Digital Commons Network^™

Wideband Spectrum Sensing For Cognitive Radio Using Under-Sampled Successive Approximation Adc, Aziza I. Hussein

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

The radio spectrum, an inherently limited resource, has been increasingly utilized owing to the recent exponential growth of wireless services. This has led to a new approach, termed cognitive radio, predicated upon exploitation of spectrum holes for omnipresent spectrum utilization. This is made possible via cognitive radio networks’ employment of spectrum sensing. Wideband spectrum sensing has been the focal challenge point in cognitive radio technology, since existing techniques are reliant on analog to digital converters (ADC) with sampling at the Nyquist rate. Unfortunately, in order to perform digitization of wideband RF signals at the Nyquist rate, a very high sampling …

Fault Detection In Analog Vlsi Circuits Based On Artificial Intelligence

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

In thepastdecade,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenonthe rise asatooltobeutilizedacrossallthefieldsavailableintheindustry. Specificallyinthemicroelectronicsfield,exploringthecurrentoptionsof VLSI faultdetectionandtheirtypesiscrucialforadvancementandis importantinidentifyingwhetherthereisroomforimprovementorthe optimumisalreadybeingdone.Therefore,thepurposeofthisresearch is tocompareandcontrastbetweenVLSIfaultdetectionindigitaland analog circuitsusingAI.Techniquestoimproveefficiencysuchastrou- bleshootinginsmallsegmentsratherthanthewholesystemandsome resolutions todrawbacksthataren’tdetectibletohumansliketimingare discussed andresolvedinthispaper.Moreover,somenon-idealitiesand risks likemarginalstabilitywereconsidered.Finally,presentelements that areusedintoday’sfaultdetectioncircuitslikeneuralcontrollers and theANNswerediscussedaswell.Currently,theANNsarethemost utilized toolforfaultdiagnosesanddetection;however,forthecontinu- ation ofthistechnology’sgrowth,developersneedtofindmoreefficient methodstomovepastit.

Intelligent Energy Management Mechanisms For Electric Vehicles: A Review, Aziza I. Hussein

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper investigates intelligent methods used for energy management (EM) in Electric Vehicles (EV). The key role of EM in EVs to increase the performance of the vehicle and reduce Fuel Consumption (FC) thus producing less greenhouse effect. However, the used tactics had limitations. An introduced model of Intelligent Energy Management System (IEMS) for Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) was efficient for FC reduction. Whereas for IEMS Based on Kalman Filtering showed a low percentage of error. While EM using Tags Threshold Admission And Greedy Scheduling improves EV’s performance, but it can only manage energy per one EV. Another model …

Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Analysis Based On Conventional And Artificial Intelligence Methods: A Comparison, Aziza I. Hussein

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based models have been widely applied for energy consumption forecasting over the past decades. The purpose of this paper is to review the classical techniques and the emerging new techniques based on AI of the building electrical energy consumption forecasting. The advantages of AI-based techniques over the classical are that AI methods can handle a large amount of data yet gives accurate results, the results can be found very quickly, in addition to AI having the ability to solve complex nonlinear patterns of raw data. This paper will discuss several studies using different models of forecasting based on …

Nucleus Rehabilitationcentre

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

ImprisonmentofchildjuvenilesinSaudiArabiaisontherise due totherateofcrimecommittedbythesegroupofindividual.How- ever,imprisonmentalonewillnotbeabletocorrectthementalcondition of youngchildren,andcouldevenprovokethemtocommitmorecrimes later inlife.Thus,thegovernmentofSaudiArabiaintendstoestablisha rehabilitation centerforthesegroupsofpeoplethroughitsvision2030. Hence, inthisworkaconceptualproposedondevelopinganucleusreha- bilitation centeratJeddah,SaudiArabiaispresented.Inthiswork,the estimated netareaforthecenteris13118.3m2andthetotalgrossarea is 16699.56m2.Inaddition,thecenteriscomprisedoffewzonessuchas main reception,administration,archives,healthunit,reformprogram, entertainment,residenceofteenagers,mail,visitationandservice.More- over,therehabilitationcenterisproposedtobedevelopedatatDahban cityinJeddah,whichfulfilstherequirementfortherehabilitationcen- ter. Therehabilitationcenteraimstoproduceawell-behavedgeneration and helpthembeginanewphaseoflifewiththeirlocalcommunityand society,whichisinlinewiththevision2030ofSaudiArabia.

Observatorycenter, Rim Thabit

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Humans havereliedonastronomyforanumberofthings, suchasdeterminingthedirectionsandseasonsoftheyear.InSaudi Arabia, astronomyisanessentialsciencebecauseitisgenerallyused in theirculturetodetermineRamadan,theperiodoffastingandthe celebration ofEid.Inaddition,SaudiArabiahassetvision2030and intendstobesuccessfulnationinthefieldofastronomy.Thus,inorder to achievethevision,thisworkproposesthedevelopmentofanobser- vatorycenteratSaudiArabia.Inthiswork,twocasestudiesrelatedto observatorycenterhavebeenanalysed.Basedonthecasestudies,the proposedobservatorycenterwillhaveanestimatednetareaof7,090m2. The observatorycenteriscomprisedoffewzones,suchasexhibition, planetarium, administration,learningcenterandservice.Thiscenteris proposedtobedevelopatAl-Samer,Jeddah.Thedevelopmentofthe ObservatoryCenterisexpectedtospreadawarenessofAstronomyand its importanceamongthecommunityofSaudiArabia.Inaddition,it will createafoundationforthesocietyinthefieldofastronomy.

Islamic Cultural Center, Omiema H.Alnami

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Saudi Arabia is a popular destination for the Islamic community around the globe due to its holy city of Makkah. In addition, Saudi Arabia is nation, which is rich with Islamic cultural values, and it requires a proper medium for it to be preserved for the upcoming generations. Thus, this work presents a proposal on developing an Islamic cultural centre at Makkah, Saudi Arabia. In relation to this interest, this study has examined 3 cases studies with regards to Islamic cultural centre . Based on the evaluated case studies, the estimated net area for the Islamic cultural centre is 13061 …

Kinetic Energy Harvesting From Human Footsteps: Review And Case Study, Mady Mohamed

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Kinetic energy generated from motion. Such energy is observable as the movement of an object. The heavier the object is, the faster it moves, and more kinetic energy it has. In this recent era where design and science integration are vital in architecture and energy and energy, both scientists and designers strive to push their respective fields towards achieving a more efficient built environment. Utilizing motion into the architecture to conserve energy for environmental and economic benefits is one of the recent challenges in the renewable energy (RE) field. This paper aims at comprehensively exploring the literature about the recent …

The Effects Of Exercise Training In A Novel Full-Body Compression Garment On Anaerobic Performance In Healthy Men, Benjamin W. Cunningham, Mikayla M. Reese, Jesse M. Jansen, Benjamin S. Minier, Curtis A. Cornell, Faith C. Benedict, Joshua T. Mayne, Justin A. O'Dell, Gabriel M. Lysak, James R. Sackett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 836-851, 2025. Although acutely donning compression garments improves several markers of athletic performance, the effects of training in compression garments remains largely unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of exercise training while donning a novel full-body compression garment on multiple measures of anaerobic performance. Sixteen sedentary males (age: 21±3 y; BMI: 25±3 kg/m²) completed 4 weeks of training with (CG; n=8) or without (CON; n=8) a novel full-body compression garment. Subjects performed a 40m sprint (time and velocity), a 5-repetition maximum barbell back squat (barbell weight and serratus anterior …

Change In Free-Living Daily Steps Does Not Affect Vo2max Adaptation In Response To A Supervised Aerobic Walking Program In Females Ages 18-45, Catherine L. Jarrett, Brandon J. Sawyer, Wesley Tucker, Dharini M. Bhammar, Justin R. Ryder, Siddhartha Angadi, Glenn A. Gaesser

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 852-863, 2025. We hypothesized that an increase in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA), assessed by daily steps outside of steps accrued during supervised exercise training sessions, would be positively correlated with the change in VO_2max. Females ages 18-45 yr (n = 44; 30 ± 7 yr; 67.7 ± 18.3 kg; 24.9 ± 6.4 kg/m²) completed 36 supervised training sessions on a motorized treadmill (3 sessions/week, 30 min/session) over 12 weeks, at 70% VO_2max (80% max heart rate). VO_2max was assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and …

Potential Pitfalls In Visual Models Of Tipping Points - And How To Fix Them, Jonathan Dechert, Svetlana Gurevich, Stefan Heusler

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Visual models play a crucial role in both science and science communication. However, the distinction between mere analogies and mathematically sound graphical representations is not easy and can be misunderstood not only by laypeople but also within academic literature itself. Moreover, even when the graphical representation exactly corresponds to the mathematical model, its interpretation is often far from obvious. In this paper we discuss the potential landscape visualization commonly used for tipping points in the context of nonlinear dynamics and reveal potential pitfalls, in particular when distinguishing bifurcation induced tipping (B-tipping) from noise-induced tipping (N-tipping).

We propose new visualization techniques …

Swahili And English Sell, But What About Iraqw And Sukuma? Tanzanian Native Languages And Ethnic Affiliations In Bottom-Up Commercial Signage, Adventina Buberwa

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Policy statements in Tanzania forbid the use of ethnic community languages but permits Swahili and English in the public space. In this paper, we question the total absence of ethnic community languages in signposts in which previous studies of linguistic landscape attested the presence of unpermitted languages of Arabic, Chinese and Hindi. Under the auspices of the social identity theory, we envisaged the investigation and analysis of personal and place names on privately-owned commercial signposts. It has come out clearly that owners of the businesses represented would no doubt hope that the names they include in their signage would appeal …

Synthesis Of Some New Sulfonamide Derivatives From Acetanilide And Amino Acids And Confirmation Of Their Structures By Spectroscopic Techniques, Ayman Ahmad Ramadan

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

A convenient, mild, eco-friendly, economical and efficient one-step synthesis of new sulfonamides derived from acetanilide by Hinsberg's reaction between p-acetamido benzene sulfonyl chloride (resulted by chlorosulfonation of acetanilide) and some amino acids (Glycine, Alanine, Phenylalanine, Valine) is described in the presence of sodium carbonate as an acid scavenger and water as a solvent at room temperature. The intermediate compound (of p-acetamido benzene sulfonyl chloride) was initially prepared in a yield of 83.1% by reacting chlorosulfonic acid with acetanilide. Four new sulfonamides were then prepared: the first compound was 2-(4′-acetamidophenyl sulfonamido) Acetic acid in a yield of 89.7% by …

Optimizing K-Prototype Or Scalable Mixed-Data Clustering: A Vectorized Approach To Accelerate Convergence And Accuracy In Big Data, Faten Fagr Alkourdy

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

The exponential growth of data stored in databases and data warehouses has intensified the demand for advanced analytical tools capable of efficiently extracting actionable insights. Data mining has emerged as a critical methodology for transforming vast datasets into knowledge. However, traditional techniques often face scalability challenges, particularly due to prolonged computational times, which hinder their effectiveness in large-scale applications. This research aims to improve the K-prototypes clustering algorithm to optimize computational efficiency and enhance clustering precision, enabling more effective knowledge discovery. Key modifications involve implementing vectorization techniques to accelerate processing, redesigning the initialization strategy for cluster centers, and refining the …

Intelligent Control Of Wind Turbines: A Neural-Fuzzy Controller For Pitch And Yaw Angle Regulation Under Variable Wind Conditions, Salah Ali Daoud, Samir Ali Amin, Salah Sabeeh Abed Al Kareem

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

By modifying the pitch and yaw angles of the blades, the study presents a hybrid neural-fuzzy controller for wind turbines that enhances performance in variable wind conditions. The suggested system integrates fuzzy logic (for decision-making) and artificial neural networks (for learning), unlike conventional PID and fuzzy PID controllers, which have trouble with nonlinear dynamics. It employs two stages of control: pitch control at high wind speeds and yaw control at low wind speeds. The hybrid controller performs noticeably better than PID-based techniques, according to MATLAB/Simulink simulations, lowering pitch control error by 40%, stabilizing the system in 0.1 seconds instead of …

Harmonizing Technological Advancement With Ethical And Safe Ai Deployment By Bridging The Innovation–Regulation Divide, Majd A. Ali, Wadii Ali, Hussein Abbas Hameed

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

The development of technology, especially artificial intelligence (AI), has revolutionized various fields like business, healthcare, and even security. Unfortunately, examining the ethical and legal ramifications associated with such sophisticated technology is often left behind. This paper delves into the most pressing issues related to AI and its innovation; specifically, it covers issues such as governance frameworks, the legal gap of coordination, international relations, and ethical problems like discrimination by algorithms, lack of clarity on who is being held responsible, and transparency deficiency. The study focuses on the global strategies for AI governance, from the stringent AI regulations of the European …

Study Of The Phenolic Content Of Methanolic Extracts Of Eryngium Maritimum Plant Parts In Lattakia City, Syria, Using Hplc Technique, Ahmad Kara Ali, Yaser Hammad, Hazem Krawi, Yamam Mouhammd

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

This study aimed to determine the total content of phenolic compounds in different parts of the Eryngium maritimum plant (Sea Holly), which grows on sandy and rocky beaches of the Sports City shore in Lattakia, Syria, during the autumn season. The phenolic content of each plant part was quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The total percentage of polyphenols ranged from 3.44% to 17.69%. The results revealed that the roots contained the highest content of phenolic compounds in the methanol extracts compared to other parts of the Sea Holly plant, followed by fruits, leaves, seeds, and stems. Chlorogenic acid was …

Determination Of The Chemical Composition Of The Essential Oil Extracted From The Caper Berry Using Techniques Of Gas Chromatography (Gc/Ms) And Hplc, Imad Hwijeh, Muhannad Khalil, Ahmad Kara Ali

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

A sample of the caper plant (Capparis spinosa) was collected from an area in the countryside of Jableh in Lattakia Governorate in Syria, located at an altitude of 350 meters above sea level. The essential oil was extracted from the caper plant using the Clevenger device, where the weight percentage of the extracted essential oil reached 0.08%. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the GC/MS device, gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry, and HPLC. Three compounds were identified as a result of the HPLC analysis: caffeic acid 15.5%, vanillin 5.5%, and chlorogenic acid 15%. 31 compounds …

Battery Energy Storage Overview : Applications, Potential Challenges And Future Perspective, Haider Jouma Touma, Muhamadm Mansor, Ahmad Skaiky

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

In recent years, there has been a notable global increase in the adoption of Battery Energy Storage (BES). This trend is driven by significant reductions in battery manufacturing costs, improved battery performance, and the growing importance of sustainable energy generation systems, alongside global efforts to reduce harmful emissions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and independent overview of BES, including battery classification. It also explores the diverse applications of BES across generation, transmission, and distribution levels. While emphasizing the significant benefits of BES, the article identifies a number of potential challenges, particularly those related to cost reduction for manufacturers, …

Finite Element Simulation Of Composite Rectangular Cantilever Plates, Muhsin J. Jweeg, Dhia Al-Azzawi, Mohammed Abbas, Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

This work concentrates on the application of the finite element simulation and an experimental program for the composite cantilever plates. The mechanical properties of the models were used to manufacture plates with different aspect ratios and thicknesses. The used models include different aspect ratios of carbon fiber materials and Kevlar composites. In the numerical simulation, the ANSYS package was used to simulate the cantilever plates to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes using the mechanical properties obtained experimentally for both types of materials. The findings indicate a strong correlation between the plate geometry and the mode shapes. This gives …

Integrating Deep Learning And Expert Systems In Negotiation Support: A Framework For Body Language Recognition To Augment Decision-Making Via Non-Verbal Cues, Majd Ali

Al-Farahidi Expert Systems Journal

This study develops an AI-driven expert system to improve negotiation outcomes by analyzing body language, a key but often ignored aspect of human communication in decision-making. The proposed system integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to serve as a knowledge-driven inference engine. By analyzing skeletal keypoint data, it classifies ten negotiation-specific behavioral cues, including weak stance, strong stance, overconfidence, interest, and openness. This approach enhances traditional rule-based negotiation models by augmenting them with data-driven insights, demonstrating the system's potential to improve decision-making processes. Translating body movements into behavioral insights mimics human expertise to help resolve …

Conservative Management Of An Iatrogenic Left Ventricular Pseudo Aneurysm After Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery, Wiem Feki, Amal Kchaou, Rania Gargouri, Hichem Denguir

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Left ventricular pseudo aneurysm a rare but potentially fatal complication after surgery for type A aortic dissection, due to the fragile nature of the pseudo aneurysm wall. We present the case of a 69-year-old man who developed a pseudo aneurysm at the apex of the left ventricle following surgical repair of a type A aortic dissection. Initially under diagnosed on trans thoracic echocardiography , the lesion was clearly characterized by CMR . Given the patient’s stable clinical status and morbidities , a conservative approach was adopted. The patient showed favorable evolution over time.

Emotional Armor: An Exploration Of Emotion Regulation On Race-Related Stress And Well-Being, Jibri Khalia Parker

Doctoral Dissertations

Scholars have examined at length the impact of stress on well-being. However, people of color experience an additional stressor called racism. Increased experiences with chronic discrimination and racism have been associated with increased hypertension, heart disease, anxiety and depression to name a few (Williams, 2018). Chronic experiences with racism leads to a phenomenon called race-related stress (Utsey & Ponterotto, 1996). The research has shown the impact of race-related stress on physical and mental health outcomes, particularly on individuals from an ethnic background (Williams, 2018). However, not much research has focused on potential moderators in this relationship. This study poses emotion …

Posture - A Framework With Measures And Mediating Effects In Support Of A Structural Model For Attitude In Identity Formation, Christopher Kyle Prather

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation develops a framework and new, valid, abbreviated instruments for researching engineering identity formation as an evolving relational and attitudinal development process rather than a fixed outcome. The framework centers on “posture”, a mediating effect analogous to physical posture in human factors engineering. The investigation was unique, and developed evidence for a structural model using an interdisciplinary, systems-oriented approach. Methodologically, a clinical measure of internal emotional states from the Marriage and Family Therapy literature was administered alongside existing scales for perseverance, perceived workload, and psychological ownership. This study used the broad coverage of the clinical instrument to search for …

Literature Review Of Coaching Within The Project Management Discipline, Matthew Gier

Organizational Leadership and Management Department Graduate Course Papers

No abstract provided.

Coaching Literature Review Assignment, Nikole Maculan

Organizational Leadership and Management Department Graduate Course Papers

No abstract provided.

Is There An Association Between Food Literacy And Diet Quality In Young Adult College Men?, Morgan Claire Mayeux

Master's Theses

Food literacy skills can improve dietary intake in young adults as it provides them with the tools they need to make healthier food-related decisions. The benefits of improving food literacy includes the reduction in the risk of prevalent, preventable dietrelated diseases such as obesity, T2DM, heart disease, and other chronic diseases that plague the Unites States today. Previous literature reports primarily on college female samples. Because a large proportion of the samples in the available studies are female, the current literature may not reflect young adult men’s food literacy and its comparison to their overall diet quality. The purpose of …

Belonging: Stories From Multilingual Learners In The Linguistic Minority, Riley Stouffer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative case study examines how multilingual learners in the linguistic minority (MLLMs) experience connection and belonging in a Rocky Mountain middle school. Although multilingual learners (MLs) have received increased attention, MLLMs, whose home languages are not widely spoken in the school context, remain overlooked. Grounded in Krashen’s (1982) Affective Filter Hypothesis and Wills and Shinar’s (2000) Supportive Functions of Belonging, this study explores how MLLMs navigate school, what fosters or hinders belonging, and how these experiences shape engagement.

Data from semistructured interviews, classroom observations, and field notes with eight MLLM students in grades 6–8 revealed that belonging was fostered …

The Experiences Of School Psychologists Serving Students With Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Phenomenology, E. Grace Ritchie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a complex experience associated with a diverse constellation of symptoms and challenges. TBI scholars have extensively explored the varying needs of youth in the aftermath of a head injury. Likewise, recent literature details recommendations for school psychological services in support of these students. Such recommendations largely reflect insights drawn from broader TBI and disability research, integrated with the established scope of school psychologists’ practice (e.g., the National Association of School Psychologists Practice Model). Nevertheless, school psychologists’ perceptions of these students’ challenges have been inadequately examined. Such perspectives are likely valuable, given school psychologists’ unique training …

Unleashing Nk Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy In Lung Cancer: Biologic Challenges And Clinical Advances, Quinlan Mclaughlin, Dorothy K Sojka, Kathleen Kennedy, Sytse J Piersma, Nan Sethakorn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial part of the innate immune system and serve as an important effector for killing tumor cells through direct cytolytic activity or immunomodulatory signaling to T cells and antigen presenting cells. NK cells are correlated with increased tumor control and better overall patient survival across various types of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite their promising potential for anti-tumor killing, NK cell function is often diminished within the tumor microenvironment. There are many factors that lead to decreased tumor-infiltrating NK cell killing, including immunoinhibitory factors from tumor cells and resident tissues, acquired …