Digital Commons Network^™

Print Media Coverage Of Conflict Among Pastoral Communities In Northern Kenya: A Case Study Of Nation And The Standard Newspapers., Faith Sudi Wamalwa

Master of Arts in Digital Journalism

Media coverage of conflict is central to public interpretations of these conflicts. This public comprises policymakers who, among key of their mandates, is developing policies that protect the masses' lives and properties. Conflicts among pastoral communities have been endemic for decades. Media as a channel through which the masses get informed has been found by research worldwide to have an effect on conflicts through coverage. This media influence is mirrored through how it frames stories of conflict and who it quotes in those stories. Frames and sources used to determine how the audience perceives and interprets those conflicts. This study …

Taliban 2.0 And Geopolitical Security Concerns In South Asia’S Neighbourhood, Masom Jan Masomy, Anup Shekhar Chakraborty

Asian Review

The emergence of Taliban 2.0 has raised significant geopolitical security concerns in the South Asia region, particularly in the neighbouring countries of India and Pakistan. The effectiveness of the peace deal between the United States and the Taliban appears to be limited, as it has not produced the intended outcomes as initially stated. The objective was to establish a period of uninterrupted peace across Afghanistan. The rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan was facilitated by a military coup, which subsequently led to the withdrawal of United States and NATO forces from the region. The government led by Ashraf Ghani, with …

Mutually Assured Discussion: Lessons From Space Law For A Waning Nuclear Arms Regime, Elsbeth J. Magilton

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

This paper investigates the usefulness of applying the lessons of the Artemis Accords (“Accords”) to the nuclear arms regime – specifically asking whether strategic soft law agreements could create a stop gap for the shortcomings of long held nuclear arms agreements. To do so, it explores multiple instruments of international law, their uses in the existing nuclear and space frameworks, and how that may inform future actions for security or arms agreements. In conclusion, it is determined that the approach developed by the Accords may benefit future nuclear arms communications. The Accords bring many states to the table, largely underscoring …

The Challenges Of Decoding Russian Coercion, Cynthia A. Roberts

Publications and Research

This review essay critically examines cultural explanations of deterrence and coercion, focusing on Dmitry Adamsky’s The Russian Way of Deterrence as the most important recent effort to explain Russian strategic behavior through the lens of strategic culture. While recognizing the book’s considerable strengths in describing Russian concepts, terminology, and practices of deterrence and coercion, the essay questions how much explanatory leverage culture actually provides. It argues that cultural approaches risk over-complexifying the Russian case while under-specifying causal relationships, and asks why distinctive strategic cultures do not produce greater variation in coercive behavior and outcomes. The essay contrasts cultural interpretation with …

Rosenberg Institute For East Asian Studies At Suffolk University Annual Report For 2023-2024, Rosenberg Institute

Rosenberg Institute Annual Reports

These reports summarize the activities of the Rosenberg Institute during the academic year, including information related to public programming, visiting scholars, cooperation with the Asian Studies program at Suffolk College of Arts & Sciences, promotion of Suffolk's Asia-related activities, community outreach, and funding. Most reports also contain photographs of scholars, staff, and events.

Fascism: A Reading List With Notes, Michael F. Russo

Faculty Publications

Today, Fascism is on the rise around the world including, dismayingly, in the United States of America, threatening the rule of law, which is the basis of democracy. In the U. S. Donald Trump, the 2024 Republican nominee for president, has declared himself the standard bearer for authoritarian rule. If he wins, it is likely the United States will cease to be a democracy. If democracy is to survive, it is essential that citizens understand fascism, how it comes into existence, and what it does once it has taken root is essential. That is the reason for this reading list.

Universal Civil Jurisdiction And International Law: A Response To B.S. Chimni, Chimène Keitner

National Law School of India Review

The exercise of various forms of jurisdiction, and the delineation of a political entity’s jurisdictional reach over persons, places, and conduct, can sharpen and entrench inequities within and between states. One can thus aptly characterize certain exercises of jurisdiction, and particularly certain forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, as assertions of imperial and/or hegemonic power. Importantly, however, jurisdiction can also be invoked to redress certain power inequities by providing access to judicial remedies for conduct that has evaded other forms of regulatory control. In addition, while certain assertions of extraterritorial prescriptive jurisdiction can represent overreaching by powerful states, the practice of disclaiming …

Human Rights And Jurisdictional Trajectories: Shedding Light On The Colonial Genealogy, Rongeet Poddar

National Law School of India Review

International law’s tryst with colonialism has continued to have a significant bearing on the shifting sands of jurisdiction in relation to human rights enforcement. Even as the apparition of empire loomed large over Third World states, a ‘universal’ yet non- binding catalogue of human rights had become reality with the birth of the UDHR. As recognized in Article 2 of the document, peoples of non-self-governing territories could also not be deprived of their human rights. However, hopes were belied when the ECHR, as the first binding post-War human rights instrument, was accompanied by a restrictive jurisdiction clause. The original Article …

De Historia Linguae Latinae In Columbia, Esteban Arango Casas

Theses and Dissertations--Modern and Classical Languages, Literature and Cultures

Abstract: Latin was the official language of ancient Rome, and consequently it saw its rise and fall. Nevertheless, it did not disappear after the Roman Empire fell. Latin continued thriving during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, but it did not stay only in Europe. It went overseas and reached other continents like Asia, Africa, and finally America. Unfortunately, there were opinions that Latin in the Americas was of a lesser quality. For that reason, we thought important to show some of the most skillful Latin writers in Colombia. We selected three authors who were born in Colombia or who …

Adapting A Human Rights-Based Framework To Inform Militaries’ Artificial Intelligence Decision-Making Processes, Daragh Murray

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Key global powers are engaged in the development of artificial intelligence (“AI”) for military purposes, and it is widely accepted that the development and deployment of AI tools will lead to a revolution in military strategy and the practice of warfighting. The question is whether these tools can be designed, developed, and deployed in a manner that facilitates compliance with international legal obligations—in particular the law of armed conflict and international human rights law—and if so, how. To date, this question has not been answered satisfactorily. This article examines how concepts and procedures derived from international human rights law can …

The Use Of Force Against Terrorist Attacks: The Two Facets Of Self-Defence, Nicholas Tsagourias

Saint Louis University Law Journal

This article considers the legality of the use of defensive force by a state against terrorists on the territory of a third state from where terrorists launched the attack. It first considers justifications based on attribution and on the “unable and unwilling” test. It concludes that these constructions leave many legal, factual, and conceptual questions unsettled. It thus goes on to put forward a construction based on the two facets of self-defence: a primary rule and substantive right which justifies the use of force against terrorist attacks; and a circumstance precluding wrongfulness (CPW) which excuses responsibility for the incidental breach …

The Lion, The Fox, And The President: Machiavelli's Foreign Policy And Barack Obama, Eli Chancey

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

This undergraduate thesis is a culmination of a senior seminar course focused on the works of Florentine politician and statesman Niccol. Machiavelli. Infamous for his common caricature as an amoral shoulder devil for authoritarians, Machiavelli’s works have been interpreted in countless fashions. While The Prince and the Discourses, his two most significant writings, mainly focus on domestic politics, they give some attention to international affairs. This thesis serves to identify Machiavelli’s foreign policy philosophy within these works and reconcile the differences between their varied interpretations. Then, it will turn toward a modern-day prince, President Barack Obama, to determine his level …

Article 103 Of The United Nations Charter: Uncharted Possibilities? The Ukraine Conflict And Beyond, Eran Sthoeger

Michigan Journal of International Law

Article 103 of the United Nations Charter establishes the primacy of states’ obligations under the Charter over their other international obligations. The effect of Article 103 on states’ obligations has been discussed in the jurisprudence and literature but only in the context of obligations conflicting with binding Security Council decisions. Those discussions fail to shed light on its legal significance in a variety of other situations. This writing explores the application of Article 103 in other contexts. It explores the legal ramifications of Article 103 applied to states’ obligations that conflict with the Charter itself, with obligations contained in certain …

Nato Past 75: Moving Into A Twenty Years' Crisis, 2021-2041, Simon Serfaty

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

[Introduction] "A constructive treatment of Europe's present-day problems calls for historical thinking which is something more than mere historical knowledge," wrote historian Hajo Holborn about the political collapse of Europe. Historical thinking views the moment as a combination of Saint Augustine's "three presents" - of things past and things future as well as of things present. Admittedly, it is on all three accounts that current conditions now look bleak on both sides of the Atlantic. At home, the constitutional order is at risk in the United States and other Western democracies, pending the next national election; abroad, the postwar institutional …

Across The Pond, Lisa Larrabee

Theses

"A collection of stories inspired by the author's father; from his earlier childhood in Italy, to his emigration to the US around age 10 and to his adjustment in finding a balance as an Italian-American teen in the 50s, it includes his meeting / falling in love with the author's American mother and the ensuing circumstances of the culture clash from their relationship. This collection includes 5 historical fiction stories that are based heavily on factual stories, which are chronologically connected by 9 non-fiction pieces."

Embodied Ecologies And Legal Wars: The Use Of Force, Ukraine, And Feminist Perspectives On International Law, Gina Heathcote

Saint Louis University Law Journal

In this article, I examine the international law on the use of force alongside a feminist analysis of the ongoing Russian aggression in Ukraine. I draw on records of mushroom foraging to evidence how everyday practices of communities are destroyed by military aggression that disrupts the embodied ecologies reproduced in intergenerational human and nonhuman encounters. The mushrooms foraged in Ukraine, the mushrooms destroyed during military encounters, and the mushrooms growing beside land mines provide an aperture for shifting both feminist and international legal accounts of armed conflict. I argue that ecologies of harm produce means to understand the gendered violence …

Foreword, Afonso Seixas-Nunes S.J.

Saint Louis University Law Journal

On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine. After more than two years, this conflict has caused an uncountable number of victims and more than six million Ukrainian refugees are spread around the world begging for protection and safe harbour. This ongoing conflict and the increasing level of force, the questionable nature of means and methods of warfare used begs the question whether international institutions in general, and International Law in particular, are still effective means “to maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to …

The Relationship Between International Criminal Tribunals And National Militaries, Frank Rosenblatt

Journal Articles

This article studies the possibilities and perils of international criminal tribunals collaborating with national military forces to support the investigation and prosecution of international crimes. It does so through a case study of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 2002, where a multinational military peacekeeping coalition called Stabilisation Force (SFOR) headquartered in Sarajevo supported the work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague. Through that case study, the article extracts larger lessons potentially applicable to other post-conflict scenarios involving both military forces and international courts. Some ways that militaries and tribunals can work together are familiar, such as …

Sides Of A Dime, Reinetta Van

Mighty Pen Project Anthology & Archive

A navy captain falls, hits her head, and has her life forever altered. Years later, she passes her annual physical in preparation for deployment, despite being disabled. A contemplation on how a person can be two things at once, and if they should be.

Articles, stories, and other compositions in this archive were written by participants in the Mighty Pen Project. The program, developed by author David L. Robbins, and in partnership with Virginia Commonwealth University and the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond, Virginia, offers veterans and their family members a customized twelve-week writing class, free of charge. The program …

External Funding Bulletin, January - June 2024, Uno Office Of Research And Creative Activity

Sponsored Programs Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Sticker Shock: The Icj, Russia, And A $300 Billion Price Tag For War, Caitlyn Quinn

American University National Security Law Brief

Ukraine has experienced unprecedented devastation since Russia launched a full scale invasion into its Eastern territory in February 2022. Thousands have been killed, and billions of dollars of infrastructure has been damaged. As a result, over the past three years, the international community has been evaluating ways to hold Russia accountable and to help rebuild Ukraine upon the cessation of the war. Billions of dollars in Russian Central Bank assets have been frozen, and multiple states have proposed seizing Russia’s frozen assets to meet these objectives. However, outright asset seizure presents genuine legal concerns about foreign sovereign immunity and may …

Elite Foreign Policy-Making Regarding Israel: A Comparison Between Jordan And Lebanon, Mishaal B. Ijaz

Scripps Senior Theses

This thesis argues that external foreign powers, namely the United States and Syria, influenced foreign policy elites in Jordan and Lebanon to either pursue or reject normalization agreements with Israel throughout history. This thesis also examines how elite foreign policy-makers shape Lebanese and Jordanian public opinion through their policies with Israel.

The Twenty-Six Words That Created The Internet… And Then Maybe, Kind Of, Destroyed Society: Understanding And Reforming Section 230 Of The Communications Decency Act, Nandor F. R. Kiss

Michigan Technology Law Review

In 1996, Congress passed Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, a twenty-six-word law that immunized early internet companies from civil immunity arising from hosted, third-party content. At the time, the law was necessary to allow fledging companies to innovate without fear of bankruptcy-inducing lawsuits and ultimately helped to create the internet as we know it. To the extent this civil immunity has contributed to the vast technological advances over the past three decades, it should be lauded. However, the internet has dramatically changed in the past thirty years, and the law has been relied upon to protect companies in …

Course List - Fall 2024, Office Of Registrar

Semester Schedules and Information

No abstract provided.

Back To The Future: Outer Space Policy Review Of The Past For Clues To The Future, Paul B. Larsen

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

Sixty years later, Professor Paul B. Larsen revisits and discusses seven outer space legal issues identified by early space law experts and their current impacts on space policy. The first section addresses the ambiguous boundary of the non-sovereign outer space legal regime which, increasingly causes states to claim control of non-sovereign outer space. Second, Larsen analyzes how the lack of outer space regulation by an international agency like the International Civil Aviation Organization has encouraged states to seek to control outer space unilaterally. Third, although the original aim of space law experts was for outer space to be free for …

Putting Students In Their Place. The Role Of Placement Testing In Language Programs, Troy L. Cox, Matthew P. Wilcox

Faculty Publications

A perennial issue that nearly all language programs face with the arrival of new students is: where is the best place for each student to begin their course of study within our curricular structure given their current language abilities? When students have no previous language learning experience, the decision seems easy: place them in the beginning- level class. But when students have prior experience, deciding where they belong becomes more complicated given the wide range in the quality and quantity of previous exposure and the level of ability attained. Programmatic exigencies and resources may constrain student placement even further.

In …

Military Symbols, United States Army

United States Army: Field Manuals

Military Symbols, United States Army Field Manual FM 1-02.2

Graphene-Based Multilayer Polymer Nanocomposite Systems For Force Protection Applications, Mohammad Mansourian Tabaei

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This work focuses on designing and optimizing a multilayer polymer system (MLPS) for force protection applications, consisting of a front layer, sublayer, and back layer. The front layer was developed using high-concentration graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-enabled polymers, specifically (poly vinyl alcohol) PVA and (polyurea) PU, as alternatives to brittle ceramic layers. The sublayer was tailored using ABS-GNP composites as a replacement for the traditional Kevlar middle layer. In the development of the front layer, PVA-based nanocomposites were optimized with a specific dispersing agent to enhance mechanical and thermal properties. These nanocomposites demonstrated significant improvements in stiffness, storage modulus, and energy dissipation, …

“Biological Warfare: Can A War Be Justly Fought Using Biological Weapons?”, Gabrielle Emilio Fagundes

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Biological agents and toxins have been used as weapons offensively as early as 1320 BCE. Modern ability to manipulate and control biological materials has raised concerns as to how wars will be fought in the future. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 and the subsequent Geneva Conventions have clearly determined biological warfare as unethical and illegal due to the devastating effects it has on both combatants and noncombatants. The International Humanitarian Laws, based on the fourth Geneva Convention, are used as guidelines for fighting just and legal wars. Although the use of biological weaponry has been banned for almost a century, …

She Speaks For Millions: The Emergence Of Female Diplomatic Voices In The Russo-Ukrainian War, Amber Brittain-Hale, Amber Brittain-Hale

Education Division Scholarship

This research critically investigates the public diplomacy strategies deployed by a cohort of influential female European leaders on Twitter during the Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022-2023. The study comprises eight leaders - Kallas (Estonia), Marin (Finland), von der Leyen (President of the European Commission), Metsola (President of the European Parliament), Sandu (Moldova), Simonyte (Lithuania), Zourabichvili (Georgia), and Meloni (Italy) - representing millions of constituents. By mirroring the analytical attention given to Ukraine's President, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, this study scrutinizes the distinct approaches and dif erences in emotional, cognitive, and structural language use between these influential female figures and President Zelenskyy in their …