Digital Commons Network^™

Biopolymer Fibre Production And Metal Free Circuitry, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

This paper details a decentralized, open-source manufacturing framework designed to produce structural textiles and metal-free electrical circuits using public-domain chemistry and low-cost, unregulated hardware. The platform utilizes expired late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century patent methodologies, optimizing them for domestic, kitchen-scale replication with non-toxic, food-safe components. The primary structural substrate is derived from the acid-precipitation of casein proteins from dairy fractions, which are solubilized in a mild alkali solution to form a viscous spinning dope. To address the historical dependency on toxic cross-linkers like formaldehyde, this framework introduces three accessible micro-extrusion methodologies that utilize a non-toxic, ten percent aqueous potassium alum bath: (1) …

The Metric Field And Its Primitives, Steven Kirkland

Defensive Publications Series

The Metric Field and Its Primitives is the formal-mathematics layer of a research project whose popular-science companion, Inners Guide to the Hyper Loop, ships the story. This volume ships the mathematics: definitions, theorems, proofs, falsifier ladders, and the algebra the framework reads across substrates from atomic spectra to slime moulds to the cosmic substrate.

The framework. A candidate fundamental framing under Metric Field Ontology (MFO) commitments. The conventional readings of physics — general relativity, quantum field theory, the Standard Model, ΛCDM cosmology, M-theory's eleven-dimensional supergravity — are preserved at the mathematical level. What is shifted is the ontological framing: …

Computer Aided Field Investigation (Cafi): A Provenance-First Architecture For Real-Time Msme Credit Decisioning In India, Murali Krishnan

Defensive Publications Series

Computer Aided Field Investigation (CAFI) is a provenance-first architecture for real-time MSME credit decisioning in India, replacing the photographs-and-narrative output of conventional field visits with a hash-chained, tablet-captured, audit-defensible evidence graph. The five-layer architecture combines geo-fenced tablet field capture, DPDP-compliant consent-bound media acquisition, an append-only provenance data model in which every credit-decision fact links to immutable source artifacts, a deterministic real-time triangulation engine cross-validating borrower declarations against Goods and Services Tax (GST) returns and Account Aggregator (AA) bank statement data, a quality-assurance anomaly layer detecting photo perceptual hash collisions, GPS clustering, visit duration outliers, and field-officer response patterns, and a …

Offline‑First Transaction Buffering With Merkle‑Root Synchronization For Mobile Api Requests, Harshwardhan Tripathi

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for synchronizing offline-generated Application Programming Interface (API) requests using Merkle roots between a client device and a server. The present disclosure suggests buffering one or more API requests in a persistent local storage queue responsive to unavailability of network connectivity. Thereafter, the present disclosure suggests generating, for each buffered API request, a cryptographic leaf hash based on a canonical representation of the corresponding API request. Upon generating the cryptographic leaf hash, the present disclosure suggests constructing, by the client device, a Merkle tree including the cryptographic leaf hashes as leaf …

Ocular Neuro‑Restoration System (Onrs): A Non‑Invasive Ultrasound‑Driven Drug Delivery & Biomarker Platform, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Ocular Neuro‑Restoration System (ONRS) is a non‑invasive, wearable ultrasound platform designed to deliver neuroprotective and vascular‑restorative therapeutics to the retina, optic nerve head, and posterior eye without injections. The system uses low‑intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), vortex‑phase acoustic fields, microbubble‑enhanced sonoporation, and microfluidic tear‑exchange diagnostics to overcome the anatomical barriers that normally block ocular drug delivery.

A CMUT phased array generates controlled acoustic streaming and reversible tight‑junction modulation, enabling 10–50× enhanced penetration of small molecules and biologics, consistent with published evidence that ultrasound increases ocular permeability and drug transport .

A PDMS microfluidic gel‑refresh system maintains uniform coupling and eliminates …

System And Method For Automated Testing Gap Categorization And Codebase Vulnerability Localization, Aman Singh

Defensive Publications Series

A system related to automated testing gap categorization and codebase vulnerability localization in large-scale distributed computing environments. The system may receive an incident record containing unstructured text and identifiers pointing to external systems, obtain content from the external systems based on the identifiers, and aggregate the content into a unified context payload. The system may generate a fingerprint data structure based on the unified context payload and a versioned analysis prompt to determine whether AI model analysis is needed. The system may perform multi-stage AI analysis including identifying where a supervised analysis system indicated a testing gap, classifying the type …

Virtual/Augmented Reality Paired Driving Using Digital Key Enabled Device For Pairing/Authentication, Nick Miller, Emelie Jess Ashdown

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system for safely driving a vehicle from a remote location using an extended reality (XR) headset, virtual reality (VR) goggles, augmented reality (AR) glasses, or a hardware simulator. Existing remote driving, tele-operation, or remote vehicle control methods often rely on simple passwords, which can be less secure. This new technique uses a high-security digital car key stored on a physical device—such as a smartphone, an object tracking tag, or a small hardware “puck”—that should be placed inside the vehicle before it can be operated remotely. This creates a physical requirement that ensures only someone with authorized …

Energy-Efficient Artificial Intelligence Inference Through Task Decomposition And Heterogeneous Parallel Execution With Critical Path Trade-Off Analysis, Utkarsh Bhardwaj, Shivank Awasthi

Defensive Publications Series

A system performs task decomposition for the energy-aware parallel execution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference across heterogeneous computing resources. The technology decomposes a complex prompt into atomic sub-tasks and maps them into a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to define dependencies. Each sub-task is then classified by its computational nature and routed to hardware, such as a local central processing unit (CPU), neural processing unit (NPU), or cloud server, based on physical energy and carbon cost models. The system analyzes the DAG to identify the critical path, routing these tasks to higher-performance resources to reduce latency while assigning non-critical tasks to …

Multi-Agent Safety Architecture Using Geometric Projections And Cryptographic Egress Control, Neel Mohbe

Defensive Publications Series

Decentralized, multi-agent artificial intelligence (AI) systems can introduce structural vulnerabilities, such as emergent toxicity and alignment erosion, that existing safety paradigms may not fully address. A multi-agent safety architecture is described that can treat safety as a geometric and cryptographic property of a network's communication and consensus fabric. A method can involve mathematically defining a safety concept as a subspace within a model’s activation manifold to create an orthogonal projection operator. This operator may filter agent states to help mitigate harmful emergent content, a cryptographic egress layer with low-rank proofs can be used to verify the filter's application before messages …

Enhancing Social Activity Through Climate-Adaptive Design In Hot-Humid Campus Open-Spaces: A Case Study Of The University Of Basrah In Iraq, Noor A. Almansor, Farah Ahmed Thiab, Riyam Rajab Fenjan

HBRC Journal

Outdoor open spaces between university buildings support students' community interactions and academic achievements. However, in hot-humid climate zones, some of these spaces lack activity and experience social withdrawal due to thermal discomfort. This is seen on the University of Basrah campus. To address this, the study aimed to identify the most suitable climate-adaptive design pattern to improve thermal comfort and, in turn, enhance students' social presence in the University of Basrah's neglected, peripheral outdoor campus spaces. A convergent mixed-method case study was applied. First, measurable environmental and social factors were identified from related studies. Next, two open spaces in the …

The Impact Of Climate Change On Glass Facades: A Bibliometric Analysis, Pelin Akın, Güneş Mutlu Avinç

HBRC Journal

Climate change has direct impacts on the design and performance of building envelopes, necessitating new approaches in the discipline of architecture. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to understand the effects of climate change on glass façade systems. The 612 academic publications obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed through R Studio Biblioshiny. Within the scope of the study, publication trends, key themes, prominent authors, institutions and geographical distributions were evaluated in detail. According to the findings of the research, it was indicated that research has gained momentum especially after 2016, focusing on themes such as …

Advances In Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Biocomposites: Processing Techniques, Performance Optimisation, And Future Research Directions, Thomas Adedayo Ayorinde, Tamba Jamiru, Peet F Le Roux, Basiru Philip Aramide, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ogundahunsi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Kenaf fibre-reinforced composites have attracted considerable interest lately as eco-friendly materials due to their light weight, renewability, degradability, and favourable specific mechanical properties. Despite the advances already achieved in natural fibre composites, the commercial-scale use of kenaf-based composites has been hindered by variations in raw material quality, moisture sensitivity, interphase degradation, thermal instability, and other processing issues. This review critically assesses the morphology, reinforcement behaviour, fibre extraction methods, surface treatments, manufacturing processes, and characterisation techniques employed for kenaf fibre-reinforced composites within the framework of performance and sustainability. The study shows that no extraction and manufacturing process simultaneously optimises fibre integrity, …

Study Of Compressive Strength Of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete Under Various Curing Methods And Predictive Modeling Using Machine Learning, Hyginus Obinna Ozioko, Emmanuel Ebube Eze, Edward Ingio Adah

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study evaluates the compressive strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) under different curing methods and develops machine learning models for strength prediction. Concrete mixes containing 0–100% PKS replacement of coarse aggregate were prepared at a constant water-cement ratio of 0.5 and cured by immersion, sprinkling, wet hessian, and open-air methods. Compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Increasing PKS content reduced slump from 82 mm to 18 mm, oven-dry density from 2390 kg/m³ to 1430 kg/m³, and initial setting time from 108 min to 76 min. Immersion curing produced the highest …

A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework For Multi-Class Retinal Disease Classification, Ali M. Duhaim, Abbas M. Al-Bakry

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract remain major causes of vision loss worldwide, creating an increasing demand for accurate and reliable automated diagnostic systems. Although deep learning techniques have demonstrated strong performance in retinal image analysis, their clinical adoption is still limited by challenges related to predictive reliability, robustness, and interpretability. This study presents HEFR-Net (Hybrid EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-50 Feature-Fusion Network), a hybrid deep learning framework designed for multi-class classification of retinal fundus images. The proposed architecture integrates EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-50 through feature-level fusion, enabling the model to capture both fine-grained texture patterns and high-level structural characteristics …

High Temperature High Pressure Extraction Methods, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

A method is disclosed for accelerating the extraction of flavor volatiles, peptides, and gelatin from animal tissue using high-temperature, high-pressure, non-turbulent conditions to prevent emulsion. The disclosure further details a rapid clarification protocol using mechanically released intracellular proteins to form an aerated, buoyant filtration raft, as well as a cryo-filtration process leveraging a self-assembling gelatin polymer network to separate lipids and hazy proteins from an aqueous phase. These processes are specified for both artisanal culinary production and mass-scale commercial soup, pet food, and protein recovery manufacturing operations.

Accelerated Production Of Culinary Stocks, Natalie M. Durdle Miss

Defensive Publications Series

A method is disclosed for accelerating the extraction of flavor volatiles, peptides, and gelatin from animal tissue using high-temperature, high-pressure, non-turbulent conditions to prevent emulsion. The disclosure further details a rapid clarification protocol using mechanically released intracellular proteins to form an aerated, buoyant filtration raft, as well as a cryo-filtration process leveraging a self-assembling gelatin polymer network to separate lipids and hazy proteins from an aqueous phase.

Ambient Pre-Conscious Intelligence (Api), Johny Manuel-Devadoss, Deepthi Prasad, Jayden Jack Johnson

Defensive Publications Series

Current artificial intelligence systems are, in practice, still largely reactive in nature. Even the most advanced assistants typically require explicit user prompts, clearly observable interaction events, or high-confidence inference of user intent before they engage in meaningful computational support. As a result, there is an inherent delay between the moment a cognitive need begins to emerge and the moment a system is able to respond. This delay is not merely a technical limitation; it introduces measurable friction into everyday human–computer interaction. In complex, information-dense environments, this friction accumulates, contributing to increased task-switching costs, reduced continuity of thought, and elevated cognitive …

Geological Environment’S Dynamic Responses And Damage Reduction-Oriented Geological Guarantee In Coal In-Situ Conversion, Wang Shuangming, Geng Jishi, Sun Qiang, Shi Qingmin, Liu Lang, Wang Shengquan, Yang Yuru, Yuan Shihao, Zhang He, Hu Xin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Coal in-situ conversion (ISC) emerges as an important transformative technology for clean and efficient utilization of coal resources. However, safe and stable coal ISC is currently restricted by two major bottlenecks: an unclear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the geological environment’s dynamic responses and a lack of damage reduction-oriented geological guarantee. Methods To construct a damage reduction-oriented geological guarantee system for safe and green coal ISC, this study, from the perspective of the geological environment’s dynamic responses throughout coal ISC, elucidates the scientific connotations of both the dynamic responses and the geological guarantee in coal ISC. Based on the …

Theory And Key Technologies Of Collaborative Management And Control For Groundwater Protection, Treatment, And Utilization In Coal Mining Areas, Dong Shuning, Wang Hao, Guo Xiaoming, Dong Xingling, Qiao Wei, Wang Xiaodong, Zhang Xiyu, Zhang Wenzhong, Zhu Kaipeng, Hu Yunhao, Zhou Zhenfang, Duan Jianhua, Miao Hechao, Wang Tiantian, Wang Hai, Xue Jiankun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background and Methods To mitigate the contradiction between abundant coal resources and scarce water resources in China, this study proposes a collaborative management and control solution for groundwater protection, treatment, and utilization in coal mining areas. From a theoretical perspective, this study investigates the propagation chains of both the coal mining disturbance to groundwater and the responses of groundwater systems to engineering interventions. Furthermore, it elucidates the core idea, scientific connotation, and technical architecture of the collaborative management and control and explores key technologies involved. Results and Conclusions A technical system based on accurate prediction and precise monitoring, covering treatment-protection …

A Review Of Full-Lifecycle Management Practices For Blue Mining Centered On Sustainable Development And Resource Efficiency, Hou Zhengmeng, Zhang Shengyou, Chen Qianjun, Sun Wei, Zhang Tian, Cai Nan, Huang Liangchao, Wang Qichen, Shi Tianle, Xu Xiaochuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Against the backdrop of China’s goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, along with the growing demand for critical minerals, this study presents a systematic review of domestic and international literature and engineering cases. Based on the Blue Mining concept proposed by Langefeld’s team of the Clausthal University of Technology and from the perspective of planning forward, this study organizes key technologies, treatment pathways, and essentials of full-lifecycle management used to transition mines from single-purpose stopes to multifunctional infrastructures. Centered on four guiding principles, i.e., energy, ergonomics, water resources, and circularity, this study reviews the synergetic planning process …

Latest Advances In Research On Co2-Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery, Sang Shuxun, Liu Shiqi, Li Dianshang, Zhang Shouren, Xu Tianfu, Han Sijie, Zhou Xiaozhi, Huang Fansheng, Liu Tong, Tian Yuchen, Zhang Helong, Niu Qinghe, Chen Yongchun, Zhang Bing, Wu Jie

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background The CO₂-enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO₂-ECBM) technology integrates greenhouse gas emission reduction and enhanced CBM recovery, holding great significance for achieving the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality of China and ensuring national energy security. However, due to limitations of insufficient fundamental research and some technical bottlenecks, the engineering application of the CO₂-ECBM technology remains in the engineering test stage. This study reviews the latest advances in research on the mechanisms, evaluation methods, and technical systems of CO₂-ECBM and explores key scientific issues and technical pathways for geological …

Key Issues And Research Prospects Of The Commingled-Production Compatibility Of Deep Superimposed Coalbed Methane Systems, Guo Chen, Wang Shuangming, Qin Yong, Xu Fengyin, Sun Xueyang, Xia Yucheng, Hou Enke, Wang Sujian, Sun Qiang, Wang Shengquan, Tang Shengli, Yang Xiankuo, Gao Junzhe, Li Ruiteng, Shi Kang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the exploration and exploitation of deep coalbed methane (CBM), which has emerged as a major area for the reserve growth and production addition of CBM in China. Variations in the temperature and pressure conditions of deep formations inevitably cause substantial differences in the commingled-production compatibility of deep and shallow superimposed CBM systems. Therefore, revealing the depth effects of the commingled-production compatibility is critical to enhancing the efficiency of the multi-layer commingled production of deep CBM and even coal-measure gas. Methods Using a systematic literature survey of the exploration and exploitation …

Ecological Restoration Strategies Based On Plant And Soil Characteristics For Dumps Of Surface Coal Mines In Cold Arid Regions, Wang Hao, Li Haichao, Jiang Xinjun, Cao Shumiao, Yang Fan, Wang Qiangmin, Xu Ganggang, Shi Hui

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The dumps of surface coal mines in cold arid regions represent ecologically vulnerable areas formed under extreme disturbance. However, a lack of systematic studies on the vegetation and soils in dumps, including their spatial variation patterns and synergistic mechanisms caused by vertical differences of the dumps, leads to insufficient theoretical bases for formulating differential ecological restoration strategies in engineering practice.Methods By integrating field ecological surveys and physicochemical tests in the laboratory, this study investigated the dump with elevations ranging from 2498 m-2632 m of the Heishan coal mine on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang. Based …

Advances In Research On Eco-Geological Environment Monitoring Of Underground Coal Mining Areas Based On Airborne Remote Sensing, Li Jun, Zou Zhaohui, Zhang Chengye, Wang Yi, Cheng Yang, Xu Lianhang, Zhang Jinhe, Liu Chuanrui, Liang Lixia

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Timely and effective monitoring of the current status of eco-geological environment holds great significance for scientific decision-making regarding both geological environment protection and ecological restoration in underground coal mining areas. Owing to its advantage of large-scale and rapid monitoring, airborne remote sensing technology has emerged as an important approach to the eco-geological environment monitoring of mining areas. Advances This study first clarifies relevant concepts of eco-geological environment monitoring, as well as the monitoring requirements and contents specific to underground coal mining areas. Accordingly, it presents a summary of the advances in research on airborne remote sensing technology for the …

From Follower To Leader: Seismic Coal Exploration Techniques In China Over The Past 70 Years−In Celebration Of The 70th Anniversary Of Ccteg Xi’An Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Cheng Jianyuan, Wang Yunhong, Wang Baoli, Li Gang, Li Yuteng, Qin Si

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background After 70 years of innovation and development, China has successfully transformed from a follower into a leader in both high-resolution surface seismic coal exploration techniques and underground in-seam seismic exploration techniques for coal mines. Furthermore, it has achieved disruptive innovations in intelligent seismic-while-mining (SWM) and seismic-while-tunneling (SWT) techniques. These achievements have established China’s worldwide leading position in the overall development of seismic coal exploration techniques.Advances In terms of high-resolution surface seismic coal exploration techniques, China has undergone four development stages: arduously catching up, striving to follow, keeping pace with continuously, and overtaking international counterparts with advanced techniques during …

Entropy-Constrained Closure For Steady, Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow Of Ideal Gases, Andrew A. Oliva

Michigan Tech Publications

An entropy-constrained closure is developed for steady quasi-one-dimensional flow of a calorically perfect ideal gas. Net irreversibility is represented by a prescribed entropy change between the inlet and outlet or, equivalently, by a stagnation pressure ratio together with the stagnation temperature ratio implied by the energy balance equation. The thermodynamic constraint, enforced through Gibbs relation together with conservation of mass and energy, yields an algebraic mapping from the inlet flow state, area ratio and prescribed stagnation property ratios to the outlet flow state. The momentum balance is retained only as an auxiliary post-processing relation and may be used to infer …

Data-Driven Lpv Modeling Via Parametric Dmd And Predictive Control Of Highly Flexible Aircraft, Larry Catalasan, Tianyi He, Weihua Su

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Student Publications and Presentations

This paper presents a method of data-driven parametric dynamic mode decomposition (p-DMD) to derive a linear parameter-varying reduced-order model (LPV-ROM) and predictive control for the nonlinear aeroelasticity of highly flexible aircraft. It directly uses the data snapshots obtained at varying flight conditions and encodes a nonlinear model’s polynomial dependency on flight conditions to produce a polynomial-dependent LPV-ROM. The modeling method can handle not only equilibrium flight conditions but also continuously varying flight conditions. In numerical studies, the proposed data-driven p-DMD modeling is applied to a highly flexible cantilever wing perturbed around equilibrium conditions and a flexible aircraft with time-varying angles …

Effects Of Coulomb Collisions On The Structures Of Fast Magnetosonic Shocks, Bo Farnell

Physics and Astronomy Undergraduate Senior Theses

We present fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations demonstrating qualitative effects of binary Coulomb collisions on fast magnetosonic shocks. We find that with a sufficiently high collisional frequency, shock rippling and reformation can be inhibited, creating stationary, laminar shocks. We see that collisions rapidly bring the reflected population into equilibrium with the upstream population, adding credibility to existing theories that the separation of these two populations create these dynamical behaviors around the shock transition region. We also see that Ohmic heating from Coulomb collisions can suppress instabilities.

Sealing Performance Evaluation Criteria And Profile Optimization Of The Volumetric Cavities Of Positive Displacement Motors For Directional Drilling, Kuang Yuchun, Hu Xin, Zhou Jingpei, Luo Jinwu, Liu Yihui, Han Yiwei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Constrained by complex stratigraphic conditions in underground coal mines, directional drilling faces challenges such as low efficiency when encountering medium-hard and hard formations. Positive displacement motors (PDMs) with a diameter of 89 mm are commonly used for directional drilling. Their efficiency is primarily influenced by the sealing performance of their volumetric cavities, which further significantly affects the drilling efficiency. Methods Based on the structural characteristics of the three-dimensional (3D) volumetric cavities of PDMs and the simulation method of two-way fluid-structure interactions, this study proposed the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the efficiency and volumetric cavity performance of PDMs, followed by …

Distinguishing Drought Experiences: From Perception To Measurement And Their Significance On Productivity Value In Uganda, Parisa Pakrooh, Fabio Gaetano Santeramo, Giuseppe Maggio

Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers

Weather shocks increasingly threaten agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the negative effects of drought on production have been documented in numerous studies, the behavioral dimension of adaptation, particularly how households perceive drought and what shapes these perceptions, remains less explored. The study focuses on Uganda to distinguish between self-reported drought (subjective) and data-driven drought (objective) and how their divergence is associated with agricultural outcomes. The study relies on four waves of household surveys (UNPS for 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12, and 2013/14) with historical re-analysis data on temperature and precipitation from 1981 to 2015. Log-linear and logit models are applied to …