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Prinsip Military Necessity Dalam Hukum Internasional Humaniter, Hersapta Mulyono

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

The Ramifications Of German Ostpolitik: How Germany’S Foreign Policy Influenced The Russia-Ukraine Conflict, John Aton

Senior Theses

German Ostpolitik, established during the Cold War, was the main foreign policy of Germany emphasizing international cooperation and diplomatic engagement with Russia. As the Russia-Ukraine conflict remains active, the challenges of this particular foreign policy’s adoption are evident within certain actions and decisions Germany made in the pursuit of mutual cooperation with Russia. By conducting a thorough analysis of the historical events in German Ostpolitik’s formation and its security policy, while assessing Germany’s leap for economic interdependence alongside Russia, this paper reveals a troubling dynamic where certain actions taken under the doctrine of German Ostpolitik influenced Germany to misjudge and …

Road To Brexit: History Of Euroscepticism In The United Kingdom, Jake M. Flowers

2026 Spring Honors Capstones Projects

Scholars in recent years have attempted to understand why citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union in 2016, with many taking interest in the history of Euroscepticism in the country. Previous research on the topic has considered the impacts of geopolitical trends after World War II, Eurosceptical political activity in the 1980s, and longer-term historical attitudes. This paper examines the long history of Brexit to consider these events as a whole instead of as separate parts. As this is a history research project, the primary methodology is an analysis of speeches and primary sources from across …

Kafr Kama: The Marble Finds, Anastasia Shapiro

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The study of 127 marble fragments from the excavation of the Umayyad building at Kafr Kama revealed that most of the samples are made of Proconnesian marble and originally belonged to panels that likely decorated a church demolished by the earthquake of 749 CE. The collapse of the building caused the breakage of the panels, which then became spolia. They were marked and reshaped into small geometric forms, such as octagons or trapezoids measuring up to 20–30 cm. Given that no completed items were found, the studied assemblage probably represents the workplace of a stonemason active in Umayyad-period Kafr Kama.

The George-Anne Daily, Georgia Southern University

George-Anne Media Group: Newsletters & Magazines

No abstract provided.

Irregular Warfare, Part One: Updating The Term And The Toolkit, Jocelyn Garcia, James Giordano

Strategic Insights

Irregular warfare (IW) is evolving in response to advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies. This commentary is about how IW should no longer be understood solely as violent conflict between state and non-state actors, but as a broader spectrum of kinetic and non-kinetic activities operating across cognitive, informational, cyber, and sociopolitical domains. AI is amplifying influence operations, disinformation campaigns, cyber activities, and cognitive targeting by increasing their speed, scale, accessibility, and deniability. AI-enabled irregular warfare can also degrade public trust, weaken decision-making, and undermine military readiness and allied cohesion. There is a need for updated definitions, clearer strategic …

The Weaponization Of Transnational Crime: A Triangular Analytical Model For Hybrid Threat Development In U.S.–China–Russia Relations, 2000–2025, Michael J. Haak

Senior Honors Theses

This thesis examines the evolving strategic relationship between the United States, China, and Russia from 2000 to 2025 through a triangular model based on reactions to systemic pressures to core strategic interests. The study employs a thematic qualitative data analysis on U.S., Chinese, and Russian national security strategies to analyze strategic posturing between poles over time. This new model serves as the study’s basis for contextualizing hybrid threat development, specifically transnational crime as a proxy force of asymmetric power projection. The study found that the evolution of state-supported transnational crime serves as a by-product of reactions to systemic pressure. State …

First Amendment Forum Classification: Special Use Permits, Limited Public Forums, And The “Heckler’S Veto”, Elizabeth Price Foley

University of Miami Law Review

Pride Month is an important event in many communities because it celebrates and enhances the visibility of the LGBTQ+ community. Pridefest events occurring during Pride Month are well-attended but often mired by threats of violence. Such threats are often targeted at Pridefest drag shows, which exhibit gender-bending performances by drag queens and drag kings of one biological sex, who wear extravagant costumes that exaggerate gender stereotypes of the opposite biological sex. In Naples Pride, Inc. v. City of Naples, the Eleventh Circuit addressed whether a government may impose conditions on such drag shows when threats have been levied against …

Methodology For Camouflaged Underwater Storage, Megan Hebert, Jacob Langlois, Bryson Malaby, Abigail Szumita

Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design Projects

This University of Rhode Island Mechanical Engineering Capstone project was completed by Megan Hebert, Abby Szumita, Jake Langlois, and Bryson Malaby, and sponsored by Priscilla Kloewer of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC). We designed an underwater storage container that is hidden from sonar detection, and capable of housing a device inside of it, such as a data collection device or a torpedo. This device sits at the bottom of the ocean and must deploy the object it houses after one year. Throughout this report, we will show our research, design, process, and information from the lifecycle of progress for …

Fast Heating Test System, Karl Gruseck, Landin Lessard, Riley Nicholls, Jd Mickel, Nicholas Plants, Peter Scangas

Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design Projects

This project aims to develop a burner system to test insensitive munitions for our client, Joe Livolsi, representing NOSSA and the US Navy. The main objective is to substitute the existing process of burning huge amounts of jet fuel with more environmentally friendly propane burners. To do that successfully, we had to adhere to extremely high military standards that called for the fire to be at least 800 degrees Celsius and have at least 550 degrees Celsius within 30 seconds of ignition. Also, the height of the fire should exceed 1 meter, and the entire design should not exceed a …

Insensitive Munitions Slow Cook Off Test Oven, Sean Martin, Evan Macaulay, Matt Maroney, Gianna Piemonte, Kat Whewell

Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design Projects

This project presents the design, analysis, and prototype development of a slow cook-off (SCO) test oven for insensitive munitions (IM) testing, sponsored by the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA). The objective was to develop a controlled thermal environment capable of heating a test volume at a constant rate of 15°C/hr while maintaining thermal uniformity and compliance with MIL-STD-2105E and AOP-4382 standards.

The team designed and fabricated a partially cylindrical-shaped oven structure to improve heat distribution and minimize internal temperature gradients. Key design features include a curved aluminum shell, ceramic insulation, multiple thermocouples for monitoring, and a removable grate …

Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (Uav) Control Surface Mechanism, Tyler Dickson, Cole Rinne, Connor Ham, Evan Trombley, Elias Newall-Vuillemot

Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design Projects

Group 17H was tasked by Raytheon Technologies with the preliminary design of a Deployable Underwater Control Surface (DUCS) system for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). The objective of this project is to develop a compact, reliable, and cost-effective mechanism capable of deploying and actuating control surfaces while maintaining watertight integrity under deep-sea operating conditions.

This report documents the entire engineering process of this undertaking, from early ideation and preparation to final manufacture, assembly, operation, and testing. This process was the culmination of careful planning, design execution, performance testing, and reactive product iteration to meet the stated objectives as thoroughly as possible. …

Contributions To Ship-Airwake-Rotor Coupling Characterization Using Controlled Forcing, Guillermo Mazzilli

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Shipboard helicopter operations occur within a highly unsteady environment referred to as the dynamic interface (DI), encompassing the coupled effects of the ship airwake, rotor wake, flight dynamics, and pilot response. A central aspect of the DI is the aerodynamic interaction between the ship airwake and the rotor wake, which degrades handling qualities and increases pilot workload, yet the underlying mechanisms governing ship-rotor coupling remain insufficiently understood. The ship-rotor aerodynamic coupling was examined using two canonical ship geometries, the NATO-GD and SFS2, together with a controlled experimental framework, the airflow-and-blade-frequency (ABF) system, which independently varied wake momentum flux and unsteady …

Dinamlka Konflik Di Papua Pasca Orde Baru, M. Sofyan Puiungan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

The Long Arm And The Short Stick: How Citizenship Transforms White-Collar Enforcement, Andrey Spektor, Henry B. Blaikie

Fordham Law Review Online

Transnational white-collar enforcement has expanded steadily, even amid recent Department of Justice rhetoric favoring restraint. Yet the enforcement apparatus imposes markedly different—and more costly—consequences on noncitizen defendants than on similarly situated U.S. citizens. Noncitizens are more likely to be detained pretrial and more likely to serve longer and harsher custodial terms because they are excluded from sentence-reducing mechanisms, housed in more restrictive facilities, and face an additional layer of postsentence immigration detention. These structural features convert nominally equivalent sentences into more punitive sanctions while increasing burdens on courts, prisons, the immigration system, and taxpayers.

This Essay argues that courts, as …

Splitting Shores: Comparative Analysis Of Italy’S And Spain’S Reactions To Immigration, William E. Montgomery V

International and Global Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses

The divergence in public immigration sentiment between Italy and Spain, two countries with striking historical, geographic, and demographic similarities, is seen as a mystery for popular theoretical frameworks. Although both nations transitioned from net emigration to net immigration beginning in the 1970s and 1980s, Italy has consistently exhibited more negative attitudes toward immigration relative to the European average, while Spain has seen sustained improvement in immigration sentiment despite receiving immigrants at historically unprecedented levels. Employing a Most Similar Systems Design and drawing on quantitative demographic and survey data, primary legislative texts, and secondary scholarly literature, this thesis tests Group Threat …

Examining Institutional And Personal Barriers To Women's Participation In The U.S. Foreign Service In Comparison To Scandinavian Countries, Isabella R. Thompson

Political Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

What explains women’s underrepresentation in the United States Foreign Service? The United States Foreign Service Act of 1980 claims that the foreign service needs to be “truly representative of the American people throughout all levels.” Women also constitute the majority in such fields as political science and international relations, which often lead to a career in foreign service. If there are no legal obstacles to women’s entry into foreign service and women are the majority in the education systems that lead to a career in foreign service, then why are women not participating? Existing explanations focused on structural factors such …

Examining The Domestic Politics Of Nuclear Policymaking In America: Us Participation In Nuclear Agreements From 1948 To 2024, Stephanie A. Stapleton

Dissertations

his dissertation examines how partisan polarization and party affiliation shape US participation in nuclear agreements. Consensus views within the nuclear policy community hold that Republican governments are necessary to make new agreements, but Republicans generally oppose new nuclear restrictions. Prompted by a trio of agreement terminations between 2018 and 2020, this research tests whether polarization has become a structural factor restricting US engagement in nuclear agreements. Using an original dataset of 86 nuclear agreements spanning arms control and extended deterrence between 1948–2024, this dissertation uses a quantitatively focused embedded mixed-methods design complemented by senior nuclear policy practitioner interviews. This research …

The Dual Erosion Of Political Identity: Nationalism And Cosmopolitianism In Transition, Jaylen Turner

Theses & ETDs

This thesis examines how nationalism and cosmopolitanism have changed as political identities under intensified globalization, treating them not as opposites but as overlapping, variably activated networks of belonging. Drawing on constructivist theory and debates on universalism, it analyzes World Values Survey data from Waves 5–7 (2005–2022) using repeated-measures ANOVAs on indicators such as national pride, willingness to fight for one’s country, national-citizenship identification, immigration attitudes, world-citizen identification, cross-national trust, and confidence in the United Nations. The findings show a dual erosion of both national and world-citizen identifications in the late 2010s and early 2020s, alongside stable or improving pragmatic orientations …

An Environmental Systems Engineering Framework For The United States Space Force: Multi-Objective Optimization Of Co2 Emissions And Biodiversity Trade-Offs, Julio Roberto Pinto Covelli

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing demand for sustainable defense operations has prompted the US Space Force to explore advanced strategies that reduce carbon emissions and preserve biodiversity across its installations. This dissertation proposes a scalable systems-engineering framework that quantitatively integrates CO₂ emissions modeling and ecological simulation at RAF Feltwell and RAF Lakenheath, two strategically signi?cant installations with notable ecological value. Using toolsincluding Python, MATLAB, ArcGIS, and InVEST, this research models emissions and habitat quality under various operational scenarios. The study incorporates engineering performance metrics, including emissions intensity, resilience indicators, and energy efficiency rates, to inform trade-off modeling for real-time mission and environmental decision-making. …

Digital Deterrence Through Financial Controls: Anti-Money Laundering Laws, Lawfare, And The Prc Cyber Threat, Owen T. Tremblay

William & Mary Law Review

This Note argues that anti-money laundering (AML) laws have the potential to serve as powerful tools in disrupting and degrading the support networks that enable and sustain PRC offensive cyber operations. [...] Part I provides an overview of the PRC’s cyber force structure and the national objectives it seeks to achieve through state-sponsored cyber operations. Part II examines the existing legal mechanisms employed to combat PRC MCA [Malicious Cyber Activity], including criminal charges, sanctions, export controls, investment restrictions, civil lawsuits, and other regulatory measures. Part III introduces AML laws as an additional tool in the legal and regulatory toolkit used …

Hearing Northern New Mexico's Silenced Voices: Exploring Intersectionality And Allyship., Cheri Loggains

Doctor of Social Work Capstone Projects

Hearing Northern New Mexico’s Silenced Voices: Exploring Intersectionality & Allyship Cheri Loggains, MSW, LCSW March 27, 2026 Oversimplified social constructs of identity and power were intentionally used in Northern New Mexico (NNM) by White settlers to perpetuate oppression. This oversimplification contributes to a false narrative of New Mexico centering White experiences and creating a hegemonic system of power. The repercussions of such acts are under new scrutiny, which calls out performative allyship. However, performative allyship is scarcely studied in current literature, even though it is a natural microcosm for examining the relational dynamics of power. The current literature also implies …

The Rhythm Of Reform, Michael Waldman

Cardozo Law Review

This year, we celebrate the 250th anniversary of our independence. In January 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense. Paine was an immigrant who had arrived only two years before. The pamphlet went viral, a widely bootlegged bestseller with 120,000 copies sold in its first three months in print. It galvanized support for independence and argued that the collection of colonies should become a republic. Paine wrote: “[I]n America THE LAW IS KING.”

Is that still true? We are finding out.

Today our Constitution and the institutions of self-government face extraordinary pressure. In the first two months of 2026 alone, …

The Challenge Of Responsible Sovereignty And The Dilemma Of Responsibility To Protect: A Case Study In The Middle East, Mona Shujaieh

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This thesis applies the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) framework to examine the evolving relationship between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention in the modern international system. It develops the concept of “responsible sovereignty” to show how sovereignty has shifted from an absolute principle of non-interference toward a socially constructed and conditional norm increasingly linked to a state’s responsibility to protect its population. By tracing the transition from Westphalian sovereignty to contemporary understandings of sovereignty as responsibility, the study highlights how international norms reshape expectations of state behavior while also generating persistent tensions in practice. Focusing on the Middle East, the thesis …

Know Thy Enemy: Building A Command-And-Control Solution For Adversarial Emulation, Caleb J. Chen

Senior Honors Theses

Command and Control (C2) is a critical part of any cyberattack. It serves many purposes, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, data exfiltration, and malware deployment. Consequently, C2 frameworks play an important part in red team engagements and adversary emulation. However, many adversary emulation solutions focus on comprehensive testing through sequential technique execution instead of realistic chained and automated attacks. The proposed solution is Centurion, an open-source C2 framework that integrates MITRE's ATT&CK framework and several cybersecurity tools into modular playbooks for effective threat emulation. This paper provides background by defining key terms and concepts before delving into a …

An Alternative To Armageddon: O.P. Weyland And The Development Of Tactical Air Power, Paul Wells

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Theorists and advocates of air power argued that aircraft, not ground forces, would become the dominant platform for victory in war. They promoted the concept of strategic bombing, using aircraft to bypass ground forces and directly attack a nation's industrial capacity to wage war, hoping to ensure quick victory and avoid a repeat of the prolonged slaughter in the trenches of WWI. In 1947, led by advocates of strategic bombing, the United States Air Force (USAF) became an independent and equal branch of the U.S. military. The USAF developed the Strategic Air Command (SAC) to meet the requirements of the …

Improving Scholarly Activity Through A Bundled Intervention Of Resident-Faculty Connection And Research Ideas, Katie Suleta, Norman W. Gill

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Residents report barriers to engaging in scholarly activity despite this being a common requirement across residency programs. Two commonly reported barriers are a lack of mentorship by faculty and a lack of ideas for projects that meet the criteria for scholarly activity. The study objective is to describe the effect of an intervention to address a lack of mentorship and a lack of ideas for scholarly activities.

Methods

A retrospective cohort design was utilized to investigate changes in scholarly activity between 2 academic years. An internal medicine residency program with 30 residents and 17 faculty members participated in an …

Proses Penyelesaian Sengketa Pulau Sipadan·Ligitan, N. Hasan Wirajuda

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Threats To Cleared Industry, Think Tanks, And Academia From Malign Nations Focusing On Federally Funded Research And Development Centers, James E. Equels

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The world of academia, think tanks, and Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) in the United States face increasing vulnerabilities to foreign intelligence exploitation, particularly by China and Russia. Espionage, cyber intrusions, insider threats, and intellectual property theft enable adversarial nations to leverage academic collaboration to access sensitive research. These threats are executed through foreign-sponsored partnerships, talent recruitment programs like China’s Thousand Talents Program, and infiltration via Confucius Institutes and other state-affiliated initiatives. Academic openness is routinely exploited to gain strategic military and technological innovation advantages. Operations by malign nations compromise federally funded research, while insider threats - both …

Peristlwa 11 September 2001 Dan Penyerangan Amerika Serikat Di Afghanistan Ditinjau Dari Segi Hukum Internasional, Sri Setianingsih Suwardi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract