Digital Commons Network^™

Running Economy Changes Alter Predicted Running Speed And Performance In Collegiate Runners, Oluchi Ibe, Robert Musci, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 965-974, 2024. The goal of the study was to determine the effect of altering running strategy on predicted running performance in distance runners through application of a novel prediction model. Fifteen male (n = 10; Age: 22.2 ± 4.9 years; Height: 177.7 ± 7.4 cm; Mass: 68.6 ± 6.7 kg) and female (n = 5; Age: 21.8 ± 4.1 years; Height: 167.4 ± 7.8 cm; Mass: 59.3 ± 8.1 kg) long distance runners were recruited to participate in the study. Participants’ oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide (VCO₂) …

Finding Aid For The Violet Valley Bookstore Collection (Mum00798)

Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids (alphabetical)

Nestled between BTC Grocery and the Warren Building on Water Valley’s Main Street, the Violet Valley Bookstore makes feminist, queer, and multicultural books available to the Water Valley community, the state of Mississippi, and the South. Established in 2017 by Dr. Jamie Harker, Violet Valley is Mississippi's only queer, feminist, transinclusive bookstore. It carries used books covering an array of topics, along with a of new books featuring feminist and LGBTQ authors, and is a registered 501(c)3 nonprofit.

Rage Against The Machine: Copyright Infringement In Ai-Generated Music, Joseph Will

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

AI-generated music has garnered significant attention, with many raising concerns about the new technology’s potential impact on both the music industry and human creativity. Others, including some musicians, have expressed excitement about AI and its potential for furthering creativity. Much focus has been placed on “deepfakes” of famous musicians, but there is also the issue of the use of copyrighted songs as training inputs for AI music generators. Some have argued that this machine learning process constitutes widespread copyright infringement, though it is not clear how courts will address this novel phenomenon. This Note examines AI-generated music through the lens …

Guilty Pleasures: The Copyright And Labor Of Reality Television, Emily Tracy

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

The Writers Guild of America’s 2023 strike forced audiences to reckon with Hollywood’s labor issues and the powerhouse unions that seek to solve them. Television networks responded with “strike-proof” fall schedules that highlighted a gap in the entertainment industry’s union membership: reality television. This Note examines and questions that gap, focusing on the labor of reality story producers and the important role it plays in creating a copyrightable product. Although copyright doctrine offers story producers little to no protection against exploitation, copyright case law implicitly recognizes story producers as, essentially, writers. This Note uses that case law to argue that …

Commerciality & Originality: Andy Warhol’S Impact On Analyzing Fair Use On Social Media, Bob Anderson

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

This Note creates a three-bucket commerciality approach for noncommercial content, advertisements, and monetized content to answer how copyright’s fair use protects social media content. To demonstrate its application, the bucket approach is applied to current discussions surrounding social media including video thumbnails, memes, reaction and commentary videos, music in videos, and news reporting. While there is no definitive answer to fair use, this Note attempts to provide clearer guidance using Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith’s lessons.

With the amount of social media content growing exponentially, copying of original content has become rampant. Though many …

Eliminating Ghostwriters: How A Federal Right Of Publicity Can Save The Music Industry From Generative Artificial Intelligence, Ikram Ali Mohammed

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

Copyright law is currently incapable of resolving challenges introduced by the use of generative artificial intelligence, or generative AI, in the music industry. This technology is being adopted by both copyright holders and licensees, as well as independent artists and third-party applications. In 2023, online producer Ghostwriter created a song (Heart on My Sleeve) directly influenced by copyrighted materials from global artists Drake and The Weeknd using AI technology. The composition garnered millions of listeners across social media and streaming platforms. However, neither the original artists nor their music group (i.e., Universal Music Group) provided Ghostwriter a license …

Full Issue: Volume 5, Issue 2, Editorial Board

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

The second issue in the fifth volume of the Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal.

À Propos Decolonization: The “Affaire D’Amour” Between The Renault Factory Strikes Of 1947 And French Malagasy Discrimination, Grace E. Wurzer

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

In 1947, The Monnet Plan was introduced in France to reinvigorate the economy, which was still feeble after World War II. Its high demands of factory workers soon led to strikes, which quickly gained the support of the French Communist Party. Concurrently, the French government was rapidly decolonizing Madagascar. Newly independent Africans found themselves financially strained in the wake of decolonization and were enticed to immigrate to France in the hopes of attaining economic freedom and citizenship in exchange for labor. These laborers, who were employed by the stricken factories, also garnered the support of the PCF, much to the …

From “Defilement” To “Modernity”: How Japan's Encounter With The West Brought Beef To The Table, Ying Yi Tan

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

The long Tokugawa – Meiji transition (1850s – 1880s) is arguably one of the most profound socio-economic transitions that Japan underwent in its history. This paper uses beef consumption in Japan as a lens to further investigate the players involved in this transition. Historically more eschewed than other types of meat and tightly associated with the notion of the “other,” beef became an embodiment of progress and modernity during the Meiji Period. Through tracing the historical shift in the Japanese perception of beef, this paper argues that the evolution of beef consumption corresponds to the radically shifting attitudes of the …

The Potomac Ploy: George Washington’S Secret Scheme That Shaped The Nation’S Capital, Benjamin A. Savel

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

For over 200 years, historians have glossed over blemishes on George Washington’s reputation, transforming the president into an almost mythological figure of the United States’ national identity. This paper brings into focus one of the more overlooked narratives about the president, revealing that his choice of Washington DC and the Potomac River as the location for the national capital was driven by financial self-interest and not by a prescient vision of future national unity.

Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that Washington knew the Potomac River could not serve as a national waterway; he was well aware of impassible rapids, sudden drops that …

The "Burden Of Blame": Coalition-Building In The Transgender Movement From The 1970s Through The 1990s, Julia F. Grafstein

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Coalition-building within the transgender movement has received scant attention from scholars in transgender history. The vulnerable period after the Stonewall Riots in 1969 was one of extreme growth in the transgender movement, as trans people came together to challenge injustices they experienced, such as employment discrimination, cross-dressing laws, police brutality, and equal access to medical care. This essay documents not only the extent of these injustices, but also the ways in which trans people united to educate and support one another in the face of injustice. Trans activists also sought to educate cisgender people and reform the prejudices of people …

Land, Labor, And The Railroad In Industrial Appalachia: How The Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Engineered Space, 1843-1872, Lillian R. K. M. Austin

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

During the nineteenth century, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad reshaped the social, political, and physical environment of the mid-Atlantic around the needs of the industrial economy. The creation of industrial space, and the proliferation of communities to populate it, is seen retrospectively as an inevitable consequence of technological innovation, but engaging with contemporary corporate records reveals that this space, like the railroad, was engineered. In order to design a supply chain that would make industrialization economical, the railroad and coal industries engaged in political and social engineering to design the new locales of industrialism, exemplified in the Allegheny Mountains by …

Variables Associated With The Effectiveness Of Ball Possession In At-Home Futsal Matches, Márcio Aparecido Rinaldo, Edirley Guimarães De Souza, Karina Alves Silva, Bruno Marques Fidelis, Tarlyson Regioli De Angelis, Paulo Cesar Cardoso, Vinícius Flávio Milanez, Solange De Paula Ramos

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(6): 916-928, 2024. This study aims to identify contextual situations (score, game time, the interaction between teammates and opponents, start and restart plays) that increase the odds ratio of maintenance of ball possession and scoring a goal. Twenty professional futsal players were evaluated in seven home official matches. The games were filmed to analyze the offensive actions. In total, 828 attacking plays were analyzed. The absence of defensive pressure from the opponent resulted in a greater odds ratio (OR) for loss of ball possession (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.7 to 2.2), but also …

The Impact Of Load Mass And Distribution On Heart Rate, Perceived Exertion, And Accelerometer Measured Physical Activity During Running, Sean Hagstrom, Scott Conger, Jeremy A. Steeves

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 929-940, 2024. Many tactical athletes (military and emergency personnel) have fixed load carriage occupational requirements. Understanding the effects of running with common military “fighting loads” (no load to approximately 18 kg) on heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), and measuring it with accelerometers has implications for training and ensuring physical readiness of recruits. Eleven (7 male and 4 female) civilians (21.5±2.3 years, 1.83±0.09 m, and 80.7±18.5 kg) completed four, 5-minute running (8.05 kph) conditions: no external load, rifle carriage (3.5 kg), pack carriage (13.6 kg), and rifle/pack carriage (17.1 kg) in random order, while …

Foam Rolling On The Whole Leg And Its Immediate Effects On Postural Control In Collegiate Female Athletes, Andrew Shim, Mackenzie Melton, Vanessa Fiaud, Monica Dial

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 954-964, 2024. The maintenance of body posture relies on mechanoreceptors, suggesting myofascial release could assist postural control. The effects of this have not been well documented, providing room for this investigation. Twenty-one female athletes spent approximately 2.5 minutes foam rolling the calf and thigh muscles on one leg then repeated on opposite leg for a total of 5 minutes. Center of Pressure (CoP) and Limit of Stability (LoS) were assessed using a Bertec posturography plate before (pre-) and after (post-) foam rolling. CoP was measured with eyes open stable surface (EOSS), or eyes closed …

Perception Of Running Shoe Cushioning: Determining The Correspondence Between Subjective Assessment And In-Vitro Measurement, Bahador Keshvari, Juergen Mitternacht Mr, Nick Schubert, Veit Senner

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 902-915, 2024. Running shoes, and in particular insoles, are the first interface between runners and running surface. Different insole attenuation properties may vary perception of cushioning and, accordingly, the effect on muscle adaptation. The aim of this study is to find the just noticeable difference between four insole materials, and investigate the parameters of in-vitro measurement of impact testing to predict cushioning comfort. Nineteen (n = 19) male participants were recruited from the sports center at the Technical University of Munich with a mean age of 23.89 (SD = 2.31), weight of 73.52 kg …

The Loss & Damage Fund: Will It Leave Greenland Behind?, Natalie L. Nowatzke

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) maintains three pillars of international climate governance: (1) mitigation, (2) adaptation, and (3) loss and damage. Loss and damage, the newest pillar, refers to the negative effects of climate change that transpire despite mitigation and adaptation measures. This notion has manifested into the newly operationalized Loss and Damage Fund, which is designed to compensate developing nations for the losses and damages that occur. This Comment identifies a gap in the Loss and Damage Fund, which will leave Greenland left out of receiving compensation, despite being extremely vulnerable to climate change, because …

Sea Ice And The Law Of The Sea: The Myth Of Article 234, Amanda H. Lynch, Charles H. Norchi

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

The sea ice of Article 234 of UNCLOS represents not the physical ice of the Arctic Ocean but a negotiated myth of ice as it affects the Arctic littoral states. The stability of this prescription is threatened by anthropogenic climate change causing a preferential evacuation of ice from the eastern Arctic compared to the western Arctic, as well as expectations for a possible future ice-free Arctic. This is leading to an intensification of claims on marine space. The irreducible uncertainties of the future trajectory of Arctic change demands a dynamic response. The myth of Article 234 will ultimately align with …

A Greater Purpose For Icebergs: Iceberg Trade To Combat The Effects Of Climate Change, Lee A. Foden

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

Three-fourths of the planet’s freshwater is stored in glaciers, and as the glaciers melt, humans are forfeiting their greatest freshwater resource. Climbing global temperatures, attributable to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, accelerate glacial melt while intensifying drought and water scarcity. This Comment identifies a way to relocate our greatest freshwater resource before it melts into the salty sea. Further, this Comment discusses how an iceberg trade could ensure the right to water by creating access to freshwater for all. Finally, this Comment introduces the iceberg trade as an equitable remedy to be employed by the Paris Agreement in the …

Projections For Arctic Marine Accessibility: Risk Under Climate Change, Xueke Li, Amanda H. Lynch

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

Few transformations in Earth systems are as dramatic as those currently occurring in the Arctic. We reveal the emergence of a new route regime in response to the evolving context of climate change and human pressures. This paradigm shift presents both opportunities for Arctic exploration and maritime trade, as well as risks for marine ecosystems and coastal communities. It underscores the need for concerted efforts to recalibrate the associated legal framework.

Indigenous Peoples As A Tool For Russia's International Publicity In The Arctic Region, Pavel Sulyandziga, Dmitry Berezhkov

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

The Arctic region is strategically significant with its economic activity, resources, and its Indigenous populations. Russia has recognized the significance of the Indigenous peoples living in the Arctic and has fueled its international publicity by using these peoples as a tool for public relations. The colonizing of these regions and the strategic use of propaganda by the Russian government weaves a complicated tale—one in which the Russian administration voices support for the Indigenous populations while removing protections for these same peoples.

Climate Change In Arctic And Indigenous Peoples: Challenges And Solutions, Vera Solovyeva

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

Climate change poses a serious threat to human well-being, negatively affecting health, traditional environmental management, water supply and food security. Changes in the environment are exacerbating indigenous peoples' problems. This is especially relevant to those who lead traditional lifestyles and whose well-being depends on agricultural and livestock production. This Article addresses the challenges and potential solutions to climate change in the Arctic ecosystem, including the Sub-Arctic regions. Physical changes to the landscape are examined alongside impacts on Indigenous culture and identity. In addition, the article explains the importance of Indigenous knowledge, values, and ethics in developing successful adaptation strategies. In …

Strategic Minerals And The U.S. Arctic Continental Shelf, James Kraska

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

The United States may seek to reduce its dependency on China for strategic minerals and rare earth elements by exploiting deposits on its continental shelf in the Arctic region. On December 19, 2023, the United States announced the outer limits of it extended continental shelf. Like other countries, the United States exercises sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the living and non-living resources of the continental shelf, which is comprised of the sea bed and subsoil of the continental margin. The U.S. continental shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles in seven locations, including the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. Although the …

Greenland's Foreign Policy, Past And Present: From The Merchants' Message To Bilateral Agreements, Kenneth Høegh

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Russia's Arctic Maritime Claims, Raul Pete Pedrozo

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

As an Arctic State, Russia has extensive maritime claims in the Arctic Ocean. This Article analyzes those claims to determine their consistency with international law. A brief overview of the applicable legal regime in the Arctic is provided, in particular, a discussion of Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), applicability of the mandatory Polar Code adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 2017, and the various legally binding agreements adopted by the Arctic Council. The Article will also review Russia’s maritime boundary agreements with the United States (1990), which is being provisionally …

Reduction Of Elopement Using A Multicomponent Treatment In Young Children With Asd, Zina Eluri, Kimberly A. Zoder-Martell, Ivette Andrade, Noemi Trevino

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

Elopement, leaving a caregiver's side without permission or supervision, is a behavior that is more prevalent among children with autism as compared to their typically developing peers. With potentially fatal consequences (e.g., exposure to water, traffic, and strangers), it is reported to cause high levels of stress for caregivers. In the present study, we evaluated the assessment and treatment of elopement using a multicomponent treatment package to address the multiple functions of elopement. Treatment consisted of verbal instructions, blocking, and differential reinforcement of other behaviors with extinction (DRO w/ EXT). An ABAB reversal design was utilized to assess treatment effectiveness. …

Twice-Exceptional Black Girls: A Case Study In Early Childhood, Krystal L. Clemons, Renae D. Mayes

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

Twice-exceptional (2e) refers to children who are gifted or talented in one or more areas and also have a disability or learning difference. Despite the increasing awareness of 2e learners in recent years, many still lack recognition and support, particularly those from marginalized communities. Black girls are among the groups that are least likely to receive accurate identification and appropriate services for their 2e needs. This case study aims to shed light on the experiences of a 2E Black girl in early childhood and offer recommendations for school counselors to better support them.

Authentic Assessment For Children With Language Considerations: Early Identification And Connection To Services, Karen Zyskind, Marisa Macy

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

Early identification of delay or disability is critical in the early years when children are developing. Yet practices for early identification are often rife with challenges for the families of young children. Part C of the Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Program of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) was authorized almost 40 years ago, mandating that children with developmental disability or developmental delay be identified and fairly assessed to obtain high quality early intervention services. An overview of the components of Fair Assessment and legal requirements are highlighted in this article. An outline for recommended practices and …

Educator Perspectives On A Kindergarten Entry Assessment: Implementation Experiences, Support, And Data Utilization, T. Scott Holcomb, Zhi Li, Richard Lambert, Angela Ferrara

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

This mixed methods study provides insight into practitioner attitudes and experiences with the North Carolina Kindergarten Entry Assessment (NC KEA) and helps determine what resources are needed to support intended use of the assessment. The survey and follow-up interviews allowed researchers to gather quantitative and qualitative data to gain a more in-depth understanding of each individual’s unique views. While most teachers felt prepared to implement the KEA, the majority did not find assessment data useful. Interviews highlighted the lack of understanding regarding the purpose of the assessment and the frustration that can follow this type of misunderstanding.

Authentic Assessment For Early Childhood Intervention: In-Vivo & Virtual Practices For Interdisciplinary Professionals, Stephen J. Bagnato, Marisa Macy, Carmen Dionne, Nora Smith, Jackie Robinson Brock, Tracy Larson, Maria Londono, Antonio Fevola, Mary Beth Bruder, Jamie Cranmer

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

Abstract

The pandemic has exposed the many glaring difficulties inherent in implementing effective assessment and intervention for young children with neurodevelopmental delays and disabilities in our respective countries, but, especially in the US. The urgency for innovative models of assessment linked to interdisciplinary services and supports in both remote and in-vivo settings became prominent. Yet, the commitment to developmentally-appropriate practice (DAP), assessment linked to intervention, is the hallmark of ECI, whether virtual or in-vivo.

However, interdisciplinary professionals have rallied during these challenging times by displaying creativity, compassion, and superb clinical judgment in providing responsive services via both virtual and in-vivo …