Digital Commons Network^™

Personal Remembrances Of Mr. Justice Holmes By His Former Law Clerks, Chauncey Belknap, Laurence Curtis, Charles Denby, John E. Lockwood, Alger Hiss, Robert W. Wales, Mark Dewolfe Howe

Florida Law Review

No abstract provided.

Sec. 351 - Problems, Planning, And Procedures, Frank M. Burke Jr.

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Military Academic-Scientific Production In Times Of Generative Ai: Ethical Boundaries And Challenges For Strategic Stability, Arlindo J. Barros Junior, Rômulo F. Santos, Weslei J. Batista

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies, which includes Artificial Intelligence (AI), has driven profound transformations across various sectors and in human behavior in recent years, permeating nearly all fields of knowledge. In this context, the use of AI as a tool to support academic-scientific production cannot be considered an exception. Additionally, there is a growing need for AI literacy for its users, for regulation and for the establishment of criteria to ensure these technologies are employed ethically and responsibly. In light of this global trend, the Brazilian Army has been seeking ways to regulate, manage, and optimize the use …

Simulation-Based Learning In Security Studies: A Rubric-Guided Approach To Nato–Russia Dynamics On The Korean Peninsula, Travis Morris, Yangmo Ku, Maggie Mitchell

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This article examines the implementation and efficacy of a team-taught simulation-based learning series designed to deepen students’ understanding of NATO–Russia interactions on the Korean Peninsula. Drawing on the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy and guided by a comprehensive rubric, this framework provides a structured, progressive approach to developing learners’ analytical, evaluative, and creative competencies. Through six sequential simulations using the SEERIST platform—culminating in strategic policy recommendations—students enhance their ability to recall foundational knowledge, apply complex concepts, analyze multifaceted scenarios, evaluate diverse outcomes, and propose innovative solutions. The article discusses theoretical underpinnings, the design and implementation of the simulation series, the associated …

‘Reflective Learning’ – Teaching The South African Military Academy Way, Jean Pierre Scherman Dr

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Professional military education for young officers within the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) has since 1950 been vested within the South African Military Academy (SAMA), Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. As an all services academy, the SAMA houses student from all four arms of service that constitute the SANDF, namely the South African Army, Navy, Air Force and Medical Health Services. With such a vastly different student body, the five schools within the SAMA correspondingly cover an extremely varied field of study ranging from military law and military management to military psychology all the way to more traditional …

Modernizing Military Education In Kosovo: From Theory To Practice Through Innovation And Technology, Linda Ziberi, Dardan Syla

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This paper examines the need for Kosovo's Military Academy (KMA) to modernize its education system, particularly its necessity to transition from a theory-based methodology to more modern and innovative teaching and training approaches that incorporate advanced technology. Despite ongoing institutional development, the Kosovo Military Academy continues to rely on traditional teaching methods, which limits its capacity to prepare cadets for the demands of modern military operations. Barriers such as limited funding, outdated infrastructure, and resistance to pedagogical change further complicate efforts to modernize.

To address these challenges, the paper advocates for the adoption of modern, learner-centered strategies, including Simulation and …

What Is The Point Of Reading War Literature In The Military Academy: Reflection Of Contemporary Warfare Through The Siege Motif In Serhiy Zhadan’S How Fire Descends: New And Selected Poems, Dong-Ha Seo

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This study argues that war poetry, when critically read in military education, enables cadets to engage with the ethical, psychological, and human dimensions of war. Rather than serving as propaganda or glorification of battle, war poetry voices the unspoken suffering of soldiers and civilians and preserves the memory of trauma. Drawing on Nil Santiáñez’s recent work on the symbiosis between war and language, this article situates war writing as a space where questions of knowledge, ethics, and survival are inevitably confronted. In particular, the works of Serhiy Zhadan and Cho Ji-hoon demonstrate how poetry transforms urban conflict into a record …

The Greatest Victory: Teaching Strategy And Peace Through Negotiation, W. Chad Austin

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This article examines how structured negotiation instruction, centered on the Circle of Value framework, enhances the critical and strategic thinking skills of cadets at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). Drawing on experiential learning, role-play simulations, and case studies—such as U.S.-China tensions over Taiwan—the article demonstrates how cadets apply integrative negotiation techniques to real-world geopolitical scenarios. The Circle of Value framework emphasizes interest-based negotiation, objective criteria, creative option generation, and the development of mutually beneficial outcomes. Through written analysis, live negotiation exercises, and reflective feedback, cadets build key competencies in communication, decision-making under pressure, and conflict resolution. The paper …

Language Alignment And Career Outcomes In International Military Education: A Study Of United States Military Academy Graduates, Erin Lemons

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Host country/sending country language alignment is an understudied topic within the field of international military education. While individual-level language barriers are recognized, this study asks how national-level language proficiency levels can influence international military graduates’ retention. International cadets from countries with lower proficiency in the host nation’s language may be selected primarily for their language skills rather than their military potential. Moreover, the acquisition of the host nation’s language and culture during international cadets’ studies may increase the attractiveness of private-sector opportunities upon their return home. At the same time, countries with lower proficiency levels in the host language may …

New Evidence Of Mid-Pleistocene Glaciations In The French Jura Mountains Using Debris Flow Deposits And U/Th Dating Of Speleothems (Verneau Karst Network), Margot Vivier, Stéphane Jaillet, Eglantine Husson, Edwige Pons Branchu, Jean-Baptiste Charlier

International Journal of Speleology

We redefine the extent of former glaciers in the northern Jura Mountains through the study of endokarst deposits. Sedimentary deposits (pebbly debris flows, laminated clays, and allochthonous limestone blocks) and chemical deposits (speleothems) were identified and studied using three complementary approaches: (i) detailed geomorphological mapping, (ii) petrographic analysis, and (iii) U/Th-dating. In addition, a surface geomorphological analysis made it possible to calculate the minimum erosion time required for the formation of the sinkhole linked to the underground study site. The study site is the Dolois Chamber, an underground site upstream of the Verneau karst network (Doubs Department, France). The combined …

In Extremis: An International Perspective On Military Leadership Training In Extreme Situations, Sarah Von Felten

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This comparative study explores how military leadership is developed and executed in extreme situations across diverse national contexts, including Switzerland, South Africa, India, Israel, and Canada. Each country adapts its leadership training and doctrine based on historical experiences, operational demands, and institutional culture. While some militaries, like Canada, emphasize values-based leadership aligned with democratic principles, others, such as India, prioritize cultural ethos and leading by example. Conscription-based systems like Israel’s and Switzerland`s rely heavily on early, experiential leadership, while professional forces like South Africa focus on psychological resilience and adaptability. Training approaches range from academic and doctrinal frameworks to immersive, …

Editor's Note, Leandrit Mehmeti

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This special issue of the Journal of Peace, Conflict and Security Studies (JPCSS) originates from the International Symposium of Military Academies (ISOMA) 2025, held in Prishtina, Kosovo, on November 11–13, 2025 and hosted by the Kosovo Defense Academy (KDA). The symposium convened scholars, military educators, policymakers, and practitioners from across the world to examine how military education can effectively adapt to the emerging demands and complexities of the twenty-first century. The overarching theme,“Adapting Military Education for 21st Century Challenges: Innovations in Teaching and Learning for Global Security”, encapsulates the necessity for transformation, interdisciplinary dialogue, and technological integration within modern defense …

Assessment Of The Conservation Status Of The Fuegian Steamer Duck Tachyeres Pteneres In Chile, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel, Gabriela Molina-Maldonado, Carlos Calvo-Mac, Nicole Delgado-Parada, Valeria Gómez-Silva, Elke Schüttler, Benjamín Santibáñez-Bórquez, Jaime R. Rau, Jaime A. Cursach

Marine Ornithology

The Fuegian Steamer Duck Tachyeres pteneres is endemic to the southern cone of South America. Though classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, it is categorized as Near Threatened by the Chilean Ministry of Environment. However, few studies have been conducted on this species, and large portions of its distribution remain unsurveyed. This lack of information hinders a full appreciation of the species' conservation status under the IUCN criteria. We therefore conducted extensive surveys along the southern coast of Chile. Between March 2021 and April 2023, we carried out visual censuses at …

Relationships Between Stable Isotopes And Mercury Contaminants In Feathers Of Black-Tailed Gull Larus Crassirostris, Yasuaki Niizuma

Marine Ornithology

The feathers of seabirds are widely used as appropriate indicators for various aspects of avian ecology and toxicology. To reveal total mercury (Hg) concentrations and the connection to diet using stable isotope analysis in Black-tailed Gulls Larus crassirostris, feathers were collected from 10 carcasses from the breeding colony on Kabushima Island during the incubation period in 2020. Total Hg concentrations in primary remiges were found to decrease during the molt sequence. The innermost primaries (P1), the first to be replaced after breeding, had the highest Hg concentrations of all feathers (7.73 ± 2.37 μg/g dry weight). The concentration of Hg …

Seasonal And Spatial Patterns Of Avian Assemblages In The Eastern Taiwan Strait: Implications For Offshore Wind Farm Development, Mei-Ling Bai, Chia-Hsiang Huang, Yu-Yi Lien

Marine Ornithology

The eastern Taiwan Strait, a region situated along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and currently undergoing rapid offshore wind energy development, remains poorly studied with respect to its seabird assemblages. Through intensive vessel-based transect surveys conducted between 2014 and 2021, this study documented 22,187 birds from 105 species across 10 orders and 29 families. Migratory non-seabirds accounted for 55.2% of individuals and dominated the species richness, highlighting the region's importance for migratory pathways. Seabird density was relatively low, however, consistent with trends in other tropical regions, and this pattern may also reflect both environmental degradation and methodological differences in density estimation. …

From Kerguelen To Brazil: Insights Into The Movement And Health Of A Threatened Seabird, The White-Chinned Petrel Procellaria Aequinoctialis, Daphne Wrobel Goldberg, Karine Delord, Gabriela Bezerra, Janaina Rocha Lorenço, Beatriz Souto De Freitas Vieira, Livia Ribeiro Saraiva, Célia Lesage, Christophe Barbraud, Caio Azevedo Marques, Tatiana Neves

Marine Ornithology

This study presents the case of a White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis that was tagged as a fledgling in April 2023 in the Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean, and subsequently rescued on the southeast coast of Brazil in July 2024. Upon recovery, the petrel displayed symptoms of exhaustion, malnutrition, and anemia, highlighting the substantial energy demands associated with its extensive journey of over 10,000 km. Rehabilitation efforts were successful, resulting in the bird's release after a month of intensive care, which involved nutritional support and monitoring of its health parameters. This case highlights the importance of long-term coastal and marine monitoring …

Population Survey Of Southern Buller’S Albatross Thalassarche Bulleri Bulleri On The Solander Islands / Hautere, March 2024, Peter G. H. Frost, Barry G. Baker, Johannes H. Fischer, Paul M. Sagar

Marine Ornithology

An aerial photographic survey of the Southern Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri bulleri population breeding on the Solander Islands / Hautere was undertaken on 09 March 2024, mid-way through the birds' incubation period. Overall, 6,761 individuals were counted: 6,215 (92%) on Great Solander and 546 (8%) on Little Solander. Of these, 4,213 were sitting on nests, 368 were partners to sitting birds, 573 were standing near empty nests, and 145 were apparently loafing. The status of the remaining 1,462 individuals (22% of the total) was uncertain. Assuming that their status was in the same proportions to those of the clearly observed …

Occurrence, Distribution, And Mortality Of Seabirds In South And Southeast Brazil, 2015–2019, Carla B. Barbosa, André M. Da Silva, Simone B. Leonardi, Tami A. Ballabio, Guilherme Fluckiger, Daniela F. Godoy, Henrique Chupil, Pedro V. Castilho, Karina R. Groch, Cristiane K. M. Kolesnikovas, Jeferson L. Dick, Marta J. Cremer, Camila Domit, Rodrigo R. Valle, Andrea Maranho, Mariana K. Britto, Hugo Gallo, André S. Barreto

Marine Ornithology

We compiled data on seabirds that use coastal and coastal/oceanic habitats, recorded alive and dead, during four years of beach monitoring in Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo states, along Brazil's south and southeast coast. This is a pioneering study, as no previous studies of this magnitude have been done in Brazil. Among the 26,900 individuals collected, 45 species were identified, distributed across four orders: Charadriiformes (29 species), Pelecaniformes (12 species), Sphenisciformes (one species), and Suliformes (three species). We determined maturity and sex for the five most abundant species: Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus, Brown Booby Sula …

Status Of Seabirds In Indonesian Waters, Muhammad Iqbal, Gusti Ayu Widayanti, Ina Aprillia, Diah Komala Sari, Nur Arifah

Marine Ornithology

We report the current status of seabirds in Indonesian waters, where a total of 74 species have been recorded. This includes nine species classified as threatened and 56 species protected under Indonesian law. The majority of seabird species in Indonesia are non-breeding visitors; only 16 have been recorded breeding in the region. Since the 2000s, several new species have been documented, including Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius, Lesser-backed Gull Larus fuscus, Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus, Beck's Petrel Pseudobulweria becki, Heinroth's Shearwater Puffinus heinrothi, Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistiagus, and Slender-billed Gull Chroicocephalus genei. While Indonesian waters encompass extensive and diverse seabird habitats, …

First Confirmed Record Of Common Murre Uria Aalge For The Mid-Atlantic Azores, Luís M. D. Barcelos, Rúben Coelho, João P. Barreiros

Marine Ornithology

On 06 December 2024, a Common Murre Uria aalge was photographed in Praia da Vitória fishing harbour, Terceira, Azores. This constitutes the first record for the archipelago, far from the species' usual nearshore range. The bird remained for several days; plumage features confirmed subspecies U. a. aalge. Alcidae are vagrants in the Azores, with the Little Auk Alle alle and Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica most often reported. This observation refines knowledge of seabird distribution and vagrancy in this mid-Atlantic oceanic archipelago.

Quantifying The Effect Of Time On Geolocation Accuracy In Seabirds, Sophie Bennett, Richard A. Phillips, Jonathan A. Green

Marine Ornithology

Light-based geolocation can be an effective tool for understanding movements and distributions of free-ranging seabirds, particularly during migrations and long-distance foraging trips. The light levels recorded by geolocators (global location sensors; GLS loggers) are used to infer latitude and longitude of individuals from day length and time of local midday relative to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), respectively. However, there is an associated inaccuracy in these location estimates, associated with both systematic and random error. Previous studies have quantified this error by calculating distances to locations over the same time period derived from more accurate devices such as satellite transmitters (platform …

California Brown Pelican Pelecanus Occidentalis Community Science Project: Potential For Population Monitoring, Deborah L. Jaques, Tamara M. Russell, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Anna Weinstein, Richard R. Veit, Daniel Orr, Michael W. Parker, Jim A. Howard, David M. Mazurkiewicz, Daniel W. Anderson, Yuliana Bedolla-Guzmán

Marine Ornithology

From 2016 to 2019, we monitored the distribution, abundance, and age structure of California Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis californicus at nearshore communal roosts along the U.S. West Coast. This effort used “snapshot” surveys during spring and fall, simultaneously engaging up to 111 “community science” participants, i.e., volunteers, on single dates. Volunteers surveyed up to 89 sites and found as many as 22,000 Brown Pelicans. We derived abundance and population structure indices from these data and sought relationships to annual breeding season metrics and large-scale oceanographic indices in the California Current System (CCS). The proportion of immature birds increased during the …

Behavioral Response Of Atlantic Puffins Fratercula Arctica To Marine Heatwaves In The Gulf Of Maine, Usa: A Webcam Study, Julie Wallace, Keenan Yakola, Stephen W. Kress, Donald E. Lyons

Marine Ornithology

We observed a family of Atlantic Puffins Fratercula arctica in a burrow on Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge in the Gulf of Maine, USA, during the 2017-2020 and 2022 breeding seasons. The burrow was equipped with a high-resolution web camera, which allowed 24-hour daily observations. We investigated the impacts of elevated sea surface temperature (SST) and marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are linked to low food availability, on chick provisioning and burrow attendance. In 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2022, the female was the primary provisioner, providing twice as many feedings as the male, and the male was the primary burrow guardian, …

Differing Sex-Related Arrival Of Red Phalaropes Phalaropus Fulicarius At Wintering Grounds In Chile, Yerko A. Vilina, Valeria Sabaj, Paola Sáez, Daniela Leiva-Calderón, Franco Cruz-Jofré

Marine Ornithology

Information is often sparse about whether sex affects arrival of long-distance migratory species at wintering grounds. In this paper we analyze the Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius, a species exhibiting sex-role reversal in its nesting patterns. Between September and December 2005, 166 individuals were found dead along the northern Chile coast, which borders the Humboldt Current. Each individual was tagged, and the date of finding was recorded. Nuclear DNA samples were obtained from 46 individuals and analyzed using a molecular sexing method. Results indicate that females arrived between September and early October, with males appearing in late October. On average, females …

Seabird Abundance Patterns Along A Sydney–Los Angeles Transect, Christopher D. Mcquaid

Marine Ornithology

Our understanding of seabird occurrence patterns is influenced by the fact that some parts of the ocean are less travelled than others, particularly in the centres of oceanic gyres. During the Transglobe Expedition, the M/V Benjamin Bowring undertook a 34-day crossing of the Pacific Ocean from Sydney to Los Angeles. During the crossing, three one-hour watches were conducted daily (morning, noon, and evening), during which all birds visible from the ship were counted and identified (when possible). Bird counts were extremely low in the central regions of the South and North Pacific gyres, in stark contrast to the elevated counts—by …

First Record Of Lesser Frigatebird Fregata Ariel From Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Matthias D. Dehling

Marine Ornithology

The Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel is widespread in the western and central tropical Pacific, where it breeds from Raine Island, Australia, in the west to the Tuamotu Archipelago in the east (Marchant & Higgins, 1990). The non-breeding range is larger, extending northwest to Japan and rarely Russia (Sibley & Clapp, 1967) and northeast, rarely, to the northwest Hawaiian Islands, USA (Pratt et al., 1987), and exceptionally as a vagrant to the continental United States (Howell et al., 2014).

Movements By An Adult Male Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata Magnificens Connect Protected Areas In Waters Off Northeastern South America, Lucas Penna Soares Santos, Cecília Licarião, Heideger Lima Do Nascimento, Ricardo Krul, Juliana Kleinsorge, Larissa Schmauder Teixeira Cunha, Patricia Pereira Serafini, Fábio Olmos

Marine Ornithology

No abstract provided.

Molecular Screening Of Avian Viruses And Parasites In Wedge-Tailed Shearwaters Ardenna Pacifica And Barau’S Petrels Pterodroma Baraui On Réunion Island, Camille Lebarbenchon, Celine Toty, Solenn Boucher, Audrey Jaeger, Matthieu Le Corre

Marine Ornithology

We investigated Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna pacifica and Barau's Petrel Pterodroma baraui exposure to infectious agents circulating in the western Indian Ocean. Using polymerase chain reaction and serological analyses, we screened for influenza viruses, flaviviruses, coronaviruses, and blood parasites (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium). No active infections were detected and serological results suggested limited past exposure, with only two Wedge-tailed Shearwaters testing positive for antibodies to the influenza A virus. These findings indicate the limited role of these species as epidemiological reservoirs. However, environmental factors such as tick infestations and isolated breeding habitats highlight the need for continued epidemiological monitoring to support …

What To Eat When Far From Home? A Vagrant Seabird Selects Novel But Analogous Prey, William L. Kennerley, Gemma V. Clucas, Donald E. Lyons, Keenan C. Yakola

Marine Ornithology

Vagrancy in birds is an important mechanism contributing to range expansion and the establishment of new breeding populations. However, research on the ecology of vagrant individuals has been limited. From 2005 to 2021, a Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus, far outside its usual range, was a summer resident at Seal Island, Maine, USA. In 2020 and 2021, we collected fecal samples from this individual and identified prey types consumed via DNA metabarcoding techniques, using 12S and 18S genes. We identified six fish species in the Red-billed Tropicbird fecal DNA samples, with Atlantic Saury Scomberesox saurus and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus contributing …

Breeding Phenology And Reproductive Success Of Larid Species Nesting In Cuba, Antonio Garcia-Quintas, Dennis Denis, Christophe Barbraud, Sophie Lanco

Marine Ornithology

Breeding phenology is a life history trait that influences reproductive success and population dynamics, yet it remains poorly studied in tropical seabird species. The Caribbean constitutes a breeding hotspot for seabirds, although information about their phenology and reproductive success is limited. We characterized the breeding phenology and reproductive success of seven larid species during the 2021 breeding season on three cays in Cuba. To document breeding phenological phases, we conducted weekly surveys and used camera traps. We also recorded the number of nests, eggs and fledglings. Overall, the breeding phenology of the studied species was seasonal and relatively synchronous, occurring …