Digital Commons Network^™

Wet-Carbonation Of Rcas For Improved Carbonation Efficiency And Mechanical Properties Of Carbonated Rcas And Rca Concrete, Xiang Zhao, Qingli Dai, Jiankai Xie

C3 Symposium 2025

The increasing volume of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) poses significant environmental challenges, making its effective management and treatment crucial. Recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), derived from C&DW, often exhibit weak interfacial transition zones (ITZ), high porosity, and micro-cracks due to residual mortar, limiting their structural performance [1] [2]. This study developed a novel wet carbonation process using glycine acid as an inducer to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of RCA and RCA concrete. Glycine acid, with carboxyl and amino functional groups, formed stable complexes with Ca²⁺ ions, increasing calcium solubility and accelerating carbonation[3]. The process promoted the formation of …

Experimental Study About Various Factors That Influence Quantitative Accuracy Of Co2 Content In Carbonated Cementitious Material, Kazuya Yamashita, Kazuto Tabara, Hiroyuki Kameda, Sho Yoshino

C3 Symposium 2025

We investigated a method to accurately quantify the amount of CO2 fixed in concrete. There are major measurement methods which have different sample decomposition process by acid (AC) and thermal decomposition (TC) method, and the type of CO2 which is able to be quantified is determined by the decomposition methods. Theoretically AC method can quantify only inorganic carbon in cementitious materials. On the other hand, CO2 content by TC method would be affected by organic and elemental carbon containing in the sample, because TC method cannot recognize those. In this study, we designed to compare the CO2 content of cement …

Aqueous Carbonation For Co2 Curing Of Construction Materials, Jae Hong Kim, Seongho Han, Yubin Jun

C3 Symposium 2025

This paper reviews CO2 curing process for construction materials, focusing on conventional and aqueous carbonation methods. While conventional CO2 curing utilizes gaseous CO2 to accelerate early-age strength development, aqueous carbonation introduces CO2-dissolved water as an advanced alternative. The latter approach, particularly when combined with amine solutions, offers improved application efficiency without requiring specialized curing chambers. The applications of aqueous carbonation extend beyond traditional curing to include surface treatment for enhanced durability, recycled aggregate strengthening, and geopolymer concrete production. These developments represent significant progress toward sustainable concrete production while contributing to carbon utilization in construction industry.

Advances In Carbon Capture And Utilization For Production Of Binders And Aggregate, Hongyan Ma

C3 Symposium 2025

This paper examines various carbon capture and utilization strategies for the decarbonization of cement and concrete, including carbon mineralization and integrated CO2 capture and utilization for the production of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), alternative binders, and artificial aggregates, as well as other emerging solutions.

Calcium Nitrate Effectively Mitigates Alkali-Silica Reaction By Surface Passivation Of Reactive Aggregates, Rui Xiao, Dale Prentice, Marie Collin, Magdalena Balonis, Erika La Plante, Mehrdad Torabzadegan, Torben Gadt, Gaurav Sant

C3 Symposium 2025

Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂, CN) has demonstrated strong potential as an additive to suppress alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. Its effectiveness is attributed to the formation of precipitates (i.e., barrier or passivation layer) that hinder the dissolution of reactive aggregates. This study investigates the ASR mitigation performance of CN across two cement types—ordinary Type I/II and Portland Limestone Cement (PLC)—in combination with aggregates of varying reactivity and several supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including amorphous steel slag and both Class C and Class F fly ashes. Accelerated mortar bar tests, following ASTM C1260 and C1567, show that CN substantially reduces expansion in …

Activation Of Self-Healing In Pozzolanic Natural Hydraulic Lime-Based Self-Compacting Concrete Under Cyclic Compression, Ángel De La Rosa, Gonzalo Ruiz

C3 Symposium 2025

This study investigates the activation of autogenous self-healing in sustainable pozzolanic hydraulic lime self-compacting concrete under cyclic compressive loading. This cement-free formulation enhances crack closure and mechanical resilience, offering a promising alternative that improves durability and long-term performance for eco-friendly construction and restoration of heritage or low-carbon infrastructure.

Reactivating Recycled Hydrated Cement Into A Value-Added Cementitious Material Using Co2, Hamed Maraghechi, Luis Baquerizo Ibarra, Shayan Gholami, Deepika Sundar, Azadeh Hosseinpanahi

C3 Symposium 2025

The mineralization of CO₂ from industrial emissions using hydrated cement components, primarily sourced from abundant end-of-life concrete or other waste concrete materials, could provide a unique pathway for reducing GHG emissions associated with the construction industry. Calcium silicate hydrates, along with other hydrated and unhydrated clinker phases, undergo dissolution- precipitation reactions, forming stable calcium carbonates and amorphous decalcified silicate-rich phases, which can be utilized as supplementary cementitious materials. This work demonstrates the characteristics of CO₂ mineralization in hydrated cement paste materials and the resulting products.

Rice Straw Ash As A Sustainable Cementitious Binder: Investigations Into Pretreatment And Performance, Deepak Babu, Athira Gopinath

C3 Symposium 2025

As part of its sustainable development goals, India has been promoting biomass-to-energy projects to convert agricultural waste into renewable energy and reduce pollution from the open burning of residues. Rice straw-fuelled power plants in northern India generate large quantities of rice straw ash (RSA) as a by-product. RSA has probable use as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), but there is limited literature. This study aimed to characterise RSA from three different power plants and investigate its feasibility as an SCM. Analysis revealed that RSA contains silica but has a larger proportion of Potassium Chloride (KCl) contributing to a low strength …

Exploring The Use Of Cattle Manure Digestate Ash For Partial Cement Replacement In The Production Of Concrete, Georges Fahd Khoury, Jessica Ensini, Francesca Ferretti, Enrico Sassoni, Marco Bovo, Claudio Mazzotti

C3 Symposium 2025

The paper investigates, through preliminary tests on mortar mixes, the possibility of substi-tuting a relevant percentage of cement with cattle manure ash for production of sustainable concretes.

Low-Carbon Supplementary Cementitious Materials (Scms) From Waste Stamp Sands, Xiang Zhao, Qingli Dai

C3 Symposium 2025

Addressing the critical challenge of reducing CO₂ emissions in the cement industry involves utilizing waste stamp sands as a sustainable source for supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Stamp sands, abundant in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, contain silicate minerals that can be converted into high-performance SCMs, enabling reductions in clinker usage and overall carbon emissions [1].Therefore, this study investigated the potential of waste stamp sands from Lake Superior (Gay, MI) as SCMs through calcination. Compositional analysis revealed that the sands contained silicate minerals such as albite, diopside, and anorthite, making them suitable for pozzolanic activity [2, 3]. Calcination at 800–900°C transformed these crystalline …

Advancing The Use Of Supplementary Cementitious Materials: A Novel Framework For Quantitative Reactivity Estimation, Bryan Aylas-Paredes, Rohan Bhat, Narayanan Neithalath, Aditya Kumar

C3 Symposium 2025

The partial replacement of Portland cement (PC) with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) presents an effective strategy to reduce CO2 emissions associated with cement production while preserving essential mechanical properties and durability. SCMs, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, calcined clays, and other aluminosilicate-rich materials, enhance sustainability through their pozzolanic and hydraulic reactivity. Despite their significant potential, the widespread adoption of SCMs has been limited by the absence of straightforward and quantitative methods to assess their reactivity‒a crucial property influenced by chemical composition, amorphous content, and particle fineness. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel, simplified quantitative method …

Enhancing The Reactivity Of Steel Slag For High-Quality Scms, Laura Stefanini, Luke Hunter, K. H. C. Yap, Grace Gledden, Salvador Marval, Alex Dawes, Frederic Scott, Eliot Brooks, William J. Knapp

C3 Symposium 2025

The transition towards more sustainable steelmaking methods, such as electric arc furnace (EAF) processes, is driving a significant increase in the production of electric arc furnace slag (EAFS). Unlike ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a widely used by-product of traditional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) processes, EAFS currently has limited applications, primarily as aggregate in concrete or asphalt, with large volumes landfilled. Efforts to utilise EAFS as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) have shown mixed outcomes due to its low inherent reactivity and variability in properties. Our research focuses on developing a process to enhance the reactivity of EAFS …

Autoclave Curing Of Cement Pastes With Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Carolina Albuquerque Da Silva, Kejin Wang2, Dayana Cristina Silva Garcia

C3 Symposium 2025

This study proposes an alternative way of using sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) in cementitious materials by investigating the influence of autoclave curing on the microstructure of cement paste. Samples were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% SCBA as a replacement for cement. Two curing methods were used for the pastes: room temperature curing and autoclave curing. The results showed that the samples cured at room temperature showed similar microstructure development, while distinct hydration products formed under autoclave curing. Tobermorite and traces of xonotlite were detected in samples with high SCBA content, and traces of α-C2SH were …

You Are What You Eat: Using Trademark Law To Address Consumer Confusion In Food Labeling, Brooke Raniere

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

America is experiencing a health crisis. Our grocery store promulgates illusions of endless food choices; however, this abundance is sustained by only a handful of dominating food conglomerates. With the increased centralization of power in the food supply system, foods have generally become ultra-processed and unhealthier. Companies often use strategic marketing through packaging design, labeling, and food names to capture additional consumers through health claims that often do not reflect these foods' contents. As American citizens' average health continues to decline, large food conglomerates have increasingly pushed the boundaries of what they can claim, creating vast confusion and mislabeling in …

The First Sale Doctrine For The Digital Age, Ethan Thomas

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

For well over a century consumers have long enjoyed the ability to resell, gift, lend, or otherwise transfer their legally purchased copyrighted media. First established in common law and later codified into the Copyright Act of 1976 the first sale doctrine granted the right of transfer to consumers. In 2013, a district court held that the first sale doctrine does not let consumers transfer digital media through file sharing. Instead, a consumer must sell the object the media was downloaded onto. This decision effectively gutted the first sale doctrine’s application to digital media. Further reducing the reach of the first …

Rectifying The Disconnect Between The Policy Of The Doctrine Of Equivalents And Practice, Ian Moore

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

The doctrine of equivalents began as a measure to protect inventors from unscrupulous copiers who would make substitutions to avoid liability under literal infringement claims. Prosecution history estoppel was established as a guardrail to the doctrine, as a method of bringing some certainty to the scope of patent claims. However, in the Supreme Court’s zeal to contain the doctrine, they over-curbed its efficacy.

In cases that hinged on the doctrine of equivalents, patentees were only successful 21% of the time in district court, and 22% of the time in the federal circuit. A much lower success rate compared to the …

You Can’T Handle The Obvious: Lkq And Testing For Nonobviousness In Design Patents, Frank Easterlin

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

This Note traces the change from the rigid Rosen-Durling test for obviousness in design patents, to the Graham analysis in light of KSR v. Teleflex. The history of obviousness inquiries supported a more flexible approach and thus made Rosen-Durling unsupportable as anomalous. However, in abandoning a functional, if stiff, test for obviousness, the Federal Circuit both clarifies and clutters the law around obviousness. This Note follows that change, makes sense of what it can, and humorously criticizes the ambiguities and circularity of the court’s opinion. Ultimately, the new test opens up design patents to a wider array of attacks. This …

Paws Off My Image: Why Rights Of Publicity Should Be Expanded, Lauren Didelot

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

In our increasingly digital world, exposure to fame and fortune has become more accessible than ever, and many pet owners have taken advantage of this. The rise of “petfluencers” has called into question the extent of available rights of these celebrity animals’ owners to protect and maintain their pet’s commercial value, thus preventing instances of unfair enrichment from other’s exploitation of their beloved animals. This Note argues for the acceptance of an animal’s right of publicity. We begin with an exploration of the right of publicity itself and its current applications. Next, we will discuss the intellectual property rights currently …

You Wanted The Best? You Got The Best! If You Can Pay For It... Antitrust Considerations And Artist-Based Solutions For Lower Concert Ticket Prices, Jake Farbman

Journal of Intellectual Property Law

The live music industry has become increasingly inaccessible to fans as ticket prices continue to rise under the dominance of Live Nation Entertainment and Ticketmaster. Since their controversial 2010 merger, the two companies have consolidated control over both the primary and secondary ticketing markets, fostering anticompetitive practices that allegedly include exclusive venue agreements, coercive bundling of promotion and ticketing services, and dynamic pricing schemes. These practices have drawn widespread scrutiny from lawmakers, regulators, artists, and consumers alike, culminating in the Department of Justice’s 2024 antitrust lawsuit seeking to break up the conglomerate.

This Article traces the historical development of the …

Dilemmas And Prospects Of Infectious Disease Prevention In Long-Term Care: A Qualitative Study, Po-Jen Kung, Ching-Min Chen, Nancy Reynolds

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Aim: To explore the experiences of long-term care workers in preventing emerging infectious diseases, the challenges they faced during the pandemic, and how they were addressed.

Design: This study used an exploratory qualitative research design.

Methods: The study involved various long-term care institutions across Taiwan. Twelve interviewees, including four nurses, four nursing assistants, and four managers, were recruited via purposive sampling. All interviewees worked in the sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, were actively involved in clinical care or institutional management, and were proficient in Mandarin. In-depth interviews were conducted face-to-face between July and August 2024, and data …

Pandemic Prevention Competencies Of Long-Term Care Institution Workers: A National Survey In Taiwan, Po-Jen Kung, Ching-Min Chen, Katherine Ornstein

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Aim: To assess the self-perceived pandemic prevention competencies of health and care workers in Taiwan’s long-term care institutions and identified key factors influencing these competencies.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from June to July 2024 using stratified proportional sampling of health and care workers (nursing and nursing assistants) from various types of long-term care institutions (assisted living facilities, residential care homes and nursing homes). Participants were actively employed during the survey, involved in COVID-19 prevention efforts, and proficient in reading traditional Chinese. Data on pandemic prevention competencies were collected, using the Emerging Infectious Disease Prevention Competencies …

Developing And Validating An Emerging Infectious Disease Prevention Competencies Scale, Po-Jen Kung, Ching-Min Chen

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Aim: To develop an instrument and evaluate its psychometric properties for emerging infectious disease assessing prevention competencies among health and care workers in long-term care institutions.

Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods was employed.

Methods: The scale was developed according to scale development guidelines in two phases, namely the scale development phase and scale testing phase, with the staff of long-term care institutions as the study population and their workplaces as the sampling unit.

Results: The scale comprises 27 items across three dimensions: 14 items pertaining to professional role performance, 7 items addressing workplace resources, …

Health And Care Workers’ Roles In Infectious Disease Prevention In Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review, Po-Jen Kung, Ching-Min Chen, Yi-Yuan Cheng

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Aim: To describe how health and care workers contribute to the prevention of emerging infectious diseases in long-term care facilities.

Design: A scoping review.

Methods: A systematic search of literature dating from 2002 to 2022 was conducted in the following databases: EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and AgeLine. Studies were selected if they focused on health and care workers in long-term care facilities, offered a perspective on the prevention of emerging infectious diseases or infection prevention and control, and were original qualitative or quantitative studies in English. Data were extracted, cross-checked …

Assessing Nurses’ Competency And Readiness: The First Step In A Journey To Ebp, Frances Chu, Cara Gallegos

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Aims: To examine relationships between nurse characteristics and evidence-based practice (EBP) competency, beliefs, organizational culture and readiness, implementation self-efficacy, and mentors access to inform implementation of EBP.
Background. An abundance of literature demonstrates the beneficial effects of using EBP in clinical care and return on investment. Many hospitals continue to struggle with EBP adoption, and literature demonstrates that many nurses express lack EBP competence. In a healthcare system, with different organizational culture, resources, and nurses, an assessment of the current state of nurses’ EBP competency and their perceptions of support for EBP is needed to identify potential interventions to implement …

Developing Pico, Research Questions And Protocols, Sandra Y. Desjardins

Library Class: Lunch & Learn

Whether you're a student, a physician, or a faculty member, every great research project starts with a clear plan. This session will walk you through the essential steps of turning a research idea into a structured plan using the PICO framework. We'll cover how to develop focused research questions and discuss the value of using established protocols to ensure your work is sound and reproducible.

Come learn the foundational skills needed for successful research in a welcoming and practical "Lunch & Learn" environment.

Automatic Generation Of A Labeled Corpus Of Conversational Failures During Interaction Between A User And A Conversational Ai Agent, Ilia Labzovsky, Danny Karmon

Defensive Publications Series

Current techniques to detect conversational failures during interaction between users and conversational artificial intelligence (AI) have many limitations - they capture only a tiny fraction of failures, lack context about the user's internal state during the conversation, and are not scalable. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically detect, classify, and log conversational failures in interactions between users and conversational AI agents to generate a rich, structured dataset. With user permission, conversations are analyzed to detect prosodic features and acoustic cues within context to determine likely occurrences of conversational failures. The conversational state is tracked using a state vector that encodes …

An Analysis Of Bertolt Brecht's Reception And Transformation Of Yan'an Literature, Yidi Bo

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Bertolt Brecht exemplifies the deep engagement of of German writers with Chinese culture in the twentieth century. Upon his return to the GDR in his later years, Brecht's appreciation of Chinese literature focused particularly on Yan'an literature. In addition to reading Yan'an literature and writings published overseas, he wrote and staged plays about contemporary China. After the partial publication of Mao Zedong's “Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art” in a German journal in 1951, Brecht was inspired to advocate for new principles for German writers and artists. Under his direction, the Berliner Ensemble staged the Chinese one-act …

Panel 5 - Transnational Networks And Global Tax Governance, Amin Mawani, Shu-Yi Oei, Miranda Stewart

A. Cockfield Memorial Symposium

Chair: Amin Mawani (York University)

Shu-Yi Oei (Duke University), Transnational Actors and Networks in Global Tax Reform

Miranda Stewart (New York University/University of Melbourne), Are We Still Regulating Up? Transnational Networks and Global Cooperation in Tax Administration

Commentators: Lilian Faulhaber (Georgetown University); Angelo Nikolakakis (EY)

Feasibility Of Helium And Nitrogen As Surrogate Gases For Hydrogen Jet Using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence In A Constant Volume Chamber, Jungho Justin Kim, Seong Young Lee, Youngmin Ki, Joonsik Hwang, Choongsik Bae

Michigan Tech Publications

This study investigates the feasibility of using helium and nitrogen as surrogate gases for visualizing the non-reactive behavior of hydrogen jets in a constant volume chamber. Hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen were individually mixed with acetone vapor and injected using a hollow-cone injector. The fuel distribution was visualized using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), while simultaneous Schlieren imaging was employed to capture overall jet structures. Quantitative comparisons of jet areas extracted from both imaging techniques demonstrated that acetone effectively followed the gas-phase flow of each species, validating its use as a flow tracer. Furthermore, helium and nitrogen exhibited jet dispersion patterns comparable …

Controlling Private Economic Power: Lessons Learned From The Us Experience In The First Decades Of The 20th Century, Thierry Kirat, Frédéric Marty

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

Concerns related to Big Techs have led to a proliferation of legislative initiatives to complete competition rules with regulatory devices that would lead gatekeepers to be subject to obligations to preserve an equality of opportunities on the market. Within this context, this contribution revisits American decision-making practice from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century to show how regulatory-type interventions and the enforcement of competition rules have been activated to control the strategies of firms acting as gatekeepers. What we can learn from this experience is that a big firm having private regulatory power …