Digital Commons Network^™

Shoulder Strength And Total Arc Range Of Motion: Associations With Upper-Extremity Joint Kinetics And Ball Velocity In Adolescent Baseball Pitchers, Tomohiro Ide, Stephen J. Thomas, Takato Ogasawara, Adam B. Rosen, Brian A. Knarr, Kazuma Akehi, Samuel J. Wilkins

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Adolescent baseball pitchers are vulnerable to upper-extremity injuries because of the repetitive, high-stress nature of throwing movements. While shoulder strength and range of motion (ROM) are commonly measured, they are often interpreted in isolation during injury prevention assessments.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between clinical measures (shoulder ROM and strength) and throwing arm joint kinetics in adolescent baseball pitchers.

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study.

METHODS: This study was conducted in a laboratory setting. A total of 43 adolescent baseball pitchers (age, 15-18 years) were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants underwent clinical assessments of shoulder ROM and isokinetic concentric strength …

High Nkap Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis Of Breast Cancer Patients, Yonghao Li, Zheng Shu, Chenyu Sun, Scott Lowe, Rachel Bentley, Yaru Li, Bethany King, Shuya Chen, Qin Zhou, Mei Zhang

Student Publications

NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) plays important roles in various cancers, including breast cancer. However, its expression and prognosis value in breast cancer remains uncertain. Gene expression profiling interactive analysis, Human protein atlas database, and University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal database were used to predict the expression and prognostic value of NKAP in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were performed to detect NKAP expression. The effects of NKAP on cell proliferation, migration and drug sensitivity were investigated in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells. NKAP protein expression differed in breast cancer …

From Commonality To Unity: The Opportunities And Challenges Of Latinxs’ Cross-Racial Alliances With Blacks, Álvaro José Corral

School of Political Science, Public Affairs, Legal and Security Studies Faculty Publications

As a racialized group that is subject to discrimination, US Latinxs are often considered “natural” coalitional partners for Black-led civil rights struggles. Although the BLM movement may serve as a potential site for cross-racial coalition building because both Latinxs and Blacks suffer from racial profiling by law enforcement, the development of a shared status across group boundaries hinges on the interpretation by Latinxs of both their personal- and group-level discrimination experiences. Using the 2020 CMPS, I explore how multiple dimensions of Latinx racial group consciousness (perceptions of discrimination, intra- and intergroup commonality, and racial identity) shape their cross-racial alliances with …

Malaysia’S Social Media And Virtual Communities: Investigating Digital Engagement, Social Problem Management, And Economic Mobility, Muhammad Ridhwan Sarifin, Nur Hafizah Yusoff, Muhamad Hariz Muhamad Adnan

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

This study explores the evolving role of social media in shaping users’ digital engagement, social problem management, psychological well-being, and economic mobility in Malaysia. A total of 374 respondents participated in an online survey, selected using purposive sampling to capture active users across diverse age, income, and educational backgrounds. The study employed a structured questionnaire with Likert-scale items to evaluate perceptions of virtual community participation. Linear regression and moderation analysis were conducted to determine how social media usage predicts social issue management, emotional and social needs fulfillment, and economic opportunity access. Digital literacy was tested as a moderator between social …

The Western Curriculum And Identity Conflict Among Pakistani Students, Tauqeer Abdullah, Johar Ali

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

Education systems play a critical role in shaping students’ cultural identities in an increasingly globalized world. In Pakistan, the growing presence of international schools following Western curricula exposes students to values that often diverge from local traditions. Drawing on Erikson’s identity theory, Berry’s acculturation model, and Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory, this study examines how Western curricula influence students’ self-perception, identity conflict, and cultural alienation. Data were collected from 324 students (179 males, 145 females) enrolled in O-level and A-level programs across five international schools in Lahore, Punjab, using a cross-sectional survey design. The results indicate that Western curricula …

Health Care Systems: Responsibilities And Resilience., Carol Iddins, Ziad Kazzi, Arthur Chang, Nicholas Maikai Studer, James Jeng, Ann Jakubowski, Ibrahim Ahmed, Cullen Case, Mark Ervin, Shannon G. Loelius, Joel Ross, Jonathan Gill, Nelson Chao

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

This paper addresses the challenges and preparedness strategies for health care systems in responding to nuclear and radiological emergencies. It emphasizes the critical role of medical centers in pre-incident preparedness, immediate response, and long-term care, focusing on the need for coordinated efforts between local, state, and federal agencies. Key components include specialized training, resource allocation, triage protocols, and the integration of networks like the Radiation Injury Treatment Network and the American Burn Association. This paper highlights the importance of resilience through collaboration, infrastructure planning, and community support to manage mass casualties and mitigate long-term health consequences. It underscores the lessons …

Retraction Notice: Solving Time-Fractional Nonlinear Variable-Order Delay Pdes Using Feedforward Neural Networks, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alruhaili, Hala S.; Hussain, Adel S.; Ajlouni, Abdullah M. S.; Türk, Funda; Az-Zo'bi, Emad A.; and Tashtoush, Mohammad A. (2025) ``Solving Time-Fractional Nonlinear Variable-Order Delay PDEs Using Feedforward Neural Networks,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1284.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/12.

Retraction Notice: Software Engineering-Oriented Text Generation And Analysis Using Gpt-2, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Hussien, Nadia Mahmood; Farhan, Aumama Mohammed; Mohialden, Yasmin Makki; Jabbar, Qabas Abdal Zahraa; Abdulmaged, Shahbaa Mohammed; and Arif, Asmaa Hatem (2025) ``Software Engineering-Oriented Text Generation and Analysis Using GPT-2,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1312
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/32

Retraction Notice: Robust Security System: A Novel Facial Recognition Optimization Using Coronavirus-Inspired Algorithm And Machine Learning, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Kadhim, Saif Mohanad; Siaw Paw, Johnny Koh; Tak, Yaw Chong; and Al-Latief, Shahad Thamear Abd (2025) ``Robust Security System: A Novel Facial Recognition Optimization Using Coronavirus-Inspired Algorithm and Machine Learning,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1260.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/19.

Retraction Notice: Navigating The Complexities And Artificial Intelligence Of Internet Of Things Security Claims, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Mohamed, Tamara Saad and Khalifah, Saad Mohammed (2025) "Navigating the Complexities and Artificial Intelligence of Internet of Things Security Claims," Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1270
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/28

Retraction Notice: Metaguard: A Federated Learning Approach To Hybrid Xgboost And Meta-Learning Models For Proactive Cyber Threat Hunting, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Al-Khalisy, Shatha H. Jafer and Al-Kateb, Ghada Emad (2025) ``MetaGuard: A Federated Learning Approach to Hybrid XGBoost and Meta-Learning Models for Proactive Cyber Threat Hunting,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1300.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/27.

Retraction Notice: Mathematical Properties And Simulations Of The Neutrosophic Gompertz-Inverse Burr-X Distribution With Application To Under-Five Mortality, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Jumaa, Mustafa Hassan; Qaddoori, Asmaa S.; Khalaf, Sara A.; Noori, Nooruldeen A.; and Khaleel, Mundher A. (2025) ``Mathematical Properties and Simulations of the Neutrosophic Gompertz-Inverse Burr-X Distribution with Application to Under-Five Mortality,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1297. Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/23.

Retraction Notice: Iot Flow Parameters Classification Based On Machine Learning Techniques, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: El-Kenawy, El-Sayed M.; Eid, Marwa M.; Shukur, Ban Salman; Alhussan, Amel Ali; and Khafaga, Doaa Sami (2025) ``IoT Flow Parameters Classification Based on Machine Learning Techniques,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1301.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/28.

Retraction Notice: Intrusion Detection System For Iot Based On Modified Random Forest Algorithm, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Akif, Omar Z.; Ali, Sura Mazin; Sabih, Ann F.; Sadiq, Ahmed T.; and Subramaniam, S. K. (2025) ``Intrusion Detection System for IoT Based on Modified Random Forest Algorithm,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1258.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/17.

Retraction Notice: Image Denoising Using Smooth Total Variation Function For 5g Enhanced Mobile Broadband Transmission System, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ibrahem, Shehab Ahmed; Abdulwahab, Walled Khalid; and Shuwandy, Moceheb Lazam (2025) ``Image denoising using smooth total variation function for 5G enhanced mobile broadband transmission system,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1244.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss1/14.

Retraction Notice: Hotspot Issue Handling And Reliable Data Forwarding Technique For Ocean Underwater Sensor Networks, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Mahdi, Omar Adil; Al-Mayouf, Yusor Rafid Bahar; Al-Obaidi, Sameer Sami Hassan; AL-Attar, Bourair; Balogun, Hamed; and Khan, Suleman (2025). ``Hotspot Issue Handling and Reliable Data Forwarding Technique for Ocean Underwater Sensor Networks,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1307.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/37.

Retraction Notice: High-Performance System For Predicting Icu Patient Durations Using Artificial Neural Networks With Transfer Learning, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Awsaj, Mahmood. K.; Mashhadany, Yousif Al; and ChaariFourati, Lamia (2025) ``High-Performance System for Predicting ICU Patient Durations Using Artificial Neural Networks with Transfer Learning,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1285.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/19.

Retraction Notice: Fuzzy Backstepping Approach To Stabilizing Fuzzy Parabolic Partial Differential Equations, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: John, Zainab; Fadhel, Fadhel S.; Karim, Samsul Ariffin Abdul; and Ying, Teh Yuan (2025) "Fuzzy Backstepping Approach to Stabilizing Fuzzy Parabolic Partial Differential Equations," Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1338
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/13

Retraction Notice: Evaluating The Performance Of The Dbscan Algorithm's Using Number Of External Scores Measures, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Abbas, Rajaa Hasan; Hashim, Huda Qusay; and Nasser, Huda Karem (2025) ``Evaluating the Performance of the DBSCAN Algorithm's using Number of External Scores Measures,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1310.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/41.

Retraction Notice: Efficient Multi-User Computation Offloading And Reducing Latency In Mobile-Edge Computing For Iot Applications, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Abdul-Samad, Sarmad T.; Al-Hwaidi, Osamah; and Muslem, Ali Abd Al-Rasool (2025) ``Efficient Multi-User Computation Offloading and Reducing Latency in Mobile-Edge Computing for IoT Applications,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1298.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/29.

Retraction Notice: Dynamics And Stability Analysis Of 8-Dimensional Hyperchaotic Systems: Study Of Lyapunov Exponents, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Hamad, Abdulsattar Abdullah; Ali, Nida Muhsin; and Khalil, Muayyad Mahmood (2025) ``Dynamics and Stability Analysis of 8-Dimensional Hyperchaotic Systems: Study of Lyapunov Exponents,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1295.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/18.

Retraction Notice: Deep Learning-Based Beamforming Optimization For Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Communication Systems, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Jassim, Mohammed Firas; Mohammed, Alhamzah Taher; and Abdullah, Osamah (2025) ``Deep Learning-Based Beamforming Optimization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Communication Systems,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1233.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss1/7.

Retraction Notice: Data Envelopment Analysis Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis And Bootstrap Confidence Intervals, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alqahtani, Fahad F. (2025) ``Data Envelopment Analysis using Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Bootstrap Confidence Intervals,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1254.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/11.

Retraction Notice: Comparative Study Based On Continuous Analysis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Deep Learning With Model Interpretability Insights, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Sar, Ayan; Mahdi, Hussain Falih; Aich, Sumit; Singh, Pranav; and Choudhury, Tanupriya (2025) ``Comparative Study based on Continuous Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Deep Learning with Model Interpretability Insights,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1291.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/16.

Retraction Notice: Cipher Text To Secure Li-Fi System Using Hybrid Encryption Algorithm, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ahmed, Mohammed M. and Alnajjar, Satea H. (2025) ``Cipher Text to Secure Li-Fi System Using Hybrid Encryption Algorithm,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1257.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/16.

Retraction Notice: Capsule Network Model For Detecting Spoofing Attack In The Internet Of Medical Things (Iomt), Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alsharaiah, Mohammad A.; Almaiah, Mohammed Amin; Obeidat, Mansour; and Shehab, Rami (2025) ``Capsule Network Model for Detecting Spoofing Attack in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT),'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1306.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/35.

Retraction Notice: Automated Diagnosis Of Orthopedic Patients With Vertebral Column Disorders Using Advanced Mathematical Modeling, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Feng, Chen; Sun, Zhenhua; Dai, Xinheng; and Wen, Hongli (2025) ``Automated Diagnosis of Orthopedic Patients with Vertebral Column Disorders Using Advanced Mathematical Modeling,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1304.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/34.

Retraction Notice: Analysis Of Energy Sector Co2 Emanations Using Wavelet-Based Numerical Technique, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: R., Yeshwanth and S., Kumbinarasaiah (2025) ``Analysis of Energy Sector CO2 Emanations Using Wavelet-Based Numerical Technique,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1313.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/2.

Retraction Notice: Ai-Driven Flood Prediction, Monitoring, And Warning Systems: Design, Evaluation, And Simulation, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alkharabsheh, Abdel Rahman A. and Momani, Lina M. (2025) ``AI-Driven Flood Prediction, Monitoring, and Warning Systems: Design, Evaluation, and Simulation,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1337.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/8.

Retraction Notice: Adaptive Crossover And Mutation Mechanisms For Enhanced Lpb Algorithm Performance, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ahmed, Abbas M. and Rashid, Tarik A. (2025) ``Adaptive Crossover and Mutation Mechanisms for Enhanced LPB Algorithm Performance,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1323.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/48.