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An Exponential Cone Integer Programming And Piece-Wise Linear Approximation Approach For 0-1 Fractional Programming, Hoang Giang Pham, Thuy Anh Ta, Tien Mai Jul 2025

An Exponential Cone Integer Programming And Piece-Wise Linear Approximation Approach For 0-1 Fractional Programming, Hoang Giang Pham, Thuy Anh Ta, Tien Mai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We study a class of binary fractional programs commonly encountered in important application domains such as assortment optimization and facility location. These problems are known to be NP-hard to approximate within any constant factor, and existing solution approaches typically rely on mixed-integer linear programming or second-order cone programming reformulations. These methods often utilize linearization techniques (e.g., big-M or McCormick inequalities), which can result in weak continuous relaxations. In this work, we propose a novel approach based on an exponential cone reformulation combined with piecewise linear approximation. This allows the problem to be solved efficiently using standard cutting-plane or branch-and-cut procedures. …

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Position: Trustworthy Ai Agents Require The Integration Of Large Language Models And Formal Methods, Yedi Zhang, Yufan Cai, Xinyue Zuo, Xiaokun Luan, Kailong Wang, Zhe Hou, Yifan Zhang, Zhiyuan Wei, Meng Sun, Jun Sun, Jing Sun, Jin Song Dong Jul 2025

Position: Trustworthy Ai Agents Require The Integration Of Large Language Models And Formal Methods, Yedi Zhang, Yufan Cai, Xinyue Zuo, Xiaokun Luan, Kailong Wang, Zhe Hou, Yifan Zhang, Zhiyuan Wei, Meng Sun, Jun Sun, Jing Sun, Jin Song Dong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative AI paradigm, profoundly influencing broad aspects of daily life. Despite their remarkable performance, LLMs exhibit a fundamental limitation: hallucination—the tendency to produce misleading outputs that appear plausible. This inherent unreliability poses significant risks, particularly in high-stakes domains where trustworthiness is essential. On the other hand, Formal Methods (FMs), which share foundations with symbolic AI, provide mathematically rigorous techniques for modeling, specifying, reasoning, and verifying the correctness of systems. These methods have been widely employed in mission-critical domains such as aerospace, defense, and cybersecurity. However, the broader adoption of FMs remains constrained …

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Llmscan: Causal Scan For Llm Misbehavior Detection, Mengdi Zhang, Kai Kiat Goh, Peixin Zhang, Jun Sun, Lin Xin Rose, Hongyu Zhang Jul 2025

Llmscan: Causal Scan For Llm Misbehavior Detection, Mengdi Zhang, Kai Kiat Goh, Peixin Zhang, Jun Sun, Lin Xin Rose, Hongyu Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various fields, their potential to generate untruthful and harmful responses poses significant risks, particularly in critical applications. This highlights the urgent need for systematic methods to detect and prevent such misbehavior. While existing approaches target specific issues such as harmful responses, this work introduces LLMSCAN, an innovative LLM monitoring technique based on causality analysis, offering a comprehensive solution. LLMSCAN systematically monitors the inner workings of an LLM through the lens of causal inference, operating on the premise that the LLM’s ‘brain’ behaves differently when generating harmful or untruthful responses. By analyzing …

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Sigfinger: A Subtle And Interactive Gnn Fingerprinting Scheme Via Spatial Structure Inference Perturbation, Ju Jia, Renjie Li, Cong Wu, Siqi Ma, Lina Wang, Robert H. Deng Jul 2025

Sigfinger: A Subtle And Interactive Gnn Fingerprinting Scheme Via Spatial Structure Inference Perturbation, Ju Jia, Renjie Li, Cong Wu, Siqi Ma, Lina Wang, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

There have been significant improvements in intellectual property (IP) protection for deep learning models trained on euclidean data. However, the complex and irregular graph-structured data in non-euclidean space poses a huge challenge to the IP protection of graph neural networks (GNNs). To address this issue, we propose a subtle and interactive GNN fingerprinting scheme through spatial structure inference perturbation, which captures the stable coordination patterns of fingerprint to guarantee the reliability of copyright verification. Specifically, the data augmentation based on adaptive graph diffusion is first exploited to generate more samples, which enables the exploration of fingerprint information from coarse to …

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Llm-Based Multi-Agent Systems For Software Engineering: Literature Review, Vision And The Road Ahead, Junda He, Christoph Treude, David Lo Jul 2025

Llm-Based Multi-Agent Systems For Software Engineering: Literature Review, Vision And The Road Ahead, Junda He, Christoph Treude, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents marks a significant shift in the research landscape by offering cognitive abilities that are competitive with human planning and reasoning. This paper explores the transformative potential of integrating Large Language Models into Multi-Agent (LMA) systems for addressing complex challenges in software engineering (SE). By leveraging the collaborative and specialized abilities of multiple agents, LMA systems enable autonomous problem-solving, improve robustness, and provide scalable solutions for managing the complexity of real-world software projects. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of recent primary studies to map the current landscape of LMA applications …

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Diversity Optimization For Travelling Salesman Problem Via Deep Reinforcement Learning, Qi Li, Zhiguang Cao, Yining Ma, Yaoxin Wu, Yue-Jiao Gong Jul 2025

Diversity Optimization For Travelling Salesman Problem Via Deep Reinforcement Learning, Qi Li, Zhiguang Cao, Yining Ma, Yaoxin Wu, Yue-Jiao Gong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Existing neural methods for the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) mostly aim at finding a single optimal solution. To discover diverse yet high-quality solutions for Multi-Solution TSP (MSTSP), we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning based neural solver, which is primarily featured by an encoder-decoder structured policy. Concretely, on the one hand, a Relativization Filter (RF) is designed to enhance the robustness of the encoder to affine transformations of the instances, so as to potentially improve the quality of the found solutions. On the other hand, a Multi-Attentive Adaptive Active Search (MA3S) is tailored to allow the decoders to strike a …

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Surrogate Learning In Meta-Black-Box Optimization: A Preliminary Study, Zeyuan Ma, Zhiyang Huang, Jiacheng Chen, Zhiguang Cao, Yue-Jiao Gong Jul 2025

Surrogate Learning In Meta-Black-Box Optimization: A Preliminary Study, Zeyuan Ma, Zhiyang Huang, Jiacheng Chen, Zhiguang Cao, Yue-Jiao Gong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) approaches have shown possibility of enhancing the optimization performance through learning meta-level policies to dynamically configure low-level optimizers. However, existing MetaBBO approaches potentially consume massive function evaluations to train their meta-level policies. Inspired by the recent trend of using surrogate models for cost-friendly evaluation of expensive optimization problems, in this paper, we propose a novel MetaBBO framework which combines surrogate learning process and reinforcement learning-aided Differential Evolution algorithm, namely Surr-RLDE, to address the intensive function evaluation in MetaBBO. Surr-RLDE comprises two learning stages: surrogate learning and policy learning. In surrogate learning, we train a Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks …

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Enhancing Project-Specific Code Completion By Inferring Internal Api Information, Le Deng, Xiaoxia Ren, Chao Ni, Ming Liang, David Lo, Zhongxin Liu Jul 2025

Enhancing Project-Specific Code Completion By Inferring Internal Api Information, Le Deng, Xiaoxia Ren, Chao Ni, Ming Liang, David Lo, Zhongxin Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Project-specific code completion, which aims to complete code based on the context of the project, is an important and practical software engineering task. The state-of-the-art approaches employ the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) paradigm and prompt large language models (LLMs) with information retrieved from the target project for project-specific code completion. In practice, developers always define and use custom functionalities, namely internal APIs, to facilitate the implementation of specific project requirements. Thus, it is essential to consider internal API information for accurate project-specific code completion. However, existing approaches either retrieve similar code snippets, which do not necessarily contain related internal API information, …

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Learning To Solving Vehicle Routing Problems Via Local-Global Feature Fusion Transformer, Wei Li, Bing Tian Dai, Xueming Yan, Junying Zou, Zhijie Liang, Jingwen Li Jul 2025

Learning To Solving Vehicle Routing Problems Via Local-Global Feature Fusion Transformer, Wei Li, Bing Tian Dai, Xueming Yan, Junying Zou, Zhijie Liang, Jingwen Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Applying Combinatorial optimization problems such as the Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) have attracted increasing interest with the emergence of learning-based methods. However, existing neural approaches often struggle to generalize across diverse problem sizes and node distributions, limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios. To overcome these challenges, we propose Local-Global Feature Fusion Transformer (FusionFormer), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that enhances both solution quality and generalization capability for solving VRPs. Specifically, we introduce a Distance-Assisted Multi-Head Attention (DA-MHA) mechanism that incorporates explicit spatial distance information into the attention computation, thereby preserving spatial consistency and facilitating more robust global representation learning. …

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Can Esg Reduce Credit Risk? An Empirical Investigation Across Asean-5 Markets, Arrafif Pratama Zaini, Maria Ulpah Jul 2025

Can Esg Reduce Credit Risk? An Empirical Investigation Across Asean-5 Markets, Arrafif Pratama Zaini, Maria Ulpah

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

Based on stakeholder theory and signaling theory, companies with strong ESG performance send signals to various stakeholders, thus building trust and influencing better credit risk evaluation. This study empirically examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on the credit risk of non-financial public companies in ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) over the period 2019-2023. Corporate credit risk is measured using 2 main approaches: the accounting-based and market-based models. Merton's KMV model calculates the probability of default (PD) using a market-based approach. In contrast, the Altman Z-Score predicts bankruptcy risk based on financial ratios in …

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Personal Bankruptcy: A Bibliometric Analysis And Future Research Directions, Aqilah Nadiah Md Sahiq, Saida Farhanah Sarkam, Putri Aliah Mohd Hidzir, Nurwahida Yaakub, Shafinar Ismail, Nurbaity Sabri, Hanifiyah Yuliatul Hijriah, Himmatul Kholidah Jul 2025

Personal Bankruptcy: A Bibliometric Analysis And Future Research Directions, Aqilah Nadiah Md Sahiq, Saida Farhanah Sarkam, Putri Aliah Mohd Hidzir, Nurwahida Yaakub, Shafinar Ismail, Nurbaity Sabri, Hanifiyah Yuliatul Hijriah, Himmatul Kholidah

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

Personal bankruptcy is a pertinent topic to discuss due to the surge in personal bankruptcy cases around the world and it is an important indicator of household financial problems nationally. However, only few comprehensive reviews have been conducted to date. Hence, this study provides a bibliometric review of 210 studies on personal bankruptcy authored by 496 scholars. Bibliographical data were extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed it using the Bibliometrix-R software. Based on the citation analysis metrics, we revealed the most influential articles, journals, authors, and institutions. Using the network and conceptual structure analysis, we identified three underlying research …

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The Impact Of Effective Tax Rate And Cash Effective Tax Rate On The Capital Structure, Nguyen Vinh Khuong Dr., Tran Thao Vy, Nguyen Phuong Anh, Pham Thi Anh Hong, Bui Thi Ngoc Trinh, Cao Phuong Uyen Jul 2025

The Impact Of Effective Tax Rate And Cash Effective Tax Rate On The Capital Structure, Nguyen Vinh Khuong Dr., Tran Thao Vy, Nguyen Phuong Anh, Pham Thi Anh Hong, Bui Thi Ngoc Trinh, Cao Phuong Uyen

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

The study examines the impact of tax avoidance on the capital structure of listed companies on the Vietnam’s stock market. Conducting GLS regression testing and analysis through data of 657 enterprises listed on the two stock exchanges of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in the period from 2015 to 2022. Research results have shown that initially, when businesses carry out tax avoidance, it will reduce the capital structure of the business because the marginal benefits received from tax avoidance are lower than the marginal costs from tax avoidance. However, after businesses carry out tax avoidance and the benefits from …

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Earnings Management In Borsa Istanbul During Seasoned Equity Offerings, Mahmoud Ashour, Asuman Atik Jul 2025

Earnings Management In Borsa Istanbul During Seasoned Equity Offerings, Mahmoud Ashour, Asuman Atik

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

To increase share prices during the issuance of seasoned equity shares, firms may be motivated to boost earnings through earnings management, particularly just before the offering. This study examines the earnings management practices of non-financial firms listed in Borsa Istanbul and surrounding seasoned equity offerings. Using the cross-sectional Modified Jones and Roychowdhury (2006) models, both accrual-based and real earnings management practices were analyzed from 2005 to 2018. The sample consists of 120 rights offerings within the research period. The results indicate that firms listed on Borsa Istanbul did not engage in earnings management the year before the offering. Instead, earnings …

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Underpricing Of The Malaysian Initial Public Offerings (Ipos), Wahidah Shari Jul 2025

Underpricing Of The Malaysian Initial Public Offerings (Ipos), Wahidah Shari

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

This study evaluates the short-term performance of 469 Malaysian IPOs between 2002 and 2020. Previous studies have found that IPOs are underpriced in the short-term yet underperform in the long term. The short-term underpricing describes the phenomenon characterized by a significant increase from the offer price to the first day of closing price. The finding shows that Malaysian IPOs are significantly underpriced by 24.6% using offer-to-close return (OTC), which confirms the findings reported in previous literature. Separating OTC to offer-to-ask (OTA) and ask-to-close (ATC) indicates that a significant positive return is observed only in the OTA period but not in …

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Estimation Of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction By Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography In Comparison To Other Linear And Volumetric Methods In Coronary And Valvular Heart Diseases, Kawthar Ali Abid, Amal Al-Marayati, Ihsan Ali Al-Hasnawi Jul 2025

Estimation Of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction By Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography In Comparison To Other Linear And Volumetric Methods In Coronary And Valvular Heart Diseases, Kawthar Ali Abid, Amal Al-Marayati, Ihsan Ali Al-Hasnawi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

 BACKGROUND:More dependence on real-time three dimensional echocardiography, is in practice in the assessment of LVsystolic function in coronary and valvular heart disease.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the accuracy of linear M-MODE and volumetric (BIPLANE and TRIPLANE)echocardiographic method versus the REAL-TIME 3DE in assessment of regional and global LV systolicfunction (depending on the high agreement of RT -3DE with CMR which is the gold standard inassessment of LV systolic function) and to start orientation to this issue in our centers.PATIENTS AND METHOD:This study included 60 patients with coronary heart disease and valvular heart disease who wereadmitted in Iraqi center for cardiac disease, for whom …

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Duration Of Inter-Pregnancy Interval And Its Predictors Among A Sample Of Pregnant Women In Reproductive Age Attending Primary Health Care Centers In Al-Russafa /Al-Shaab Sector, Russul Mohammed, Huda Habib Jul 2025

Duration Of Inter-Pregnancy Interval And Its Predictors Among A Sample Of Pregnant Women In Reproductive Age Attending Primary Health Care Centers In Al-Russafa /Al-Shaab Sector, Russul Mohammed, Huda Habib

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Inter-pregnancy interval is defined as the time in completed months from the reported date of live birth of the previous child to the self-reported last normal menstrual period.Study objectives: To assess the duration of inter-pregnancy interval, and to assess the possible predictors associated with the duration of inter-pregnancy interval.Participants & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from 1st March to 1st August 2023. A convenient sample of pregnant women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) who attended PHCCS in Al-Shaab sector, Baghdad-Alrusafa Health Directorate. Data was collected by direct interviews with the target population, …

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Level Of Awareness About Diabetic Retinopathy And Eye Checkup Practice Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital 2023., Ali Olaiwei, Mohammed Ibrahim Jul 2025

Level Of Awareness About Diabetic Retinopathy And Eye Checkup Practice Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital 2023., Ali Olaiwei, Mohammed Ibrahim

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes that can lead to vision loss or even blindness if not detected and treated early. However, some people may not have any symptoms until the condition is advanced. Therefore, regular eye exams with dilated pupils are recommended for people with diabetes to check for signs of diabetic retinopathy and other eye problems regardless of the symptoms.Objectives of the study: To measure patients’ awareness and practices regarding diabetic retinopathy, to detect the barriers for eye screening and receiving eye check-up, and to find if there is any association between level …

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Septoplasty Pre And Postoperative Evaluation Regarding: (Nasal Obstruction, Rhinogenic Headache, And Eustachian Tube Function), Omar Ali, Said Al-Jaf Jul 2025

Septoplasty Pre And Postoperative Evaluation Regarding: (Nasal Obstruction, Rhinogenic Headache, And Eustachian Tube Function), Omar Ali, Said Al-Jaf

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Septoplasty is a surgical correction of the deviated nasal septum it is one of the most common Otorhinolaryngology operationObjective: purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare outcome of Septoplasty regarding nasal obstruction, improvement associated headache and Eustachian Tube functions by tympanometryStudy design: it is a prospective comparative study Methods: study was done from February 2021 to December 2021 at otorhinolaryngology department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital Erbil City/Iraq on Overall (60) patients 23 were female and 37 were male their age ranged between 18 and 50 years patient undergoing septoplasty because of Deviated Nasal Septum were included All …

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The Value Of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient In Differentiating Metastatic From Benign Non Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes In Women With Breast Cancer, Saja Zaki, Mohmmed Alhiili Jul 2025

The Value Of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient In Differentiating Metastatic From Benign Non Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes In Women With Breast Cancer, Saja Zaki, Mohmmed Alhiili

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Breast cancer is the most common woman cancer. Accurate diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph node (ALN) have an important role because it controls the clinical therapeutic schedule and influence overall disease prognosis.The development of MRI including DWI\ADC sequences improve the detection of axillary lymph nodes metastasis using the Brownian phenomena this represents an important non-invasive method with no need for contrast media.Aim of this study: To evaluate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient inthe differentiation between metastatic and benign non metastatic axillary lymphnodes .Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted atOncology teaching hospital in Medical city …

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Intracerebral Hemorrhage In Covid-19: A Case Series Study, Naqa'a Al-Zubaidi, Hasan Al-Hamadani Jul 2025

Intracerebral Hemorrhage In Covid-19: A Case Series Study, Naqa'a Al-Zubaidi, Hasan Al-Hamadani

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background:SARS-CoV can cause dysfunction of multiple organs and systems. Cardiovascular complications after COVID-19 have now been reported very often but the knowledge of neurovascular complications especially Intracerebral hemorrhage is undetermined. Aim of the study: To describe the natural history of acute Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) in COVID-19 patients.Patients and Methods:A case series study was performed at Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain medical city and Saad Alwitry Hospital for Neuroscience in 2021.Result: Twenty patients with ICH were included in this study, 12 (60%) participants were males while females were 8 (40%) participants with mean age of 54.38±10.51 years; 10 (50%) patients had high systolic & …

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The Role Of Cox2 Immunohistochemical Expression In Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma And Endometrial Hyperplasia And It's Correlation With Clinicopathological Parameters, Marwa Hamza, Sura Ejam Jul 2025

The Role Of Cox2 Immunohistochemical Expression In Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma And Endometrial Hyperplasia And It's Correlation With Clinicopathological Parameters, Marwa Hamza, Sura Ejam

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background:Uterine corpus tumor is one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies. 75% of women are postmenopausal at time of diagnosis .Thus, Postmenopausal bleeding is the most common symptom, COX2, also known as prostaglandin H synthase, catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid, identified as a potential indicator of the neoplastic transformation of normal cells into tumors cell.Aim of Study:To evaluate the Cyclooxygenase-2(COX2) immunohistochemical expression in endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia with and without atypia and itś correlation with clinicopathological parameters .Method:Cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Babylon Center during the period from December 2022 through …

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Medico-Legal Study Of Sudden Death Among People Younger Than 40 Years In Baghdad, Kauthar Maree, Saad Kareem Jul 2025

Medico-Legal Study Of Sudden Death Among People Younger Than 40 Years In Baghdad, Kauthar Maree, Saad Kareem

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Sudden death is a significant global public health concern affecting individuals under 40. Understanding sudden death dynamics is crucial for addressing health and legal implications. Exploring epidemiology, causes, and risk factors is essential for implementing preventive measures, healthcare policies, and forensic practices.Objective: To identify the causes of sudden death among individuals under 40 in Baghdad. To assess the impact of lifestyle and family history contributions and examine the patterns of age, sex, and gender in sudden death cases within this particular demographic group.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 69 medico-legal cases involving individuals under the age of 40 …

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The Diagnostic Efficacy Of The Kaiser Score For Characterizing Breast Lesions Classified As Bi-Rads Iv -V On Dynamic Enhanced Breast Mri, Howidah Hussein, Raad Abdtwefq Jul 2025

The Diagnostic Efficacy Of The Kaiser Score For Characterizing Breast Lesions Classified As Bi-Rads Iv -V On Dynamic Enhanced Breast Mri, Howidah Hussein, Raad Abdtwefq

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Baltzer et al introduced The Kaiser score to aid the interpretation of enhancing breast MRI lesions, the score ranges from 1 to 11, reflecting an increased probabilities of malignancy.Aim of the study: To investigate whether the application of the Kaiser score, can improve the diagnostic performance in contrast enhancing lesions classified as BI-RADS4-5 on breast MRI.Patients and method: Prospectively Data collected at oncology teaching hospital in medical city teaching complex in Baghdad, the study included 60 female patients with breast lesions classified as BI-RADS4-5 on DCE-MRI. The diagnostic efficacy of Kaiser score was evaluated according to the pathological results... …

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Genu Valgum Relation With Sociodemographic Factors In A Sample Of Iraqi Children Attending Sadr Al Qanat Center For Prosthetics And Orthotics, Abdulnasser Mohammed, Faiq Gorial Jul 2025

Genu Valgum Relation With Sociodemographic Factors In A Sample Of Iraqi Children Attending Sadr Al Qanat Center For Prosthetics And Orthotics, Abdulnasser Mohammed, Faiq Gorial

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Genu valgum is a deformity resulting from the separation of ankles, when the medial faces of the knees are in contact while the person is in anatomical position, the patella and the hallux turning to the anterior direction.Aim: To evaluate the features of genu valgum and associated sociodemographic factors in children.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sader Al-Qanat Center for Prosthetics and Orthotics, a tertiary referral center in Baghdad/Iraq during the period from January to December 2022. A convenient sampling method was adopted to enrol 60 patients aged 2-14 years with genu valgum who attained the …

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Effect Of Ramadan Fasting On Lipid Profile And Bmi Among A Group Of Healthy Adult People In Mosul City/ Iraq, Safana Mohammed, Manal Rasheed Jul 2025

Effect Of Ramadan Fasting On Lipid Profile And Bmi Among A Group Of Healthy Adult People In Mosul City/ Iraq, Safana Mohammed, Manal Rasheed

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background :- There is increasing interest regarding the health implications of Ramadan fasting in the recent years. Many reports indicate that fasting during the holy month of Ramadan results in reduced body weight and improved metabolic parameters like lipid profile in healthy individuals . Aim of the study :- To study the effect of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan on serum lipid profile and BMI in healthy adult volunteers. Subjects and methods :- prospective cohort study was done including a total of 50 healthy volunteers. Venous blood samples were taken from volunteer, 1week before Ramadan, and , in …

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) ‎Based Scoring System To Differentiate ‎Solitary Osteoporotic From Malignant ‎Vertebral Compression Fractures, Mohammed Kadhim, Haneen Sahib Jul 2025

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) ‎Based Scoring System To Differentiate ‎Solitary Osteoporotic From Malignant ‎Vertebral Compression Fractures, Mohammed Kadhim, Haneen Sahib

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Discriminating pathological from osteoporotic vertebral compression ‌a fracture is sometimes challenging.‌Aim: to create scoring system using several MRI signs, trying to correctly ‌differentiate osteoporotic from malignant compression vertebral fractures.‌Patients and method: a prospective case control analytic study was performed in ‌MRI unite of Al-Imamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City/ Baghdad/Iraq, 68 patients (24 ‌male and 44 female) were included, all were presenting with acute back pain and ‌vertebral compression fracture on x ray. MRI was done within 2 months from ‌symptom onset and follow up for at least 4-6 weeks. A 9 MRI signs were evaluated in ‌terms of sensitivity, specificity …

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The Immunological Benefits Of Breast Feeding (Review Article), Ahmed Al-Harbi, Asmaa Shetawi Jul 2025

The Immunological Benefits Of Breast Feeding (Review Article), Ahmed Al-Harbi, Asmaa Shetawi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Breast feeding (BF) provides infants with the most suitable nutrients from birth tell weaning. The major part of mother breast milk (MBM) is water in which the other components dissolve. These components include nutrients and immune factors. The concentration of these components varies by time after delivery. Breast milk even provides infants with various types of bacterial species that contribute for development of infant microbiota.Components that are regarded important for shaping of infant immune response include different factors. MBM contains oligosaccharides which are associated with guts defenses, cytokines that participate in inflammation and immune cells activation, immunoglobulins that arm infant’s …

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Hypothyroidism And The Risk Of Occurrence Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Farha Rasheed, Basil Saleh Jul 2025

Hypothyroidism And The Risk Of Occurrence Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Farha Rasheed, Basil Saleh

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Abstract:Background:Hypothyroidism is a syndrome resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormones leading to general slowdown of many metabolic processesObjectives:This study was designed for investigating the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among sample of patients with hypothyroidism, as well as Investigate the relationship between fasting serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels with thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine Patients and Methods:This is a comparative cross section study include 80 subjects was taken, 40 of them as patients diagnosed with clinical hypothyroidism who are on treatment. The remaining 40 apparently healthy individuals who served as a control group. The diagnosis …

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Role Of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mpmri) In The Differentiation Of Different Types Of Solid Renal Masses., Yassmen Noori Jul 2025

Role Of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mpmri) In The Differentiation Of Different Types Of Solid Renal Masses., Yassmen Noori

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Abstract Background: In the last decade, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been rising, with the greatest increase observed for solid tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols and algorithms have recently been available for classifying RCC subtypes and benign subtypes.Purpose: To assess the role of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in differentiation of different types of solid renal masses. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study performed in Al- Imamian Al- Kadhmain medical city and was conducted on 41 patients having renal masses previously diagnosed with ultrasound and/or computed tomography, referred to the radiology department. All …

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Detection Of Thyroid Antibodies In Non Segmental Vitiligo Patients And Using As Screening Test To Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, Mariam Abd-Al Hussein Jul 2025

Detection Of Thyroid Antibodies In Non Segmental Vitiligo Patients And Using As Screening Test To Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, Mariam Abd-Al Hussein

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background:Vitiligo is chronic autoimmune disease characterized by pale white patches developing on the skin caused by lack of melanin pigment which produced by melanocytes. Most common autoimmune disease association with vitiligo is autoimmune thyroid disease that characterized by presence of autoantibody (anti-thyroperoxidase, anti-thyroglobulin) in serum of vitiligo patients. Aim of study:Detection of serum anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with non-segmental vitiligo.Subject and Methods:Serum level of Anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were assessed in 50 non segmental vitiligo patients in the dermatology Consultation Clinic of IMAM ALSADIQ Teaching Hospital / Babil Health Directorate compare with 30 apparently healthy control, their age …

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