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The Scarlet - Volume Civ, No. 9 (March 20, 2026), Scarlet Staff

The Scarlet (Student Newspaper) (2011-present)

The March 20, 2026 edition of The Scarlet (est. 1939), Clark University's student-run newspaper. The Scarlet is intellectually and editorially independent of the University.

Effectiveness Of Peace Education And Recommendations For Implementation In The Sultanate Of Oman's School Curriculum, Vision 2040, Mohamed Al Braiki

Dissertations and Theses

This study explores peace education as an institutional process within the Sultanate of Oman's K–12 education system. Currently, Oman Vision 2040 articulates commitments to social cohesion, global citizenship, and holistic development. Existing empirical research indicates constant challenges related to bullying, student well-being, emotional distress, and school-related harm. This study conceptualizes peace education as a structural and relational mechanism embedded within institutional routines, leadership practices, and conflict-management responses. Using a qualitative integrative review design, the study examines peer-reviewed research, policy documents, and institutional analyses relevant to Oman, the Gulf region, and broader peace education scholarship. The analysis is guided by theoretical …

Photobiomodulation In Treatment Of Head And Neck Cancer-Related Chronic Lymphedema: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Jie Deng, John N. Lukens, Barbara A. Murphy, Erin Mcmenamin, Karthik Rajasekaran, Ryan J. Quinn, Joy C. Cohn, Wendy Schlessinger, Lucy P. Andersen, Bryan A. Spinelli, Alexander Lin

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphedema is a common late effect after completion of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment, contributing to substantial symptom burden and negatively impacting quality of life. No effective approaches are available to treat this progressive condition. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for chronic lymphedema in HNC survivors.

METHODS: This was a pilot, randomized, wait-list controlled trial. Eligible HNC survivors included those with chronic lymphedema after completion of complete decongestive therapy. Participants were randomized (1:1) to 1 of 2 arms: intervention group (active) or wait-list control group (control). The active group received …

Fenced And Feral: Farming And Spread Of Flowerhorn (Amphilophus Spp.) In Lake Sampaloc, Philippines, Janice A. Ragaza, Hannah Nicole Gasmen

Environmental Sustainability

This study examines the spread and ecological impact of invasive Flowerhorn cichlids (Amphilophus spp.) in Lake Sampaloc, Philippines, driven by both accidental release and intentional aquaculture practices. Field observations and literature reveal that these highly adaptable and aggressive fish outcompete native species, contributing to biodiversity decline amid increasing pollution, eutrophication, and microplastic contamination. Their phenotypic plasticity allows them to thrive in degraded environments, further exacerbating ecological imbalance. While local communities have begun utilizing Flowerhorns for ornamental trade and potential aquafeed production, such practices risk reinforcing their proliferation. The study highlights the need for integrated management strategies combining biosecurity, pollution control, …

Visual-Physiological Concordance And Target Vessel Outcomes: A Μqfr-Based Real-World Cohort Study, Yanfeng Lu, Abdulrahman Alqazzaz, Jasmine Bao, Gary S Mintz, Jiahao Feng, Yong Zhang, Shanshan Gao, Qiang Song, Feifei Ning, Wangge Ma, Haoyu Wu, Yuejiao Wei, Jiaying Li, Ning Guo, Xin Huang

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) offers a non-interventional alternative for evaluating ischemia, yet its concordance with real-world treatment and clinical outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the alignment between Murray law-based QFR (μQFR) physiological assessment and treatment strategies, evaluate the association between treatment concordance and clinical outcomes, and explore factors influencing concordance.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, 242 patients with angiographically intermediate coronary stenosis and μQFR values adjacent to the grey-zone (low: 0.70-0.74; high: 0.86-0.90) were included. Treatment concordance was defined as PCI for low μQFR and medication for high μQFR. The primary endpoint was target …

Pre-Operative Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization Increases The Risk Of 90-Day Medical And 2-Year Implant-Related Complications Following Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Analysis, Muhammad Hamza Ilyas, Tarishi Parmar, Zina Smadi, Viraj A. Deshpande, Akin A. Adio, Joseph A. Abboud, Hafiz F. Kassam

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Pre-operative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization has been associated with increased risk of post-operative infection and medical complications in lower-extremity arthroplasty; however, its impact on outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between MRSA colonization and early medical as well as mid-term implant-related complications after primary TSA.

METHODS: The TriNetX US Research Network was queried to identify primary TSA patients. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed using demographic characteristics and relevant comorbidities. Ninety-day medical complications, including readmission, emergency department utilization, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, stroke, sepsis, respiratory failure, …

Beyond Technical Performance: Preliminary Findings On Algorithm Aversion In Digital Library Environments, Hengyi Fu, Fenfang Cao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction. This study examines algorithm aversion in digital library contexts, where users increasingly encounter algorithm-enabled services. Prior research in healthcare and finance shows that users often resist algorithmic systems even when they outperform human alternatives, yet little is known about how this phenomenon manifests in the digital libraries context. Method. As part of an ongoing project, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 users from two Chinese universities. Participants were selected through theoretical sampling. Interviews were analysed using constructivist grounded theory. Analysis. Open and axial coding of the first 18 interviews produced 42 initial concepts organised into 16 categories under five …

Due Process And Press Credentialing, Nicole J. Ligon

Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Epidemiology And Follow-Up Adherence Of Ophthalmic Emergencies: A 10-Year Study At A Tertiary Medical Center In Taiwan, Tsung-Ying Tsai, Chunya Kang, Laura Liu, Nan-Kai Wang, Kuan-Jen Chen, Wei-Chi Wu, Chi-Chun Lai, Sunir J. Garg, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Yih-Shiou Hwang

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate factors influencing outpatient follow-up adherence among patients receiving ophthalmology consultations in the emergency department (ED).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study collected data from the Chang Gung Research Database. Patients who received ophthalmology consultations at the ED of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they completed outpatient follow-up within 28 days, a timeframe consistent with our hospital's scheduling policy. Demographics, ED visit timing, triage categories, ophthalmic diagnoses, prior visits, and …

Pressed For Time: The Role Of Time Pressure And Attentional Awareness On The Mental Health Of Employed Informal Dementia Caregivers, Kate Bishop

University Honors Theses

Informal caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD) experience increased time demands and poorer well-being, especially when caregiving is combined with paid employment. Subjective feelings of high time pressure, which include feeling rushed and short on time, relate to poorer self-reported measures of mental health more than objective task load. Attentional awareness is one of the fundamental components of mindfulness alongside nonjudgmental acceptance; it has been linked with more optimal mental health and feelings of having enough time. This cross-sectional study examined whether higher levels of perceived time pressure would relate to poorer self-reported mental health functioning and …

Survival Politics On A Working Waterfront: Rules Change Faster Than Prices In The South Texas Shrimp Fishery, Owen Temby, Anthony R. Lima

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

In 2024–2025, the U.S. and Texas governments raced to save Gulf shrimp. Texas passed a truth-in labeling law for food service in restaurants. Federal agencies added antidumping and countervailing duty orders and new tariffs. This case follows Brownsville and Port Isabel, where dock prices slid while boats and crews aged. We frame the response as survival politics: urgent and improvised moves to keep a livelihood going even when imports set the price. Using legislative hearings, agency notices, local reporting, and port records, we show that rules reset faster than prices. Inventories, contracts, and supplier substitution delay any lift at the …

Synthesis, Characterization, And Biological Potentials Of Chalcones Derivatives, Acer Juma Hamad, Hamdia Hateem Jawad, Kadhim Abdulwahid Aadim

Baghdad Science Journal

This work aims at synthesizing chalcone derivatives using Acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives as the primary components. The chalcone compounds [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] have been produced through Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, which involves combining benzaldehyde derivatives (such as 4-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-(dimethyl amino)benzaldehyde, and o-Nitro benzaldehyde) with acetophenone or its derivatives. This reaction takes place when an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and ethanol are combined at room temperature. The generated products were examined employing carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ¹³C-NMR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ¹H-NMR, ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR) spectroscopic techniques. Each compound was tested to determine how …

Quantitative Analysis Of Thiamine, Riboflavin, And Niacin Vitamins By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography In Pharmaceutical Sample Tablets And Drops, Sarra A. Abrahem, Suhad A. Ibrahim, Alaa Sh. Abdulbari, Noor M. Ali, Maryam Y. Hashim

Baghdad Science Journal

Levering cutting-edge high-performance liquid chromatography techniques with a C-18 column, we meticulously crafted a gradient of MeOH and glacial CH₃COOH (96–5%), pulsating through at a mesmerizing 1.2 ml/min. With ultraviolet detection at a precise wavelength of 245 nm, we unraveled the mysteries of these vital nutrients. Thiamine reveals itself at a retention time of 3.5 min, followed by Riboflavin at 8.1 min and Niacin at 10.8 min. The findings of this study were not just a spectacle of scientific powers but were also rigorously benchmarked against commercial drugs, ensuring accuracy and reliability in our analysis.

Distribution Of Some Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Patients Lying Icu In Al-Najaf /Iraq, Ghufran Rajab Taher, Ahlam Kadhim Alyasseen

Baghdad Science Journal

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen, affecting immunocompromised and critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). The emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) poses a threat due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study investigates the prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes among CRAB isolates from ICU patients at AL-Sadder hospital/ Najaf. Eight sputum specimens were collected from ICU patients suspected of A. baumannii. The isolates were identified through morphological, biochemical tests and the Vitek 2 Compact system. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the Vitek 2 Compact system (using AST card). only 5 A. baumannii isolates have been …

European Geosciences Union Honors Bianchi, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

From Data To Intelligence: A Review Of Recent Technological And Theoretical Advances In Computational Communication Science, Mengxiao Zhu, Zongting Ge, Jiaojiao Ji

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Against the backdrop of a platform society and the rise of multimodal content, communication processes are increasingly mediated by algorithms, while digital traces continue to expand in scale and granularity. Building on the 2009 and 2020 “computational social science” initiatives as an intellectual lineage, open science and testable evidence have gradually become field-wide norms. Building on prior work, this study traces a “actors–content–platforms/algorithms–audience–effects” pathway to clarify what computational communication studies and what its central questions are, and to review how artificial intelligence is used across the 5W elements of the pathway. We further review international institutionalization driven by scholarly societies …

The International Decade Of Sciences For Sustainable Development: Global Progress And China’S Actions, Lin Wang, Shaofeng Hu, Fan Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development (IDSSD, 2024–2033) was officially launched by the United Nations in 2024, with the aim of strengthening and demonstrating the central role of science in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and advancing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This study systematically reviews the development of IDSSD, its governance structure, mechanisms for project solicitation and endorsement, as well as the thematic and regional distribution of endorsed initiatives. On this basis, it assesses China’s current participation and potential opportunities. During the first call for initiatives, IDSSD received 221 proposals from 52 countries, with 109 …

Theoretical Construction And Practical Transformation Of “New Science Popularization” In Process Of Chinese Modernization, Ting Wang, Haonan Du, Tian Zhu, Shihui Yang, Rongting Zhou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Rooted in the historical context of China’s national strategy-driven science popularization (SP), this study analyzes the local practical integration of “science popularization” and “science and technology communication”. It proposes a theoretical framework for “new science popularization” suitable for a strong state-strong society collaborative governance environment, based on the fundamental hypotheses of “innovation-driven development”, “systemic coupling”, and “nodal creation”. The core argument introduces the “One Body, Two Wings; Three Layers, Three Stages” dynamic system model. This model elucidates how SP, under the unity of national strategy and human development, achieves a spiral evolution—from knowledge interconnection and literacy co-shaping to ecosystem co-creation—through …

Synergistic Strategies For Regional ‘Zero-Waste City’ Construction, Xiaolong Liu, Zongguo Wen, Yanyan Tang, Xiangwan Du

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

“Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” emphasizes deepening cross-administrative cooperation, and improving mechanisms for inter-regional planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing to promote regional linked development. While China’s “zero-waste city” initiative has achieved remarkable results, its long-term sustainability necessitates a shift towards coordinated regional synergy. This requires establishing enduring mechanisms for collaborative solid waste governance that transcend governmental, hierarchical, and departmental boundaries. The ultimate goal is to optimize the allocation of waste treatment resources between neighboring and even non-adjacent regions, foster a …

Research Progress On Economic Impact Of Animal Diseases, Zhen Xu, Haizhao Zhang, Zizhong Shi, Hui Zhou, Xiangdong Hu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Animal diseases not only pose significant challenges to the stable development of related industries such as livestock farming but also adversely affect the broader economic and social landscape. This paper presents the reviews on the current state of research both domestically and internationally, systematically presenting the advancements of the economic impacts of animal diseases. The findings reveal that, (1) the economic impacts of animal diseases can be categorized into direct and indirect effects; however, a unified analytical framework has yet to be established. The “Epidemiology-Economics” approach is the primary analytical method for assessing the economic impacts of animal diseases. (2) …

Plant-Based Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Slower Epigenetic Aging, Alexis C Wood, Audrey Ting, Morgan E Grams, Bing Yu, Kelly Ruggles, James S Floyd, Dan E Arking, Casey M Rebholz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Greater adherence to plant-based diets is associated with health benefits. Dietary intake can modify DNA methylation patterns, but it is unknown whether plant-based diets in a largely non-vegetarian population are associated with DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging measures. We examined the associations between 4 different types of plant-based diets indices (PDI) [overall PDI, provegetarian diet, healthy PDI, and unhealthy PDI] and epigenetic aging. We used data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (N=2,810) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, N=2,056). PDIs negatively scored higher intake of animal products and positively scored higher intake of all or selected …

Welcome To The Trump Administration’S Board Of Immigration Appeals. The Immigrant Always Loses., Jason A. Cade

Scholarly Works

The first 100 opinions in Volume 29 of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ precedential decisions—issued at more than three times the historical pace—constitute a project. The Trump Administration has used the Attorney General’s self-referral power and a reconstituted, ideologically aligned Board to engineer a body of precedents that reliably produces one result: removal. This Essay organizes these decisions, cataloged in a full Appendix, into five main categories: (1) narrowing relief for noncitizens alleging persecution; (2) expanding mandatory detention while narrowing discretionary release; (3) maximizing the immigration consequences of criminal history and related grounds while foreclosing the relief mechanisms Congress created …

Dartmouth Global Health Equity In Rwanda: An Oral History, Joseph Martinelli

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

After the genocide in Rwanda in 2014, there were as few as 100 physicians left to provide health care for the entire country. The Rwandan Ministry of Health reached out to US academic institutions for assistance in rebuilding capacity and educating Rwanda’s next generation of medical professionals. The Human Resources for Health (HRH) program in Rwanda was instituted and led by the Rwandan Ministry of Health with support from the Clinton Health Access Initiative. The Geisel School of Medicine led by its Center for Global Health Equity, participated in the HRH program in Rwanda, from 2012 to 2019. This oral …

Curricular Changes Proposed For 2025-2027 Morris Catalog, Curriculum Committee

Curriculum Committee Reports

Includes documentation on the discontinuation of Sociology, Geology, German Studies, and Latin American Area Studies (LAAS).

Multi-Objective Optimization Of Waste Incineration For Minimal Carbon Monoxide And Sulfur Dioxide Emission And Rate Maximization: A Case Study Of Mbezi, Mkuranga-Pwani, Tanzania, Grangay M. Nyanghura, Enock W. Nshama

Tanzania Journal of Science

Incineration is widely employed for hazardous waste disposal, but results in harmful flue gas emissions. This study optimizes a double-chamber incineration process to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions while maximizing the incineration rate. The effects of waste mass, primary chamber temperature (PT), and secondary chamber temperature (ST) were analyzed using a full factorial design of 27 experiments. ANOVA revealed that mass had the greatest impact on emissions and incineration time, ST had a moderate effect, and PT had little influence. Regression analysis provided models for incineration time, CO, and SO2 emissions. Single-objective optimization using sequential quadratic …

Comparative Study Of Cement-Rice Husk Ash Stabilized Bricks And Fired Clay Bricks, Daniel R. Samson, Emmanuel S. Leo

Tanzania Journal of Science

In some countries, fired clay bricks (FCBs) are widely used for construction, but their production is energy-intensive, relies largely on firewood, and contributes to deforestation and carbon emissions. This study explores unfired clay bricks stabilised with cement and rice husk ash (RHA) as a sustainable alternative, using Dakawa ward in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania, as a case study. The bricks, with a clay of plasticity index 17%, were stabilized with 6%, 10%, and 14% cement by mass, moulded into 40 mm cubes, and cured for 28 days. The compressive strengths achieved were 1.5, 3.6, and 4.1 MPa with water absorption …

Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) Pollination Enhances Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus) Yield In Kibaha Tanzania, Beatrice Tonola, Charles Olambo Joseph, Mkabwa L.K. Manoko, Shibonage K. Mashilingi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Honey bees are essential pollinators of the world’s food crops. However, information on the influence of honey bee pollination on watermelon yield is limited in Tanzania. This study assessed efficiency of honey bee pollination on watermelon yield. The study tested three improved watermelon varieties (Zebra F1, Candy F1 and Sukari F1) and three pollination environments: (Caged with Apis mellifera (CAM), Caged without insects (CW) and Open pollination (OP) in two seasons. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed no significant interaction between pollination environment and varieties. Significant difference …

Effects Of Substrate–Supplement Interactions On Yield Performance Of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus), Charles O. Joseph, Faraja Makwinja

Tanzania Journal of Science

Different substrates and supplements are used in mushroom production, however their interaction effects and growth variables affected is little known. This study was conducted to compare the effects of substrate-supplement interactions on growth and yield of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus. Two substrates (banana leaves and sawdust) and two supplements (chicken manure and sugar) were investigated. The substrates were reduced to 2 cm pieces and steam sterilized at 80–100°C for 3 hours. In each bag containing specific substrate, the supplements were added as 2% of the total substrate. The spawn was inoculated from each bag; misting was applied to maintain constant …

Heavy Metal Contamination In Agricultural Soils And Potential Human Health Risks, Debora Michael Mwenda, Leonard Masesa Jumanne, Daudi Salvius Mgaya, Amos Vincent Ntarisa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils is a growing concern due to potential human health risks via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. However, data on fertiliser-related contamination in rural Tanzanian settings remain limited. This study assessed contamination levels and associated health risks in Kibwabwa village, Iringa, Tanzania. A total of 48 soil samples were collected from eight farms at a depth of 0–15 cm. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Health risks were evaluated using chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) models …

The Synthesis Of Truth: Integrating Research-Based Science Education With The Restored Gospel At Brigham Young University, Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Spiritual Proficiency

Modern science education identifies six core principles for student engagement: active participation, inquiry, cognitive challenge, social interaction, meaningful context, and balanced guidance. While these principles are validated by secular research (e.g., Piaget, Vygotsky, Kolb), their implementation at Brigham Young University (BYU) takes on a unique dimension through the lens of the Restored Gospel of Jesus Christ. This paper argues that effective science education at BYU is not merely a pedagogical strategy but a spiritual imperative. By synthesizing scientific inquiry with divine revelation, learners transition from passive recipients of information to active agents of discovery, fulfilling the prophetic mandate to "seek …