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New Accurate Wattmeter Based On Logarithmic Amplifiers, Azzad Saeed Aug 2026

New Accurate Wattmeter Based On Logarithmic Amplifiers, Azzad Saeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Analog Computers can realize most of mathematical equations; these equations can be solved using difference, adder, logarithmic, anti-logarithmic, integrator, and differentiator amplifiers. The logarithmic and anti-logarithmic amplifiers are the main components of the analog computers, whereas, they can convert the multiplication and division operations to addition and subtraction ones, and they can convert the exponential functions to multiplication relationships. These amplifiers depend on the non-linearity of the relation between forward current and applied voltage of the diode. All of previous types of wattmeters, measure the consumed power of a specific load or resistor by multiplying the difference voltage of that …

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Applying Modern Optimization Techniques For Prediction Reaction Kinetics Of Iraqi Heavy Naphtha Hydrodesulferization, Zaidoon Shakor, Anfal Sadeiq Aug 2026

Applying Modern Optimization Techniques For Prediction Reaction Kinetics Of Iraqi Heavy Naphtha Hydrodesulferization, Zaidoon Shakor, Anfal Sadeiq

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, a powerful modern optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial neural network (ANN) were applied to estimate the optimal reaction kinetic parameters for Heavy naphtha Hydrodesulferization (HDS), the hydrodesulferization unit located in AL-Daura refinery-Baghdad/Iraq. The reactions was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor packed with Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and the operating was 315-400 °C temperature 35 bar Pressure and 0.5-2.1 hr-1 liquid hourly space velocity. The result showed that hydrodesulferization of heavy naphtha follows the pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. This study signifies that the reaction kinetic parameters calculated by Genetic Algorithm was …

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Effect Of V-Shape Twisted Jaw Turbulators On Thermal Performance Of Tube Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study, Akram Abed, Nassr Hussein, Abdulmunem Abdulmunem Aug 2026

Effect Of V-Shape Twisted Jaw Turbulators On Thermal Performance Of Tube Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study, Akram Abed, Nassr Hussein, Abdulmunem Abdulmunem

Engineering and Technology Journal

The main purpose of the present investigation is enhancing heat transfer rate in a tube heat exchanger by using V-shape twisted Jaws. The air is used as a working fluid and pumped through the test section with different values of Reynolds number (6000 - 19500), while the heat flux has been selected as a constant boundary condition around the tube section. In this study, two type of twisted jaw turbulators are used with two twisted ratio (TR= 2 & 4) as well as, the effect of using different numbers of turbulators (N= 6, 8 and 10) inside test section with …

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Hiding 9 Gray Images In Rgb Image And Using Filters For Noise Removing, Haraa Hatem Aug 2026

Hiding 9 Gray Images In Rgb Image And Using Filters For Noise Removing, Haraa Hatem

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper shows two major techniques, the first is steganography and the second is filters. Gaussian and median filters are used to enhance the quality of image and remove the noise. Two kinds of noise are added to RGB cover image. RGB cover image are divided in to three cover images RGB. The hiding algorithm is Least Significant Bits (LSB) which is used to hide three different images in each part of noisy cover image. The results of proposed system show that the ability of extracting secret message without errors. Normalized Correlation (NC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) …

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Geomatics Techniques To Evaluate Bus Service Coverage A Case Study On Nasiriyah, Iraq, Murtadha Satchet Aug 2026

Geomatics Techniques To Evaluate Bus Service Coverage A Case Study On Nasiriyah, Iraq, Murtadha Satchet

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, geomatics techniques were used to collect, build, and analyze a geo-database of the bus transport network. Spatial identification of bus routes and bus stops using GPS was performed using GIS to link and analyze the necessary metadata with the available spatial data. The criteria used to assess bus service coverage were as follows: the spatial coverage in terms of the walking distance to the transport service, the adequacy of the transport network length, and extent of supply availability of the bus transport system. The results revealed that the population “living in 47% of the city’s urban area” …

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Difference And Contradiction Of Critique Methods To Produce Styles Of Modulation In Architecture: (Architect Peter Eisenman As Example), Basim Al-Majidi, Baneen Al-Saadawi Aug 2026

Difference And Contradiction Of Critique Methods To Produce Styles Of Modulation In Architecture: (Architect Peter Eisenman As Example), Basim Al-Majidi, Baneen Al-Saadawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Rapid changes and developments have brought contemporary intellectual theories and different and diverse ties to highlight the different and multiple concepts contribute to the definition of any philosophy and intellect, which are frequent and mutant methods and demonstrations of the same values and origins which in turn describe the state of existence, continuity, permanence and human communication, the most important concepts are Difference and contradiction as the basis of everything, and without them there is no existence or knowledge. most contemporary studies focused on the different critical methods linked to the semantics and meanings that express architecture on the one …

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Maximizing The Value Of Decay Rate For A Vibrated Beam, Sherko Ibrahem, Tahseen Othman Aug 2026

Maximizing The Value Of Decay Rate For A Vibrated Beam, Sherko Ibrahem, Tahseen Othman

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents design controllers by using control strategies and (LMI) in order to attenuate the vibrations of a beam. An Aluminum beam with fixed-fixed configuration was chosen as an application example of (AVC) of structure. Six conditions had been taken for (AVC) of the beam. In each condition the beam was the same, the changes was in the actuator and in the disturbance according to the location and the kind of the force applied. The attenuation in vibrations of this beam is in maximizing the decay rate (increasing the damping) and limiting the amplitude of the Beam. In this …

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Full State Feedback ���� And H-Infinity Controllers Design For A Two Wheeled Inverted Pendulum System, Hazem Ali, Zain. Shareef Aug 2026

Full State Feedback ���� And H-Infinity Controllers Design For A Two Wheeled Inverted Pendulum System, Hazem Ali, Zain. Shareef

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, two robust controllers, which are full state feedback, ��2 and full state feedback ��∞ controllers are proposed for the two wheeled inverted pendulum system. The nonlinear equations for the two wheeled inverted pendulum system are developed using Euler – Lagrange equation. The system parameters changes are considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed robust controllers. These controllers are proposed not only to stabilize the pendulum in upright position but also to drive the position to track a given reference input. The results show that more desirable robustness and time response specifications can be achieved using the …

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Optimization Of Heat Treatment Parameters For The Tensile Properties Of Medium Carbon Steel, Abbas Hussein, Laith Abbas, Wisam Hasan Aug 2026

Optimization Of Heat Treatment Parameters For The Tensile Properties Of Medium Carbon Steel, Abbas Hussein, Laith Abbas, Wisam Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

The purpose of this study is designate quenching and tempering heat treatment by using Taguchi technique to determination optimal factors of heat treatment (tempering temperature, percentage of nanoparticles, type of base media, nanoparticles type and tempering time)for increasing ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and ductility properties of medium carbon steel. An (L18) orthogonal array was chosen for the design of experiment. The optimum process parameters were determined by using signal-to-noise ratio (larger is better) criterion. The importance levels of process parameters on tensile properties were obtained by using analysis of variance, which applied with the help of (Minitab18) software. Percentage …

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Analysis And Simulation Of Unmanned Aircraft Propeller Motor Using Psim, Ahmed Yousif, Ammar Mohammed Aug 2026

Analysis And Simulation Of Unmanned Aircraft Propeller Motor Using Psim, Ahmed Yousif, Ammar Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The study and simulation of a PI speed controller for small UAV or quadcopter motor is discussed in this research. The motor under consideration is MAXON 2260 215, which is a brushless DC motor that has permanent magnets on the rotating part and the stationary windings are connected so that the back electromotive force is trapezoidal. The motor utilizes a PI controller, which dominate the duty cycle of the PWM pulses applied on the switches of the inverter so that the motor can run at the required speed. A Chopper is used as a power converter and a proportional–integral as …

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Synthesis Of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated With Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles For Removal Of Pathogenic Bacterial, Adawiya Haider, Riyad Al- Anbari, Hayder Mohammed, Duha Ahmed Ahmed Aug 2026

Synthesis Of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated With Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles For Removal Of Pathogenic Bacterial, Adawiya Haider, Riyad Al- Anbari, Hayder Mohammed, Duha Ahmed Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

A series of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs)-functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) Nano composites were developed as antibacterial. In this study, chemical oxidation of pristine MWCNTs were carried out with a mixture of strong acids (3H2SO4 98%:1 HNO3 65%).The F-MWCNTs were used as templates to prepare hybrid material like ZnONPs decorated F-MWCNTs. Pristine MWCNTs, F-MWCNTs and (ZnONPs/F-MWCNTs) Nano composites powder were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Anti-bacterial activity has been carried out using standard agar dilution (plate count) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study demonstrated that (ZnONPs/F-MWCNTs) Nano composite has a powerful …

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Preparation And Characterization Of Tio2 Nanoparticles And Its Applications As Antibacterial Agents, Ghadah Kahdim, Riyad Al-Anbari, Adawiay Haider Aug 2026

Preparation And Characterization Of Tio2 Nanoparticles And Its Applications As Antibacterial Agents, Ghadah Kahdim, Riyad Al-Anbari, Adawiay Haider

Engineering and Technology Journal

TiO2NP’s were synthesis by sol-gel method at different calcination temperatures. The prepared TiO2NP’s were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activities of the prepared TiO2NP’s were investigative for two kinds of bacteria, (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium. XRD results shows that the type of the TiO2 structure was anatase (A) at low temperatures, rutile (R) with rise of calcination temperature (Tc) into 800 ᵒC and mixed phases .SEM demonstrated that the size of nanoparticles seems larger and the accumulations appears clearly with raise calcinations temperature. The optical properties measured by the UV-Vis. Spectroscopy …

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Effect Of Natural Fibers On Mechanical Properties Of Polymer Composites, Ruaa Abdulraheem Aug 2026

Effect Of Natural Fibers On Mechanical Properties Of Polymer Composites, Ruaa Abdulraheem

Engineering and Technology Journal

The mechanical behavior of coconut shell (CS) particulate epoxy composites was concentrated on keeping in mind the end goal to create designing materials for modern application. Minute of the support with various weight portions (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) wt%. Epoxy and composite materials were prepared by hand lay-up molding. The physical properties are thermal conductivity while the mechanical properties were hardness, tensile properties, impact properties, and flexural strength. The resulting composites of thermal conductivity 0.1005 W∕ m.c° that is lower than pure epoxy and commonplace materials utilized for home-structures. As for the mechanical properties, composite materials with (Epoxy+25%CS) …

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The Influence Of Punch Profile Radius On Deep Drawing Process In Case Of A Low Carbon Steel Cylindrical Cup, Waleed Jawad, Abdullah Jaafar Aug 2026

The Influence Of Punch Profile Radius On Deep Drawing Process In Case Of A Low Carbon Steel Cylindrical Cup, Waleed Jawad, Abdullah Jaafar

Engineering and Technology Journal

This research aims to investigate the effect of punch profile radius on the drawing force, cup wall thickness, amount of spring back induced in the drawn cup, contact regions between blank and punch, strain distributions over the cup wall and height of drawn cup, in deep drawing operation. In this study, a commercial FEA software package (ANSYS11.0) was employed to model a deep drawing operation. A 3-D model of cylindrical cup of (53.4 mm) outer diameter and (33mm) height from a low carbon steel (1008–AISI) of (0.7mm) sheet thickness has been developed and then the FE simulations results are compared …

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Influence Of Saw Welding Parameters On Microhardness Of Steel A516-Gr60, Sadeq Bakhy, Samir Amin, Fouad Abdullah Aug 2026

Influence Of Saw Welding Parameters On Microhardness Of Steel A516-Gr60, Sadeq Bakhy, Samir Amin, Fouad Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process is generally used for industries, such as petroleum storage tanks, pressure vessels, and structural components.Good mechanical properties of welded joint lead to crack-free strong joints. In this research, included angle, current, welding travel speed and arc voltage were utilized as welding parameters to weld ASTM A516 Grade 60 (low carbon steel). The experiments were carried out according to a design matrix that established by DOE (Version10) with RSM technique. Microhardness of welded samples was measured by a Digital Microhardness Tester, and then RSM technique was used to model and optimize the microhardness based on the …

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Microstructure And Electrical Conductivity Of 7075al Alloy/Sic Nano Composites, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Sameir Aziez, Deana Idan Aug 2026

Microstructure And Electrical Conductivity Of 7075al Alloy/Sic Nano Composites, Hussain Al-Alkawi, Sameir Aziez, Deana Idan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at high magnification showed that the microstructure of the nano composites exhibited uniform distribution of SiC particles and less porosity. The experimental results revealed that adding Nano Reinforcement to 7075Al alloy improve the electrical conductivity for the metal matrix composites with 3, 6, 9 wt. % SiC were adopted in this work. The maximum enhancements were observed at 9wt. %SiC of 5200(Ω. m) -1 compared with the metal base of 35 (Ω. m) -1.

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Study The Effect Of Micro Caco3 And Sio2 And Their Mixture On Properties Of High Strength Concrete, Ahmed Al Ghaban, Aseel Al Zubaidi, Zahraa Jawad Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Micro Caco3 And Sio2 And Their Mixture On Properties Of High Strength Concrete, Ahmed Al Ghaban, Aseel Al Zubaidi, Zahraa Jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper investigated the effect of incorporating two types of micro particles micro CaCO3 and micro SiO2 on mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Micro materials were added in four different dosages of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% by weight as partial replacement of cement in concrete mixture. Mechanical properties of hardened concrete (compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength) have been done after 28 days of water curing. In addition, water absorption test was carrying out for obtaining the durability properties of concrete specimen. Binary combination of micro CaCO3 + micro SiO2 were also studied the combined effect …

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Studies On Characterization Of Sawdust For Application In A Gasification Process For Syngas Production, Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy, Riyad Al-Anbari, Hussein Kadhim Aug 2026

Studies On Characterization Of Sawdust For Application In A Gasification Process For Syngas Production, Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy, Riyad Al-Anbari, Hussein Kadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Quintessential characteristics of sawdust were investigated in this study as well as to to investigate the ability of reed as a Production of gases via gasification technique by using special gasifier made for this purpose. The physical properties of solid waste results showed that sawdust were suitable for using in production of syngas due to its high volatile matter and cellulose content and low moisture content. The CHNS analysis results showed that high content of hydrogen for sawdust has generated higher amount of syngas heat value, while gravimetric analysis results showed that high cellulose and hemicellulose content gave higher concentration …

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Design And Performance Analysis Of Contact Lens Materials For Chromatic And Polychromatic Aberrations Correction, Ali Al-Hamdani Aug 2026

Design And Performance Analysis Of Contact Lens Materials For Chromatic And Polychromatic Aberrations Correction, Ali Al-Hamdani

Engineering and Technology Journal

A material scientists worldwide has investigated optical plastics as alternative materials for glasses that have been widely used over the years. Plastics have numerous advantages over glasses in optical applications, especially in ophthalmic applications. Recently, researchers have developed new polymer materials to satisfy the ophthalmic industry requirements. Mechanical, chemical and physical tests were conducted to determine the polymers for contact lenses. In this study, the optical properties of polymers were evaluated and analyzed by using Zemax program depending on Liou & Brennan model. The effect of achromatic and polychromatic light on the performance of the polymers contact lenses was investigated. …

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Biosorption Technique For Naphthalene Removal From Aqueous Solution By Chara Sp., Algae, Talib Albayati, Khairi Kalash Aug 2026

Biosorption Technique For Naphthalene Removal From Aqueous Solution By Chara Sp., Algae, Talib Albayati, Khairi Kalash

Engineering and Technology Journal

These instructions give guidelines for preparing the article to be published in the Engineering& Technology Journal using MS World 7.0 or later. A short abstract should open the paper and give a clear indication of the aims, scope and the main results of the paper. The reader may decide from the abstract that the full text is of particular interest or not. The author should consider that the abstract is an indication of the scope of the topic and the obtained results and not a way of condensing the problem in a few words for quick reading. It should be …

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Energy Saving In Power Consumption By Using Double Glazing Windows In Iraq, Walaa Hashim, Hisham Hoshi Aug 2026

Energy Saving In Power Consumption By Using Double Glazing Windows In Iraq, Walaa Hashim, Hisham Hoshi

Engineering and Technology Journal

It is generally accepted that the summer in Iraq is relatively hot season, where the temperature sometimes reaches 60 Cº. Accordingly, most of the Iraqi houses are characterized as having a large area of windows with a single glass, which could be resulted in a significant loss in cooling energy. Hence, the present research concern is to examine the effect of using double glass windows (as an alternative to single glass) on the saving in which energy normally used in houses and buildings at July and August for different hours 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 P.m. …

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A Compact Dual-Band Bpf Based On Open Loop Resonator For Satellite Communication Applications, Ali Salim, Aya Alkhafaji, Mushtaq Alqaisy Aug 2026

A Compact Dual-Band Bpf Based On Open Loop Resonator For Satellite Communication Applications, Ali Salim, Aya Alkhafaji, Mushtaq Alqaisy

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, a new filter is constructed by inserting two slots in the form of rectangular open loop resonator with folded ends. The insertion of these slots has successfully led to the compact size and the dual bandwidth behavior. The overall filter dimensions are 16×12 mm2, which correspond to 0.61λg × 0.4λg using a substrate with Rogers Ro 4003 with a relative permittivity of 3.38 and thickness of 1.0 mm. The resulting structure exhibits a dual-band behavior. The first passband has a center frequency of 6.2 GHz with FBW of 16.833% and input reflection coefficient better than -30 dB …

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Investigation And Analysis Of Force Production Mechanism For Partitioned Stator Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Linear Machine, Ahlam Shuraiji, Zi Zhu Aug 2026

Investigation And Analysis Of Force Production Mechanism For Partitioned Stator Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Linear Machine, Ahlam Shuraiji, Zi Zhu

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the force production mechanism in partitioned stator flux reversal permanent magnet (PS-FRPM) linear machine will be investigated. Since the PS-FRPM linear machine has both armature windings and the permanent magnet (PM) in one machine part and the other part is passive; thereby, the force production mechanism in conventional PM linear machine, is not valid for such a machine. In order to determine both magnetic and electrical loading frequency components, which result in production the electromagnetic force a spatial harmonic analysis is adapted. It has been found that the electromagnetic force in the PS-FRPM linear machine is produced …

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Grasping Force Controlling By Slip Detection For Specific Artificial Hand (Ottobock 8e37), Mofaq Twfeq, Ihsan Baqer, Asaad Abdulsahib Aug 2026

Grasping Force Controlling By Slip Detection For Specific Artificial Hand (Ottobock 8e37), Mofaq Twfeq, Ihsan Baqer, Asaad Abdulsahib

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study to control grasping force of specific artificial hand (Otto Bock 8E37), which it uses by amputees. The hand has two rigid fingers actuated by a DC motor through a multi-gears system. The aim of this work is to give the amputees a feeling of slipping while the hand grasping an object. The mathematical model has been derived to simulate the hand mechanism and analyze the generated signal of contact force between fingertip and the grasped object through a slippage phenomenon. The experimental work consisted of modifying the artificial hand design to aid …

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Effect Of Friction Stir Processing (Fsp) To The Some Properties Of Pure Copper Welded By Friction Stir Welding, Mais Abdulkareem Aug 2026

Effect Of Friction Stir Processing (Fsp) To The Some Properties Of Pure Copper Welded By Friction Stir Welding, Mais Abdulkareem

Engineering and Technology Journal

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an innovative technique of varying the metallic features by intense, local plastic deforming. Accordingly, materials are stirred with no altering the phase via melting or otherwise to produce a microstructure with equiaxed and fine grains. This method enhances the microstructural features of metals. In This study the microstructure and the mechanical features including (tensile strength and microhardness), and radiographic inspection results are studied. All specimens of pure copper use in the (FSW) and (FSP) have variable rotating speed (900, 1200, and 1600 rpm) with constant feed speed (40 mm/min). The most remarkable results, the ultimate …

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Mechanical And Acoustic Properties Of Composite Material In A Secondary Roof To Reducing The Cooling Load, Nassr Hussein, Aseel Mohammed, Hatam Kadhom Aug 2026

Mechanical And Acoustic Properties Of Composite Material In A Secondary Roof To Reducing The Cooling Load, Nassr Hussein, Aseel Mohammed, Hatam Kadhom

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present investigation aims to perform experimental study to show the feasibility of application composite materials as secondary roofs, as well as their capability for reducing cooling load in building. Moreover, compare some of their mechanical properties and acoustic insulation with conventional secondary roofs. Three basic models, which are common, were chosen for the construction of buildings' roofs in Baghdad (concrete and concrete tiles as basic components of the first model, brick and clay tiles as basic components of the second model and brick and normal tiles as basic components of the third model). In addition, three composite materials were …

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Realization Of Direct Linear Relation Between Control Voltage And Resonance Frequency Of The Lc Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Azzad Saeed Aug 2026

Realization Of Direct Linear Relation Between Control Voltage And Resonance Frequency Of The Lc Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Azzad Saeed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The main problem of traditional LC ( L represents the inductance, and C represents the Capacitance) Voltage Controlled Oscillators VCOs, is the non-linearity relation between the tuning control voltage and output resonance frequency, which is caused by two following reasons: the first one is the inverse and non-linear relation between the tuning control voltage and produced capacitance of the used varactor diode in the VCO circuit, and the second is the inverse and non-linear relation between the capacitance value of the used varactor diode and the output resonance frequency. In this paper, a proposed circuit has been designed and implemented …

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A Mixture Between Rule 90 And Rule 150 Cellular Automata As A Test Pattern Generator, Sahar Alawey Aug 2026

A Mixture Between Rule 90 And Rule 150 Cellular Automata As A Test Pattern Generator, Sahar Alawey

Engineering and Technology Journal

Built-in Self-test (BIST) is one of integrated circuit (IC) testing techniques that can be used as a pseudo-random generator for the Circuit Under Test (CUT). This paper introduces the design and simulation of a 4-bit test pattern generator (TPG) using a one dimension Linear Hybrid Cellular Automata (LHCA) with a mixture of rule 90 and 150. LHCA is an enhancement from Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) which can have more random test vectors and improving the cycle length. Design and simulation have been performed using Quartus II and Model Sim software.

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Investigation Of Addition Different Fibers On The Performance Of Cement Mortar, Ahmed Al-Ghaban, Hussein Jaber, Aya Shaher Aug 2026

Investigation Of Addition Different Fibers On The Performance Of Cement Mortar, Ahmed Al-Ghaban, Hussein Jaber, Aya Shaher

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work presents an investigation of possibility incorporate of synthetic fibers (glass, nylon and carbon) at two states (short: 1cm, long: 5cm) effects on the mechanical properties of mortars (cement: sand composition (1:3)). Fibers materials used at different weight percentages ranged of (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2) wt%. Density, water absorption, porosity, thermal conductivity, compressive strength and flexural strength experimentally investigated for mortar specimens after curing for (28 days). The results showed that the incorporation of these fiber materials improvement mechanical and physical tests for all reinforced samples with short and long fibers, and that the highest value of the …

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Synthesis And Characterization Nano Structure Of Mno2 Via Chemical Method, Khitam Shaker, Alyaa Abdalsalm Aug 2026

Synthesis And Characterization Nano Structure Of Mno2 Via Chemical Method, Khitam Shaker, Alyaa Abdalsalm

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the current research, Magnesium oxide II (MnO2) nanostructures were prepared by chemical route from hydro manganese chloride salt using Potassium hydroxide as reducing agent. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) used to characterize both particle size and structure of MnO2 nanoparticles. XRD results confirmed impurity of synthesized powder with α-MnO2 as predominant phase. The average particle size of manganese dioxide was in the range 25- 30 nm. Photographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed two hierarchical structures, cluster agglomeration and chain appearance.

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