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Modelling The Ecosystem Behavior Of Abu-Ziriq Marsh In South Of Iraq Under Different Water Discharges Scenarios, Fuaad Al-Yaseen, Mustafa Al-Mukhtar Aug 2026

Modelling The Ecosystem Behavior Of Abu-Ziriq Marsh In South Of Iraq Under Different Water Discharges Scenarios, Fuaad Al-Yaseen, Mustafa Al-Mukhtar

Engineering and Technology Journal

The marshlands are of fundamental importance to Iraq, a unique ecosystem providing local inhabitants with an essential source of habitat and livelihoods. This paper aims to study the ecosystem behavior of Abu-Ziriq Marsh in the south of Iraq under different scenarios using the Ecosystem Functions Model Program (HEC-EFM) and Hydrologic Engineering Center Data Storage System Visual Utility Engine (HEC-DSSVue). To this end, data was converted from tri-monthly and semi-monthly to daily data using the HEC-DSSVue program. The daily data natural(flow, stage) was used for five years between 2013 and 2018. The prediction process was evaluated using three criteria: correlation coefficient …

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Structural And Morphological Investigation Of Cr2o3/Wo3oxides Films Composite Using Modified Spray Pyrolysis Technique, Zena Salman, Farhad Othman, Alaa Abdul-Hamed Aug 2026

Structural And Morphological Investigation Of Cr2o3/Wo3oxides Films Composite Using Modified Spray Pyrolysis Technique, Zena Salman, Farhad Othman, Alaa Abdul-Hamed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Cr2O3/WO3 oxides film composite was successfully synthesized via advanced controlled chemical spray pyrolysis deposition technique using two nozzles. Two solutions of tungstic acid and chromium chloride was sprayed separately at various ratios of (W: Cr) at the same time on a silicon substrate at 500 °C, the film then heat-treated at 400 °C for the 60s. The crystal structure, microstructure and morphology properties of prepared films were studied. Based on characterization techniques, crystallized Cr2O3/WO3 mixed oxides films were investigated by X-ray diffraction after the annealing process, with film thickness of about 500 nm. The SEM and AFM revealed that rough …

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Hydraulic Analysis Of Irrigation Network For The Proposed Taq-Taq Dam Using Epanet Software, Ibtisam Karim, Sarmad Sahib Aug 2026

Hydraulic Analysis Of Irrigation Network For The Proposed Taq-Taq Dam Using Epanet Software, Ibtisam Karim, Sarmad Sahib

Engineering and Technology Journal

Analysis of pipe network is the fluid flow through hydraulics network containing inters connected branches, whose aim is to determine the pressure drops and flow rates in the individual parts of the network. In the study using specialized software such as EPANET for automatically solving problems of network. The main objective of this study is to analysis the irrigation network of the proposed Taq-Taq dam using hydraulic simulation software, in order to study the distribution of pressure, velocity and head on the pipe network for the purpose of ensuring the operation of the network efficiently and improve quantity and quality …

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Survey Of User To User Recommendation System In Online Social Networks, Sammer Qader, Ayad Abbas Aug 2026

Survey Of User To User Recommendation System In Online Social Networks, Sammer Qader, Ayad Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The widespread use of online social networks (OSN) and their applications by users lead to the lack of knowledge identification of their needs across the vast amount of data, which made the need to create systems that help people to solve the problems and make decisions with more accuracy, an example of these systems is the Recommendation system (RS), which helps users to make decision and save time in search on a commercial or personal level, one of the most critical types of recommendation systems is the friends recommendation system (FRS) . In this survey, several studies have been suggested …

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Experimental Investigation Of Sub-Cooled Flow Boiling In Metallic Microchannel, Suha Mohammed, Ekhlas Fayyadh Aug 2026

Experimental Investigation Of Sub-Cooled Flow Boiling In Metallic Microchannel, Suha Mohammed, Ekhlas Fayyadh

Engineering and Technology Journal

Experiments in microchannel heat sink were carried that examine the deionized water two-phase boiling heat transfer. The heat sink consisted of a single microchannel having 300μm wide nominal dimensions and 300μm height (hydraulic diameter of 300μm). The heat sink formed of oxygen-free copper with 72mm length and 12mm width. Experimental operation conditions spanned the heat flux (78-800) kW/m2, mass flux (1700 and 2100) kg/m2.s at 31K subcooled inlet temperature. The boiling heat transfer coefficient is measured, and compared with existing correlations. The results show that higher mass flux leads to a higher boiling heat transfer coefficient and the dominants mechanism …

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Design And Control Of A Full-Scale Quarter Car Test Rig For Semi-Active Suspension System, Bahaa-Aldin Abdullah, Mohsin Hamzah, Ammar Merza Aug 2026

Design And Control Of A Full-Scale Quarter Car Test Rig For Semi-Active Suspension System, Bahaa-Aldin Abdullah, Mohsin Hamzah, Ammar Merza

Engineering and Technology Journal

Passive hydraulic dampers are commonly used in the automotive suspension system. Nevertheless, they are suffering from a significant drawback owing to the changing of its characteristics at high-frequency; as a result, decreasing the ride quality due to the increase of the transmitted force, especially at high frequency excitations. The present work developed a semi-active suspension system to solve this problem with its effect. A Sky-hook control strategy is used to suppress the positional oscillation of the sprung mass in the presence of road irregularities via the use of the electrohydraulic (EH) damper, as an objective. In order to apply the …

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Effect Of Laser Peening On The Microhardness And Roughness Of Al-7277 Alloy, Mays Hashim, Abdul Hadi Judran, Razi Al Azawi Aug 2026

Effect Of Laser Peening On The Microhardness And Roughness Of Al-7277 Alloy, Mays Hashim, Abdul Hadi Judran, Razi Al Azawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The purpose of the study conducted was an analysis of the influence of pulse density per area unit of LSP on (7277AL Alloy) regarding the surface characterization, roughness achieved and microhardness. The samples, which were used in this investigation, are 7277Al Alloy. Specify the laser parameter used in this study effect on sample surface properties were studied. Such as laser energy, and laser pulses number the results reveal that the microhardness enhancement by 80%, while the surface roughness increased by 69% when laser energy of 360mj and the number of laser pulses of 100 pulse were applied. X-ray fluorescence analyses …

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The Air Bubbles Effect For Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Using 650 Nm Wavelength, Salah Adnan, Mazin Ali, Fatima Hakwar Aug 2026

The Air Bubbles Effect For Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Using 650 Nm Wavelength, Salah Adnan, Mazin Ali, Fatima Hakwar

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, texts were sent by pulse width modulation(PWM) in the channel of clean water usingArduino hardware and software for an underwater wireless opticalcommunication system (UWOC). The air bubbles device utilized thedisturbance at different distances from the transmitter source within thechannel of clean water. The total length of the channel is (1) m. In thisstudy, the source of transmitter wavelengths 650 nm was used with thepower of 80mw. The results showed that the received power was 32 mWin the clean water, while when air bubbles pump within the channel ofclean water at 0.2m, 0.5m and 0.8m away from the …

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An Overview On Most Effective Dras In Crude Oil Pipelines, Raheeq Ibrahim, Manal Odah, Dhoha Shafeeq Aug 2026

An Overview On Most Effective Dras In Crude Oil Pipelines, Raheeq Ibrahim, Manal Odah, Dhoha Shafeeq

Engineering and Technology Journal

The flow of crude oil in pipelines suffers from a problem of fluid flow pressure drop and high-energy consumption for pumping especially in low temperatures environment. Flow can be enhanced using viscosity either reduction or drag reduction techniques. Drag reduction is considered as the most effective and most applicable method. The technique contributes in reducing the frictional energy losses during the flow by addition of little doses of materials knowing as drag-reducing agents. The present work focuses on more recent and most applicable drag-reducing agents used in crude oil flow enhancement via pipelines.

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Investigation The Morphological Characteristics Of The Particulate Matter Emissions From The Oxygenated Fuels Combustion In Diesel Engines, Mohammed Fayad, Bashar Al-Ogaidi Aug 2026

Investigation The Morphological Characteristics Of The Particulate Matter Emissions From The Oxygenated Fuels Combustion In Diesel Engines, Mohammed Fayad, Bashar Al-Ogaidi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Understanding the size and morphological properties of particulate matter (PM) is essential to improve analysis of the process of PM formation in diesel engines. These will help to reduce undesirable environmental impact and health effects. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the changes in size characteristics of PM/soot and soot reactivity. Furthermore, improve the oxidation of soot particles in diesel engines is necessary under the range of different fuel combustions. Oxygenated fuels (e.g., ethanol blend, E10 and butanol blend, B16) were used in this experimental study to show how insignificant changes …

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A Compact Single-Feed Patch Antenna With Frequency And Polarization Diversity, Fayyadh Ahmed Aug 2026

A Compact Single-Feed Patch Antenna With Frequency And Polarization Diversity, Fayyadh Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

A new compact single feed square ring patch antenna using meandered 4λ transformer is designed, for frequency and polarization diversity. The proposed antenna is constructed from a square ring patch antenna, and two orthogonal meandered cascaded 4λ transformer (OMCT), incorporated with six switches for frequency and polarization reconfiguration purposes. The OMCT with switches is necessary to get good impedance bandwidth (BW) and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) for circular polarization state. In addition, it utilized to excite the antenna at two orthogonal locations, with equal magnitude and quadratic in phase, for achieving circular polarization mode at resonant frequencies 2.44GHz, 4.7GHz, and …

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Recycling Of Waste Paraffin Wax By The Addition Of Sio2 Nano-Powders To Improve Thermal Conductivity, Aseel Al-Zubaidi Aug 2026

Recycling Of Waste Paraffin Wax By The Addition Of Sio2 Nano-Powders To Improve Thermal Conductivity, Aseel Al-Zubaidi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Paraffin wax is an important material used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The thermal conductivity of the material is an important parameter that decides the degree of exploitation of the paraffin wax in TES systems. The thermal conductivity is improved by the addition of silicon oxide nanoparticles (1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) to the paraffin wax. The average size of the SiO2 particles is equal to 38 nm. The addition of SiO2 nano-particles at very small ratios was found to enhance the thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax considerably. SiO2 nanoparticles, add to paraffin wax, have a significant effect …

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Point Cloud Pre-Processing And Surface Reconstruction Based On Chord Algorithm Technique, Ali Al-Badairy, Ahmed Al-Duroobi, Maan Tawfiq Aug 2026

Point Cloud Pre-Processing And Surface Reconstruction Based On Chord Algorithm Technique, Ali Al-Badairy, Ahmed Al-Duroobi, Maan Tawfiq

Engineering and Technology Journal

3D laser scanner is one of the modern technologies, which used to obtain the geometric information about the 3D scanned object surface. But, there are some problems that are associated with this technique such as the huge number of obtained points which require high memory to save and the required data processing processes. This paper proposed a data simplification algorithm for point cloud of a scanned object using 3D laser scanner (Matterand Form) in a manner to extract the necessary geometric features, which arerepresented by points for a 3D object. This algorithm based on theinstantaneous calculation of chord height of …

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Smoothing Smartphone Gps Raw Measurements, Tariq Ataiwe, Abbas Khalaf, Israa Mohammed Aug 2026

Smoothing Smartphone Gps Raw Measurements, Tariq Ataiwe, Abbas Khalaf, Israa Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This  research aims  to  investigate  the  smoothing  of  the  pseudo-range raw  measurements  of  the  smartphone  using  a  Hatch  filter.  The  measurements  of  smartphones  suffer  from  high  noise  generated  from  low-cost  antennas  and  oscillators, which are designed to work in a certain way. These types of low-cost antennas  and  oscillators  are  entirely different  from  geodetic  instruments,  which  are  designed  for  high  accuracy  positioning.  The  GPS  measurement  data  were  collected   using   a   Huawei   P10   device,   41   minutes   and   24   seconds   GPS   observation  time  with  sampling  intervals  of  1  second  using  Geo++  Android  application.  The  GPS  measurements  are  processed  using  standalone  (epoch  by …

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Complex Surface Representation And Machining Time Estimation Upon Three Types Of End Mill Cutter, Rasha Marzoog, Ahmed A. Alduroobi Alduroobi, Sawsan Al-Zubaidy Aug 2026

Complex Surface Representation And Machining Time Estimation Upon Three Types Of End Mill Cutter, Rasha Marzoog, Ahmed A. Alduroobi Alduroobi, Sawsan Al-Zubaidy

Engineering and Technology Journal

The accuracy of data transition between CAD and CAM has been playing a great role in the product life cycle, and eventually, the product quality. As products complexity increased, the need to robust technique to data transition increased. On the other hand, Machining simulation facilitates deciding the process parameters. The aim of the present research is divided into two aims: first: building a free form surface and transforming its data accurately from CAD to CAM without any distortion. Second: study the milling process using different end cutters geometry and make a comparison between those in terms of machining time at …

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Vacuum Effect On The Performance Of Solar Air Collector With Micro-Channel Absorber Plate, Jalal Jalil, Nashwa A.Abdulkadhim Abdulkadhim Aug 2026

Vacuum Effect On The Performance Of Solar Air Collector With Micro-Channel Absorber Plate, Jalal Jalil, Nashwa A.Abdulkadhim Abdulkadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, the effect of vacuum with micro-channel techniqueon solar air collector performance is investigated experimentally. Vacuumspace reduces the loss of heat for the absorption plate by conduction andthus improves the solar collector performance. It has been demonstratedthat the solar collector is evacuated to 0.1 bar of pressure for absorber-tocover spacing of 4cm. An absorber plate was manufactured from Aluminummetal with 30 rectangular micro-channels (length 0.9, width 0.004, height0.0008 m) is constructed with measurements facilities of velocity,temperature and differential pressure. The tests are carried out indoor usingsolar simulator. Results showed that the performance of solar collectorincreases with vacuum about …

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Effect Of Potassium Chloride And Potassium Sulphate Electrolyte Solutionon Surface Roughnessand Material Removal Rate In Electro Chemical Machining (Ecm), Heba Qasim, Shukry Aghdeab Aug 2026

Effect Of Potassium Chloride And Potassium Sulphate Electrolyte Solutionon Surface Roughnessand Material Removal Rate In Electro Chemical Machining (Ecm), Heba Qasim, Shukry Aghdeab

Engineering and Technology Journal

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is nontraditional machiningwhich is used to remove metal by anodic dissolution. In this study themetal workpiece (WP) was stainless steel (AISI 316) and potassiumchloride (KCl) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) solutions were used aselectrolyte, and the tool was used from copper. In this work theexperimental parameters that used were concentration of solution,current and voltage as input. While surface roughness (Ra) and materialremoval rate (MRR) were the output. The experiments on electrochemicalmachining with using concentration (10, 20 and 30) g/l, current (2, 5 and10) A and voltage (6, 12 and 20)V. Gap size between tool and WP (0.5)mm. The …

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Effect Of Radial Clearance On Stress And Strain Distribution In The Astral Deep Drawing, Waleed Jawad, Ali Ikal Aug 2026

Effect Of Radial Clearance On Stress And Strain Distribution In The Astral Deep Drawing, Waleed Jawad, Ali Ikal

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, an astral die was designed and constructed to produce anastral cup in the deep drawing operation by experimental work and numericalsimulation. The influence of radial clearance on drawing load, cup high, thedistribution of stress, strain and thickness along the side wall, minor and majoraxis were also studied. The deep drawing process was carried out to produce anastral cup with an inner dimension of (41.5mm × 34.69mm), and (30mm) heightdrawn from a blank sheet with a thickness of (0.7) and diameter (80) made of lowcarbon steel. A commercial program (ANSYS18.0) was used to perform thenumerical simulation. Three types …

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A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection And Isolationsystem For Dc Motor Of Robot Manipulator, Arkan Jassim, Abbas Issa, Qusay Jawad Aug 2026

A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection And Isolationsystem For Dc Motor Of Robot Manipulator, Arkan Jassim, Abbas Issa, Qusay Jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the detecting and isolating fault that occurs in (actuator and sensor) in robot manipulator, which is used as a mathematical model were proposed for fault detection, where the neural network was used to detect the fault. The neural network was trained on the data set obtained from the Input/output on the (DC motor).The output of the sensor or actuator was compared with the output of the model (neural network) after that the residual signal is used to detect the fault. The fuzzy logic circuit was used for fault isolation that is depending on the residual signal from …

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Characteristics Of Artificial, Gypsified And Natural Gypseous Soils Under Dry Condition, Wisam Yaqoob, Falah Rahil, Moammed Al-Neami Aug 2026

Characteristics Of Artificial, Gypsified And Natural Gypseous Soils Under Dry Condition, Wisam Yaqoob, Falah Rahil, Moammed Al-Neami

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gypseous soil characteristics were studied types many researchers, but the bearing capacity of sandy gypseous soil with different preparing of the soil models were tested in dry condition under static and cyclic loads in this study, three types of gypseous soils are prepared (artificial, gypsified and natural gypseous soils). The laboratory tests were needed to evaluate geotechnical soil properties. The main objective of this study is testing of the soil models in dry condition for measuring earth pressures with displacements of the soil models under monotonic and repeated loads within relatively large manufactured physical model. The results found that the …

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A Cooperation Of Fog Computing And Smart Gateways In A Secure And Efficient Architecture For Iot-Based Smart Homes, Amin Seno, Sahar Alshammari Aug 2026

A Cooperation Of Fog Computing And Smart Gateways In A Secure And Efficient Architecture For Iot-Based Smart Homes, Amin Seno, Sahar Alshammari

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) is growing to be a serious factor in numerous areas of our daily life style. Internet of Things brings different opportunities of intelligence to important aspects such as health, payments, energy management, industrial sectors, transportation and also many other specialties. It is important to notice that the interaction between these two part the embedded equipment and Cloud based web services is such a common or prevalent scenario of Internet of Things deployment. When it comes to the security point of view, jointly users (consumer) and smart devices need to reassure and establish a secure and …

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Gait Analysis Before And After Total Knee Replacement, Sadiq Hamandi, Safa’A Al-Hussainy, Summer Sabeeh Aug 2026

Gait Analysis Before And After Total Knee Replacement, Sadiq Hamandi, Safa’A Al-Hussainy, Summer Sabeeh

Engineering and Technology Journal

Total knee replacement is a surgical procedure for treatment of knee Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and posttraumatic arthritis. The main goals of TKR are relieve the pain, restore function, mobility and restore normal limb alignment for the patients. The aim of the study to investigate the gait dynamic improvements following TKR surgery by compare the dynamic parameter pre-operative and post-operative and then comparing the results with the normal gait parameters. The gait analysis was performed on five patients before and after they underwent unilateral TKR surgery. After three months from the total knee replacement there was a remarked increase in the …

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Study The Behavior Of High Performance Concrete Circular Short Columns Confined By Cfrp, Asmaa Ahmed, Shatha Hasan, Ali Khalaf Aug 2026

Study The Behavior Of High Performance Concrete Circular Short Columns Confined By Cfrp, Asmaa Ahmed, Shatha Hasan, Ali Khalaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents the results of experimental study on reinforced concrete columns rehabilitation with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under concentrated load. Twelve short circular reinforced concrete columns (150 mm diameter and 600 mm height) were tested. Three specimens were unstrengthening and tested until failure as control specimens. Nine specimens were rehabilitation by carbon fiber reinforced polymer after loading about 75% from ultimate axial load capacity of control specimens. The test parameters were the type of concrete are normal strength concrete (NSC), high performance concrete (HPC) and high performance concrete containing engine oil (HPCEO) in additional to effective the ratio …

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Zoning Areas Susceptible To Land Subsidence In Tigris And Euphrates Basins, Ali Boloorani, Masoud Soleimani, Ramin Papi, Seyed Alavipanah Alavipanah, Ayad Fadhil Al-Quraishi Aug 2026

Zoning Areas Susceptible To Land Subsidence In Tigris And Euphrates Basins, Ali Boloorani, Masoud Soleimani, Ramin Papi, Seyed Alavipanah Alavipanah, Ayad Fadhil Al-Quraishi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Land Subsidence is considered as one of the riskiest hazards in nature and geology. It may be caused by human activities including but not limited to long-term depletion of water, petroleum, and gas from underground reservoirs. Monitoring and zoning of regions susceptible to land-subsidence within Tigris and Euphrates rivers basin can play a major role in predicting and preventing damages from subsidence and can aid in better planning for utilizing its water resources. Accordingly, this study proposed to employ 9 effective parameters on subsidence including: precipitation, total water underground changes, elevation, slope, population, land use, distance from petroleum and gas …

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Assessing Water Quality For Al-Diwaniyah River, Iraq Using Gis Technique, Khalid Hussein, Sataa Al-Bayati, Salih A.A. Al-Bakri Al-Bakri Aug 2026

Assessing Water Quality For Al-Diwaniyah River, Iraq Using Gis Technique, Khalid Hussein, Sataa Al-Bayati, Salih A.A. Al-Bakri Al-Bakri

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this  study,  Al-Diwaniyah  River  within  Al-Diwaniyah  Governorate was monitored for a set of chemical, physical,and bacteriological parameters for the assessment of water quality during January to July 2018. Water quality maps for  this  river  were  plotted  torepresent  the  change  in  each  parameter  during  the study  period  using  GIS  program.  Three  sampling  stations  along  the  river  and eighteen parameters were selected: air temperature, water temperature, turbidity, pH  value,  electrical  conductivity  (EC),  biochemical  oxygen  demand  (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, chloride, Sulfate, total suspended solids (TSS), total  dissolved  solids  (TDS),  calcium,  magnesium,  total  hardness,  lead,  total coliform,and  Escherichia  coli  bacteria.  The …

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Torsional Behavior Of Solid And Hollow Core Self Compacting Concrete Beams Reinforced With Steel Fibers, Tareq Al-Attar, Sarmad Abdul Qader, Hind Hussain Aug 2026

Torsional Behavior Of Solid And Hollow Core Self Compacting Concrete Beams Reinforced With Steel Fibers, Tareq Al-Attar, Sarmad Abdul Qader, Hind Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

Torsion of structural members and the behavior of steel fiber self- compacting reinforced concrete became the area of interest for many researchers nowadays. The experimental program of the present work consists of casting nine reinforced self-compacting concrete beams in three groups. Each group consists of three beams with the dimensions of 200×300×1500 mm. The first beam has a solid cross-section, the second beam has a hollow core with the dimensions of 60×120×1500mm and the last beam has a hollow core with the dimensions of 80×180×1500mm. The steel fiber contents were 0, 0.5 and 1.0 % by volume for first, second …

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Enhanced Solution Of Inverse Kinematics For Redundant Robot Manipulator Using Pso, Hind Khaleel Aug 2026

Enhanced Solution Of Inverse Kinematics For Redundant Robot Manipulator Using Pso, Hind Khaleel

Engineering and Technology Journal

Kinematics of the robot is divided into two parts: the forwardkinematics, which evaluates the end-effector’s position from joint angles, and theinverse kinematics, which demonstrates the joint angles from the end-effector'sposition. The solution of the inverse kinematics problem is too difficult andcomplicated for the redundant robot arm manipulator. A Particle SwarmOptimization (PSO) algorithm is an effective method to solve global optimizationproblems. This paper presents the solution of inverse kinematics problem of athree-link redundant manipulator robot arm using PSO without using the inversekinematics equations. The circle, square and triangle generated trajectories usingPSO are enhanced as compared with the trajectories of other works. …

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Investigation Of External And Internal Inversion For Aluminum Tube With Various Die Parameters Effect, Basim Fadhil, Ava Kamal Aug 2026

Investigation Of External And Internal Inversion For Aluminum Tube With Various Die Parameters Effect, Basim Fadhil, Ava Kamal

Engineering and Technology Journal

Finite element modeling has been conducted to investigate theeffect of die radius fillet, tube wall thickness, and friction coefficient on bothexternal and internal inversion forthealuminum tube. A 3D model was usedto build the contact pair for the aluminum tube and the steeldie. Due to theaxial symmetry, a 45osector for the contact pair has been chosen. It has beenfound that there is an important role for those parameters to govern theinversion process and the mode of deformation beside the value of theapplied force. No local buckling was seen in the external inversion incontrast with internal inversion. A good correlation for current …

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Using Microbial Desalination Cell To Treat Iraqi Wastewater, Talib Abbas, Majid Dixon, Mustafa Al-Furaiji Aug 2026

Using Microbial Desalination Cell To Treat Iraqi Wastewater, Talib Abbas, Majid Dixon, Mustafa Al-Furaiji

Engineering and Technology Journal

A Three-chambers MDC was made using three identical cubicalplexi-glass sections. Each chamber has an effective volume of 35 cm3. An anionexchange membrane (AEM) was used to separate the anode from thedesalination chambers while a cation exchange membrane (CEM) was used toseparate the cathode from the desalination chambers. Two graphite sheets wereused as anode and cathode electrodes. Biotic experiments have included aircathode MDC fed with synthetic municipal wastewater, Bio-cathode MDC inwhich the cathode chamber was inoculated with microalgae as an oxygensource and air-cathode MDC was fed with floated oil layer in the anodechamber as an organic source. Maximum power density obtained …

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Monitoring Of Agricultural Drought In The Middle Euphrates Area, Iraqusing Landsat Dataset, Imzahim Alwan, Abdul Razzak Ziboon, Alaa Khalaf Aug 2026

Monitoring Of Agricultural Drought In The Middle Euphrates Area, Iraqusing Landsat Dataset, Imzahim Alwan, Abdul Razzak Ziboon, Alaa Khalaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study was conducted to monitor the agricultural drought inthe Middle Euphrates area, Iraq during the period from 1988 to 2018.Multispectral Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI images were used. The imagesdated 1988, 1993, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2018, which obtained duringgrowth months of plants (January, February, March, November, andDecember).A computerized drought monitoring was adopted using ERDASImagine 2015, ENVI 3.2, and ArcGIS 10.5 environments to process andanalysis the data. The spectral indices, which used in this study were: TheNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation ConditionIndex (VCI). The change analysis presented in this study is based on thestatistics extracted from the …

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