Digital Commons Network^™

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Multitask Framework For Dental Detection And Root Canal Filling Assessment On Periapical Radiographs, Chia-Lin Hsu, Li Wei Ou-Yang, Chih-Hao Chang, Yuan-Jin Lin, Po-Lin Huang, Kai-Syun Chiu, Heng-Chia Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen, Jia-Ching Wang, Wei-Chen Tu, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Accurate evaluation of root canal filling (RCF) quality is paramount for successful endodontic outcomes. However, conventional radiographic interpretation is often subject to subjective variability. This study developed an automated, multitask artificial intelligence (AI) framework using YOLO11 and advanced image pre-processing to identify multiple dental structures and provide quantitative assessments of RCF quality on periapical radiographs.

Materials and methods: We proposed an image enhancement pipeline, which integrate intensity normalization, white top-hat transform, and linear contrast stretching to refine dental contours for training the YOLO11 multitask model. The framework simultaneously detected primary, permanent, dental crowns, and RCFs. Quantitative metrics, including …

Optimizing Light-Curing Protocols For Clear Aligner Attachments: A Comparison Of Bulk-Fill And Conventional Resin Composites, Narudol Treethanya, Nuntinee Nanthavanich Saengfai, Choltacha Harnirattisai, Pongstorn Putongkam, Chia-Tze Kao, Peerapong Santiwong

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: The durability of clear aligner attachments is closely related to the polymerization and surface hardness of resin composites, which may be affected by extended light-curing distance during clinical procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different light-curing times at a 10 mm distance on the surface hardness and polymerization efficiency of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens (5 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from six resin composites (two conventional and four bulk-fill). Specimens were light-cured for 20, 30, or 40 seconds using a low-intensity LED curing …

The Bridge To Practice: A Regulatory Analysis Of Pre-Licensure Dental Training In Taiwan, Wei-Chia Su, Hsin-Hu Chen, Ching-Yu Yen, Hsun-Yu Liu, Yuan-Der Huang, Jian-Hong Yu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Pre-licensure dental clinical training in Taiwan is commonly viewed as an educational issue, yet it is also shaped by regulation. Eligibility for the dentist licensing examination still requires graduation, completion of internship, and possession of a diploma, whereas lawful practice requires separate practice registration and a practice license. This study examined whether the current training framework is aligned with the legal status and clinical responsibility assigned to dental students.

Materials and methods: A qualitative regulatory analysis was conducted using current official legal and policy documents in Taiwan, including the Physicians Act, the Medical Care Act, staged examination rules, the …

Active Learning-Assisted Deep Learning For Automated Maxillary Sinus Segmentation In Dental Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Hsuan Chen, Khoa Dang Nguyen, Chih-Ling Chang, Hong Thi-Phuong Doan, Ya-Chu Chang, Thantrira Porntaveetus, Guang Hong, Wen-Liang Lo, Ding-Han Wang, Ming-Lun Hsu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Accurate automated segmentation of the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is crucial for dental implant planning, sinus lift procedures, and pathological assessment, yet there remains a notable lack of publicly available models and datasets for this task. This study developed and evaluated a deep learning model for automated maxillary sinus segmentation using an active learning approach to minimize annotation effort while achieving high accuracy.

Materials and methods: We utilized 249 CBCT scans from the publicly available CTooth+ and STS-Tooth datasets. Ground truth annotations were generated through semi-automated segmentation in 3D Slicer with validation by five expert …

Do Anatomy, Physiology And Biochemistry Subject Scores Predict Future Academic Performance? A Longitudinal Analysis Of Undergraduate Dental Students Across All Professional Years., Shahid Akhtar Akhund, Hassan Shaibah

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Basic sciences subjects including anatomy, physiology and biochemistry form the foundation of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) programme. However, empirical evidence linking the basic science academic performance to sustained academic achievement across subsequent clinical years remains limited. This is true for low and medium sized economies like Pakistan.

Materials and methods: A retrospective, quantitative, and longitudinal cohort study was conducted.  The deidentified data from a representative dental college was used. Basic science examination scores from the 1^st professional year examination served as predictor variables. The examination scores across 14 subjects served as outcome variables. Pearson product-moment correlations …

Deer Antler Tip Cell Culture Supernatant Restores Endothelial Barrier Function And Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Nitric Oxide Signaling Impaired By Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide, Ming-Shou Hsieh, Ya-Ting Yang, Chin-Sheng Huang, Ting-Yi Renn, Chuen-Kai Wang, Chia-Chen Hsu, Wei Jen Chang, Yu-Sheng Chang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose:

Periodontal inflammation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, but effective biologically active strategies for vascular protection remain limited. This study investigated whether deer antler tip cell culture supernatant could rescue Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) induced endothelial injury and restore endothelial homeostasis.

Materials and methods:

Velvet antler tissues from the tip, shaft, and burr regions were examined histologically and used for primary cell isolation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to Pg-LPS or indirectly co-cultured with LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. Deer antler tip cell culture supernatant was subsequently applied to these endothelial inflammatory models, and its protective effects were …

Heat Shock Factor 1 Promotes Cell Migration And Predicts Poor Prognosis In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Fang-Yu Wu, Hui-Hsin Ko, Wen-Ren Lin, Shih-Jung Cheng

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulates heat shock proteins and stress-responsive genes and has been implicated in tumor progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies. However, the clinicopathological significance and biological role of HSF1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. This study investigated HSF1 expression in OSCC tissues, its association with clinicopathological parameters and survival, and its functional role in OSCC cell migration.

Materials and methods

HSF1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in 80 OSCC specimens and 20 normal oral mucosa samples. HSF1 immunoreactivity was quantified using the labeling index (LI). Associations between HSF1 LI and …

Evaluation Of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Rag) With Gpt-4o For Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Clinical Questions, Vinsensia Launardo, Merve Koseoglu, Lucky Susanto, Michael Kase, Amanda Colebeck, Heidi Huber, Maribeth Krzesinski, Derry Wijaya, Muhammad Ruslin, Alvin Gerard Wee, Heng-Li Huang, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Cortino Sukotjo

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Large language models (LLMs) offer promising education and clinical decision support to help address the global shortage of maxillofacial prosthodontists. To overcome the lack of source traceability in base LLMs, this study evaluated a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture for answering complex clinical questions.

Materials and methods: An expert panel consisting of five maxillofacial prosthodontists selected 15 high-complexity clinical questions. Responses were generated using base GPT-4o and a naive RAG-GPT-4o model built with domain-specific literatures. Outputs were evaluated across five parameters using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed via Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: No statistically significant differences …

Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Transcriptionally Represses Sirtuin 1 To Regulate Osteoclastogenesis And Tooth Eruption, Jie Li, Changqing Yan, Xinyi Sun, Chenying Zhang, Xiaozhe Wang, Yang Liu, Shuguo Zheng

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), caused by Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) haploinsufficiency, features delayed tooth eruption. Although impaired osteoclastogenesis contributes to eruption failure, the direct molecular mechanisms linking RUNX2 deficiency to osteoclast dysfunction remain elusive. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a critical regulator of osteoclastogenesis; however, whether it serves as a downstream effector of RUNX2 remains unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic link between RUNX2 and SIRT1 in regulating osteoclast differentiation and tooth eruption.

Materials and methods: Tooth eruption and osteoclast differentiation were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis in Runx2^+/- mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain …

Prediction Of Adequate Alveolar Ridge Contours For Dental Implant Placement Using An Artificial Intelligence-Based Algorithm, Hao-Chieh Chang, Shan-Pin Pan, Cheng-Liang Wu, Wei-Chan Hsu, Yi-Chun Weng, Po-Chun Chang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Accurate prediction of ridge contour following ridge augmentation is an integral part of planning dental implant therapy. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm to predict adequate alveolar ridge contours for accommodating implants based on preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using a deep learning (DL) approach.

Materials and methods: A total of 96 mandibular CBCT images with minor and major defects were used, virtual implants with adequate ridge contours were added, and a U-Net 2.5D model was used for DL training.

Results: The results revealed that the predicted ridge contours achieved Dice Similarity Coefficients of …

Biological Performance Enhancement Of Ni-Free Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass For Dental Implants Via Nitrogen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation, Hsun-Miao Huang, Ying-Sui Sun, Ya-Lin Huang, Kai-Yi Lin, Thantrira Porntaveetus, Thanaphum Osathanon, Wei-Cheng Chen, Her-Hsiung Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Improving the biocompatibility of bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloys is critical for expanding their applications in biomedical fields, particularly in dental implants. This study systematically investigated the suitability of nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (NPIII)-treated Zr-based BMG alloy for next-generation dental implant applications, focusing on protein adsorption, platelet responses, and cell behavior.

Materials and methods: NPIII was employed as a surface modification approach to enhance the biological performance of a Ni-free Zr₆₂.₅Cu₂₂.₅Fe₅Al₁₀ BMG alloy. The effects of NPIII treatment on surface characteristics, including crystallinity, chemical composition, layer thickness, roughness, and hydrophilicity, were comprehensively analyzed. Protein adsorption …

Prognostic Impact Of The Preoperative Naples Prognostic Score On Overall And Progression-Free Survival In Surgically Treated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study From A Taiwanese Medical Center, Pei-Lun Hsueh, Yu-Hsuan Li, Cheng-Yu Yang, Gu-Jiun Lin, Yuan-Wu Chen, Wei-Chin Chang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Systemic inflammation and nutritional status are key determinants of cancer progression and survival. The Naples prognostic score (NPS), integrating nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers, has shown prognostic value in cancers, however its significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic value of NPS in patients with OSCC undergoing curative surgery. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included 334 patients with OSCC who underwent surgery at a Taiwanese medical center between 2002 and 2015. Preoperative serum albumin, total cholesterol, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio were used to calculate NPS. Patients were categorized …

Correlation Between Preoperative Mandibular Restriction And Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Discopexy For Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement, Yen-Hung Lin Arthur, Chih-Hua Yeh, Ying-An Chen, Hui-Hsin Ko

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Arthroscopic discopexy is an established treatment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement, yet its functional benefit in patients with restricted mouth opening remains unclear. This study evaluate whether arthroscopic discopexy improves mouth opening and pain in patients with restricted mandibular mobility (maximum mouth opening [MMO] < 35 mm).

Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 46 patients (58 joints) with preoperative MMO < 35 mm who underwent TMJ arthroscopic discopexy between January 2023 and December 2024. MMO, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, and MRI-confirmed disc repositioning success were compared preo- and postoperatively using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. MMO improvement was analyzed by severity band with multiple linear regression to assess confounders and sensitivity analysis excluding bilateral cases.

Results: MMO increased from 28.7 ± 4.1 mm to 34.2 ± 3.9 mm (P < 0.001), with a mean improvement of +5.5 mm (95% CI: +4.2 to +6.8). VAS decreased from 3.81 ± 2.93 to 0.18 ± 0.89 (P < 0.001). A dose–response relationship was observed: patients with MMO 20–24 mm gained +11.0 mm, those with 25–29 mm gained +7.5 mm, and those with 30–34 mm gained +2.7 mm. Preoperative MMO remained the only significant predictor after adjusting for confounders (B = −0.812, P < 0.001). Disc repositioning was achieved in 75.9% of joints; 55.2% achieved postoperative MMO ≥ 35 mm.

Conclusion: Arthroscopic discopexy produces significant clinically improvements in mouth opening and pain in patients with restricted mandibular mobility, with the greatest benefit in …

Effects Of 850-Nm Light-Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation On Pain Intensity And Dentin Sialoprotein Levels During Canine Distalization: A Randomized Controlled Trial., Thanh Thuy-Nhat Cao, Anh Ho-Quynh Nguyen, Hung Trong Hoang, Tham Dong Khac, Phuc Hoai Le, Tu Trinh Hk, Kieu-Minh Le, Diem Truong

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose

Light-emitting diode-based photobiomodulation (LED PBM) potentially reduces pain and root resorption risk in orthodontics. This study evaluated 850-nm LED PBM effects on pain and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) levels during canine distalization.

Materials and methods

This single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 16 orthodontic patients (8 per group). Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either an active LED group or a sham control group. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 0, 24, and 48 hours following canine distalization at four consecutive monthly visits (T₁-T₄) and expressed as the …

Significantly Higher Frequencies Of Anemia, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, And Hyperhomocysteinemia In Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients With Macrocytosis, Yu-Hsueh Wu, Yi-Ping Wang, Yi-Pang Lee, Julia Yu-Fong Chang, Andy Sun, Chun-Pin Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Macrocytosis is defined as having the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ≥ 100 fL. This study evaluated whether 14 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients with macrocytosis (macrocytosis/RAS patients) had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 430 healthy control subjects or 430 RAS patients.

Materials and methods: Complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 14 macrocytosis/RAS patients, 430 RAS patients, and 430 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.

Results: We found that 92.9%, 14.3%, 85.7%, 0.0%, 85.7%, and 35.7% of 14 macrocytosis/RAS …

The Association Between Dental Prophylaxis And Diabetes Outcomes: A 15-Year Cohort Study, Hsueh-Fen Chen, Shih-Feng Weng, Ju-Hui Wu, Mei-Yueh Lee, Hui-Min Hsieh, Yu-Ting Huang, Yi-Cai Liu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Periodontal disease and diabetes share inflammatory pathways. Dental prophylaxis (DP) is effective in preventing periodontal inflammation; however, its association with diabetes outcomes remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between DP intensity and mortality and diabetes-related complications among adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (2005–2022). Adults aged 18–70 years with incident type 2 diabetes in 2007 were identified, with 2005-2006 as the washout period. Participants were followed from 2008 until death or December 31, 2022. Annual DP intensity …

Changes Of Rna Expression In Aging Periodontal Ligament Cells, Su Kang Kim, Ju Ri Ye, Gyutae Kim, Ju Yeon Ban, Sang Wook Kang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Aging is a major risk factor for periodontal disease and is associated with impaired tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity. The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a central role in periodontal integrity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying PDL cell aging remain incompletely understood.

Materials and methods: In this study, we established an in vitro passage-dependent cellular aging model using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts serially passaged from early to late stages. Transcriptomic changes associated with aging were analyzed using RNA sequencing, followed by principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, pathway enrichment, and protein–protein interaction network analyses.

Results: Global transcriptomic profiling revealed that PDL …

Formulation Modification Of Silver Diamine Fluoride To Improve Clinical Handling And Dentin Tubule Occlusion, Liangyu Chang, Yutzu Wu, Powen Lu, Iwen Chen, Weifang Lee, Chunche Lin, Renjei Chung, Poonam Negi, Naichia Teng, Jenchang Yang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is clinically effective for treating dentinal hypersensitivity and arresting caries, but its poor clinical handling due to low viscosity remain concerns. This study aimed to enhance the rheological properties of SDF by incorporating sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to improve its clinical manageability. Materials and methods: A 39.34 wt% SDF solution (TMU-SDF) was prepared via wet processing. Its matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition was evaluated using a fluorogenic MMP-1 assay, and antibacterial activity was tested via an inhibition zone assay. Biocompatibility was assessed using a modified cytotoxicity-agar diffusion test and a skin sensitization test. Rheological properties, including flow …

An Artificial Intelligence Assisted Framework For Automated Quantified Root Canal Curvature Measurement On Periapical Radiographs, Ming-Yi Chen, Shih-Lun Chen, Yu-Jen Chang, Yuan-Jin Lin, Chiung-An Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen, Kuo-Chen Li, Wei-Chen Tu, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Root canal curvature is a complex anatomical variation that complicates endodontic treatments. Traditionally, dentists rely on two-dimensional periapical radiographs (PA) and manual methods to estimate curvature angles. However, this conventional approach is highly time-consuming and subjective, often leading to inconsistent measurements.

Materials and methods: This study aims to develop a fully automated, objective framework for precise angular measurement and severity grading of root canal curvature. The YOLO26n-seg model was employed to segment roots and classify single- or multi-rooted teeth from PA. Furthermore, we proposed an image processing algorithm that standardized orientation, extracted centerlines, and applied three-point circle fitting …

Fault Tolerant Adaptive Control Under Actuator Saturation For Robot Manipulators, D. J. López-Araujo, N. Alvarez-Jarquin, P. Borja, A. T. Becker

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

In practice, actuators inherently have natural limitations that are often overlooked by theoretical control strategies, such as bounded output and discrepancies between calculated and actual responses. Consequently, reliable control techniques must be employed to ensure safe and dependable operation. We propose an adaptive control law for global regulation in the case of partial loss of effectiveness due to input faults. The proposed control strategy maintains the system at the desired configuration while accounting for the physical limitations of the actuators. Additionally, it is suitable for dealing with unknown parameters in the vector of gravitational forces, making it robust to these …

Angle-Based Formation Stabilization And Maneuvers In Port-Hamiltonian Form With Bearing And Velocity Measurements, Ningbo Li, Pablo Borja, Arjan Van Der Schaft, Jacquelien M.A. Scherpen

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This paper proposes a port-Hamiltonian approach for angle-based formation stabilization and maneuvers using bearing and velocity measurements with an underlying triangulated Laman graph. The corresponding port-Hamiltonian controller is designed using virtual couplings on the errors of angle constraints in angle space. Then, the angle constraints and agent actuators are mapped by the constraint Jacobian, which can be applied to other formation constraints. In addition, to avoid unavailable distance terms in the control law, an estimator is designed based on port-Hamiltonian theory and the property that energy is coordinate-free for different sensor modalities using bearing and velocity measurements, which permits our …

Usable Authentication: Are We There Yet?, Nathan Clarke, Steven Furnell

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

With technology increasingly embedded in everyday life, the demand for secure and usable authentication methods has never been greater. Traditional password-based systems continue to dominate, despite well-known usability and security challenges. This paper explores the evolution of user authentication technologies, from secret knowledge and tokens to biometrics and emerging approaches such as Passkeys. It critically evaluates the extent to which usability has been achieved, identifying both successes—such as biometrics integrated into smartphones—and persistent issues, including inconsistent guidance, ecosystem dependence, and accessibility barriers. Drawing on academic and commercial developments, the discussion highlights the growing burden on users who must authenticate across …

From Predictions To Explanations: Explainable Ai For Autism Diagnosis And Identification Of Critical Brain Regions: 18th International Joint Conference, Biostec 2025, Kush Gupta, Amir Aly, Emmanuel Ifeachor, Rohit Shankar

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmentalcondition characterized by atypical brain maturation. However, the adaptationof transfer learning paradigms in machine learning for ASD researchremains notably limited. In this study, we propose a computeraideddiagnostic framework with two modules. This chapter presents atwo-module framework combining deep learning and explainable AI forASD diagnosis. The first module leverages a deep learning model finetunedthrough cross-domain transfer learning for ASD classification. Thesecond module focuses on interpreting the model’s decisions and identifyingcritical brain regions. To achieve this, we employed three explainableAI (XAI) techniques: saliency mapping, Gradient-weighted Class ActivationMapping, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis.This framework demonstrates that …

Heat Transfer From A Partially Buried Circular Cylinder In Oscillatory Flow, H. Thomas, R. Stuhlmeier, A. G.L. Borthwick, S. Michele

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

With the growing abundance of man-made cylindrical structures located on or close to the seabed, it is important to be able to assess their potential environmental impact. Herein, a model is presented of the viscous-thermal boundary layer in the vicinity of a circular cylinder resting on, or partially buried in, an otherwise flat seabed. To model the influence of wave-induced motions near such a cylinder, we assume oscillatory flow in which the water particle displacements are small with respect to the cylinder radius. A perturbation expansion is utilised to derive solutions of the boundary layer equations, leading to analytical solutions …

Diagnosing Long-Term Divergence In Build Back Better Outcomes In Low- And Lower-Middle-Income Communities, E. A. Opabola, M. Baiguera, A. Raby, T. Rossetto, A. Pomonis, E. Meilianda, Y. Idris, S. Nurdin, K. Adams, D. J. Mcgovern, N. Acikgoz, H. Mistry, F. Marafini

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Low-income communities in disaster-prone regions face persistent challenges in translating post-disaster recovery investments into sustained resilience, as they navigate trade-offs among engineering objectives, policy constraints, and evolving socio-economic needs. Despite the widespread adoption of Build Back Better (BBB) principles, evidence on the long-term sustainability of outcomes remains limited, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income contexts. This study examines the sustainability of BBB outcomes in two Indonesian case studies: Banda Aceh (approximately 18 years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami) and Central Sulawesi (approximately 4 years after the 2018 earthquake, liquefaction, and tsunami). Drawing on structured housing assessments, household surveys, semi-structured interviews, …

01.01.14. Mallard Hybrids, K. M. Mcbride, A. Auger, A. T. Fanning, Ann Hodgson, Florida Ornithological Society

01.01. <em>Anatidae</em> - Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl

The Mallard complex of ducks is a suite of 14 closely related species found throughout the world whose genetics are just beginning to be understood. Within the complex, the wild-type mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the sole ancestor to most domesticated ducks.

Who Seeks Help? Characteristics Of Doctors Accessing Mental Health Support In England: 4-Year National Review, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

BackgroundMental health difficulties affect the well-being of doctors and compromise the delivery of healthcare. However, large-scale data on doctors’ mental health needs are limited.AimsDescribe patterns of self-referrals for mental health support among doctors in England and explore associations with demographic factors, speciality, neurodevelopmental and mental health indicators.MethodObservational study using data from doctors who self-referred for mental health difficulties to a national service in England over a 4-year period. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between speciality and mental health indicators.ResultsOf the 16 815 doctors who self-referred during the study period, 80% were under the age of 49 and 70.6% …

Does In-Bed Cycling Delivered Within 48 Hours Of Mechanical Ventilation, Reduce The Occurrence Of Delirium In Critically Ill Patients: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial Protocol, Jacqueline Bennion, Mark Hudson, Mary Hickson, Victoria Allgar, Bridie Kent, David Mcwilliams, Daniel Martin

Peninsula Medical School

Background: Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric clinical state presenting as an acute onset of cognitive deficits. Patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), have the highest incidence (50%–80%) of delirium amongst patients admitted to intensive care units. Preliminary data indicates that early mobilisation is associated with reduced delirium in critically ill patients. However, definitive evidence is lacking. Current practice varies due to many barriers to patients, who require IMV, receiving early mobilisation interventions. In-bed cycling may address some of these barriers. This research aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of early in-bed cycling to reduce delirium in critically ill patients. …

Enhancing Offshore Wind Resource Assessment Through Neural Network-Based Hf Radar Data Analysis, Nikolas Martzikos, Matthew Craven, David Walker, Daniel Conley

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The increasing demand for offshore wind energy underscores the need for accurate wind speed estimation to support the design and operation of offshore wind farms. High-Frequency Radar (HFR), a widely used remote sensing technology in oceanographic research, offers promising potential for wind resource assessment, particularly in areas where conventional measurements are limited. This study explores the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for offshore wind speed prediction using HFR-derived data, addressing key challenges in model development and training. A key feature of this approach is the use of a decade-long dataset from the Celtic Sea, off the southwest UK coast, …

Patient And Practitioner Workshops For An Intellectual Disabilities And Epilepsy Neuropsychiatric Genetic Research Database Register: Ethical Dilemmas For Study Design, Rohit Shankar, Jon Allard, Dannielle Bilkey, Brendan Mclean, Pamela Bowman, Chloe Staples, Lance Watkins, Anna Simpson, Elizabeth Boardman, Sarah Mitchell, Sarah Lennard

Peninsula Medical School

BackgroundThere is a need for more research studies focussed on People with ID (PwID) and Epilepsy and for the design of these studies to be shaped by this complex and vulnerable population and those who care for and support them.AimsTo develop understanding as to how a future NHS genetic research database register for PwID and Epilepsy should be conducted in a way which is inclusive, suitable and appropriate for them, their carers and the NHS settings where the research would be undertaken.MethodsThree workshops were completed with 17 formal participants: (1) PwID and Epilepsy (n2); (2) carers of PwID and Epilepsy …