and rGO samples obtained at different hydrothermal reduction temperatures (100, 140, and 180 °C) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, and were subsequently evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. …

Cobalt-Substituted Hydroxyapatite As A Potential Basis Of Biomaterials: Synthesis, Crystal-Chemistry Properties And Antibacterial Activity, Maria M. Vlasova, Ksenia S. Stasenko, Evgeny Bulanov

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper presents the results of the synthesis of solid solutions of cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite of the composition Ca10-xCox(PO4)6(OH)2 by the solid-phase and solution method. The formation of only the composition of Ca9.5Co0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 has been reliably established, whereas an increase in the cobalt content, as well as an increase in the temperature of synthesis and calcination of the samples prepared in solution, leads to the formation of stable mixtures of calcium and cobalt phosphates. The crystal structure has been refined for Ca9.5Co0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 (a = 9.4121(28) Å, c = 6.8762(20) Å, V = 527.54(35) Å3; R-Bragg = 2.455%) under the assumption of …

Species-Specific Metal Uptake Thresholds In Riparian Macrophytes: A Biological Framework For Ecological Risk Assessment, Reyhan Sağlam, Ferhat Gökbulak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems have increased metal contamination in riparian zones; however, biological thresholds that distinguish tolerable exposure from ecologically significant accumulation remain poorly defined. This study investigated species-specific thresholds for heavy metal uptake in riparian macrophytes to establish a biologically grounded framework for ecological risk assessment in impacted streams. A gradient encompassing five sites was used to sample four dominant macrophyte species: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Lythrum salicaria, and Persicaria lapathifolia. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in aboveground plant biomass were examined in relation to their …

Strigolactone-Mediated Regulation Of Physiological, Biochemical, And Gene Expression Responses Enhances Salinity Tolerance In Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa), Nora M. Al Aboud, Aishah Alatawi, Maryam Maryam, Mi̇kdat Şi̇mşek, Adel A. Rezk, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Bader Y. Alsubaie, Othman Al-Dossary, Ahmed M. Ismail, Anvar İbrahimov

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Salinity stress is a limiting factor that restricts growth, physiology, and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), particularly in irrigated and arid regions across the globe. The current investigation focused on unveiling the role of strigolactone (GR24, 5 µM) in the mitigation of NaCl-induced stress (100 mM) under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress massively reduced plant performance, including fresh biomass (16.5 g), dry biomass (4.3 g), photosynthetic rate (7.9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), and fruit yield (6 fruits per plant), along with a decline in fruit quality (7.2 °Brix). In contrast, foliar application of strigolactone sig-nificantly enhanced the growth and …

Medication Dosage Calculation: The Impact Of Simulation-Based Deliberate Practice On General Self-Efficacy In First-Quarter Nursing Students, Hasani Green

Dissertations

Medication dosage calculation (MDC) competency is essential for safe nursing practice. However, many prelicensure nursing students experience persistent numeracy deficits, anxiety, and inconsistent preparation, contributing to academic failure and potential patient harm. This Doctor of Nursing Practice project addressed the need for effective early instructional strategies by evaluating the impact of an MDC simulation-based learning through deliberate practice (SBL-DP) intervention on first-quarter Associate Degree in Nursing and Bachelor of Science in Nursing students’ General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) scores. Guided by Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory, a quantitative, quasi-experimental one-group before-and-after design was used with a convenience sample of students enrolled in a …

The Diamond, October 16, 2026, Dordt University

Dordt Diamond

• Front Page: Defender Days Sports Preview: What's Going on this Weekend?; Two Years of Collaboration Bring Perennial Game to Iowa Schools; Student Engagement in Midterm Elections
• Feature: Baja Buggy Blast: Dordt Students Build Offroad Racing Vehicle; Caffeine Craze: Coffee Habits on a College Campus; At Large: Campus Cats and What They Can Tell Us; The Truth About Office Hours; Celebrating Scholarship: "Dordt Writes" on October 16; Dordt's New Symphonic Band
• News: El Niño: What It Is and Its Impacts for 2026; Dordt University Ranks Among Top Christian Colleges Nationally; Behind the Break: A Look Inside the Heartland Conference Weekend
• Politics: …

Re: Request For Change To The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Clark Tailings Consolidated Waste Management Area Site Investigation Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision 0 (2026 Update), Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Proof Of The Wave Function Identity, A New Symmetry Constraint For The Three-Electron Quantum Dot In A Magnetic Field And Ad Hoc Generalization To Bound Many-Electron Systems, Marlina Slamet, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

We prove the Wave Function Identity (WFI), a newly discovered property of solutions to the two-dimensional Schrödinger–Pauli equation for the 𝑁 = 3 electron Coulombically interacting harmonically bound ‘artificial atom’ or quantum dot in a uniform magnetic field. The symmetry is comprised of an interchange of the spatial coordinates of two electrons whilst keeping their spin moments unchanged, followed by an inversion of all three electron coordinates. The proof is achieved by first deriving the general form of the exact correlated wave function in the high-electron-correlation Wigner regime and then proving the WFI employing this form for a ground and …

Becoming People Who See: Walking Alongside Those Impacted By Trauma, Kara L. Nutt

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"In a world fixated on resilience and overcoming hardship, Christians are called to recognize and respond to the realities of trauma."

Posting about hearing and healing trauma­­­­­­­­ from In All Things, a blog which highlights the shared faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian perspective of our writers, exploring how to fearlessly engage with every aspect of modern life—until all is made new.

Becoming People Who See: Walking Alongside Those Impacted by Trauma

Operations And Maintenance Report Grove Gulch Sedimentation Bay - Post-Storm 10.13.26 Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Npl Site – Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Consent Decree-Civil Action No. Cv 89-039-Bu-She, Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity Of Polycation-Coated Plga Nanoparticles Loaded With Juglone–Silver Complex, Tural Safarov, Emrah Şefi̇k Abamor, Serap Acar, Murat Topuzoğullari, Bükre Kiran Üner, Kübra Karadaş, Seçi̇l Kaya, Zi̇şan Toprak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The rising antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori requires the development of novel treatment approaches. Although natural products (e.g., juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone)) and metal antimicrobials (e.g., silver) hold some promise as alternatives, drawbacks like the toxicity and instability of these materials limit their clinical use. Combining juglone and silver with coordination bonds can overcome these drawbacks and yield a more effective antimicrobial complex.

Materials and methods: Juglone–silver (J–Ag) complex was synthesized, encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles (J–Ag@PLGA), and coated with Eudragit (J–Ag@PLGA+eu). Structural and physicochemical properties of the produced samples were examined using MALDI-TOF MS, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopies; dynamic light scattering; …

Comparison Of Tnfα, Ifnγ, And Dss In Modeling Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Murine Enteroids And Assessment Of The Role Of Zonulin Inhibitor Larazotide Acetate, Sema Nur Gür, Burcu Pervi̇n, Mehmet Emi̇n Şeker, Fati̇ma Aerts Kaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that the zonulin inhibitor larazotide acetate (LA), designed to regulate loss of tight junctions between intestinal cells and currently used for the treatment of celiac disease, could also have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of IBD.

Materials and methods: BALB/c enteroids were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), or interferon-gamma (IFNγ) for 48 h to induce an IBD-like environment, followed by treatment with LA. Organoids were assessed for intestinal permeability, viability, and expression of the zonulin (Hp), occludin (Ocln), …

Measurements And Analysis Of Light Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Mole Fractions In 1982–1987 At Six Remote Sites Along The Pacific Rim, A. M. Smith, C. L. Butenhoff, M. A. K. Khalil, A. L. Rice

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Atmospheric non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are important trace species with anthropogenic and natural sources including fugitive emissions from fossil fuel mining and distribution, biomass burning, biofuel combustion, and biogenic emissions from microbes and plants. We present previously unpublished whole air sample measurements of NMHCs collected at approximately weekly intervals from 1982 to 1987 at six stations spanning the Northern and Southern hemispheres, which sampled primarily Pacific Basin air masses as determined by back‐trajectory analysis. The four alkanes in this data set, ethane, propane, i‐ and n‐butane had a mean measured mole fraction of 712 ± 22 ppt, 245 ± 13 ppt, …

Marbs & Carbs, Kevin M. Mcghee

Game Design

Marbs & Carbs is a 3D rolling game set in an oversized kitchen. Guide Marb across countertops, past stove burners, and through sink-side shortcuts while collecting pasta and donuts that make the marble grow. Larger sizes open new routes, including a breakable sink drain. Collect at least 25 carbs to enter the mouse hole and finish the level. Special pasta can turn Marb into a tumbling cube or pyramid, changing how it moves and adding a score bonus. A results screen tallies your pickups and time before the next run.

This game is inspired by the classic Atari arcade game …

Sociolinguistic Compatibility In Ai Adoption: Extending Doi - Toe In Public Relations, Shadi Abu-Ayyash

CoHSS Faculty Work

Purpose - This study examines how AI adoption in public relations (PR) unfolds in the Arab region and positions that experience against global industry discourses, with attention to the linguistic and cultural conditions that shape adoption trajectories.

Design/methodology/approach – Guided by Diffusion of Innovations (DoI) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, the study combines 20 semi structured interviews with senior Arab-region practitioners, association leaders and academics across six countries with a directed content analysis of professional guidelines and industry reports of global, cross-regional and regional scope.

Findings – Adoption is early-stage and selective, concentrated in content assistance, media intelligence and reputation …

Genetic Inheritance Of Leaf Rolling As An Adaptive Trait For Fog Capture And Drought Tolerance In Wheat, Sabah Merrium, Zulfiqar Ali, Latifa Alhusnain, Muneera D.F. Alkahtani, Sadia Hakeem, Sajid Fiaz, Muhammad Ali Sher, Kotb A. Attia, Seung Hwan Yang, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Wheat is a primary source of sustenance for around 2 billion people worldwide; however, its production is threatened by the water scarcity associated with climate change. In the search for climate-smart wheat varieties, atmospheric moisture in the form of fog and dew is gaining attention as a sustainable, self-irrigating water source for crops. Leaf rolling (LR) is a well-known adaptive trait under water deficit conditions that supports fog moisture capture in wheat; however, little is known about its genetic potential and inheritance pattern, particularly given its high environmental influence. This study assesses the genetic heritability, combining ability, and diversity of …

Valorization Of Buttermilk As A Functional Ingredient In Yogurt Soup: Effects On Physicochemical Properties, Aroma Profile, Amino Acid Composition, And Bioactivities, Emi̇ne Maci̇t, Fatma Zehra Özyilmaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

​In this study, the feasibility of using buttermilk as a functional ingredient in yogurt soup, a traditional fermented dairy product, was investigated with the aim of valorizing dairy industry by-products. Soup samples prepared with different buttermilk ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were evaluated for their physicochemical and sensory properties, aroma and amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and antidiabetic activity. The incorporation of buttermilk resulted in statistically significant differences in total solids, ash, and titratable acidity (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in fat, protein, or pH values. Increasing buttermilk levels led to higher L* and b* values and lower a* values. Sensory analysis showed that flavor scores increased with buttermilk content, with the highest score observed in the sample containing 100% buttermilk (T5). In the control sample, hexanoic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, methyl salicylate, and several ketones were identified as dominant aroma compounds, whereas buttermilk-enriched samples were characterized mainly by hexanoic acid, acetic acid, butanoic acid, ethyl acetate, higher alcohols, and ethanol. Increasing buttermilk content resulted in a higher proportion of alcohols and a reduction in acids, ketones, and aldehydes. Samples with higher buttermilk levels exhibited increased essential amino acid content, while functional amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, ethanolamine, proline, and alanine reached their highest levels in the T5 sample. The T5 sample showed a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 5.98%, whereas the highest α-amylase inhibition was observed in the control sample. Overall, the results indicate that buttermilk can be effectively used as a functional ingredient in yogurt soup formulations, improving nutritional quality and sensory characteristics.