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Coherence In The Fractal City, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Sahar Hilal Abdul Rida Al-Dujaili Apr 2026

Coherence In The Fractal City, Sanaa Sati Abbas, Sahar Hilal Abdul Rida Al-Dujaili

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This research is a second part of paper about the Fractal City. The research studies the coherence phenomenon in this city, which is one of its characters. The paper connects the urban coherence with the geometrical coherence through the theory of complexity which says that the large scale complex which is assembled from tightly interacting subunits on many different levels of scale is in a hierarchy going down to the natural structure of material. Also through the connection with the rules of geometrical coherence which are, the coupling, variety, boundaries, forces, organization, hierarchy, interdependency and decomposition. The case study was …

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Sources Of The Architectural Form And Its Specialization In Iraqi Architectural Education, Suha Haddan Aldahwia Apr 2026

Sources Of The Architectural Form And Its Specialization In Iraqi Architectural Education, Suha Haddan Aldahwia

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Many studies have concentrated on form sources in architecture according to manylundamentals in classification, which have been graduated from generality to specialty ofsubject. They have consisted of: Iheories of fbrm ,design kinds . design constraints ,designconceptual ipproaches , sources belongation and degrec of common source which hasproduled many different sources according to these studiesTl.rese many approaches about architecture form sources and misunderstanding them in1.aqi architecturai-teachinghave led to appearance of the research problem (There is_ n^o clearidea about the nature ofdlpendent souries { from students} to drive the architectural form inlraqi architectural schools). The research objective is to define an comprehensive …

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Simple Method For Achieving The Balance Between Design And Clidieatic Requirements, Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi, Younis Saleem Apr 2026

Simple Method For Achieving The Balance Between Design And Clidieatic Requirements, Miqdad Haidar Al-Jawadi, Younis Saleem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In this paper simple method were presented to assist architect to be closer and suitable inhis design to the climate of Iraq.For that reference models presented and given as a guide, so that as much as his design becloser to the basis of the design of the model. his design become more efficient from climaticpoint of view.In this stage the presented reference models are not the ideal models, but they can beconsidered as a possible level of design could be achieved by ordinary designers. Architectsqualified in climatic design do not need to have reference models.

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Ferrocement Structural Elements In Building/Housing Applications, Wail N. Al-Rifaie Apr 2026

Ferrocement Structural Elements In Building/Housing Applications, Wail N. Al-Rifaie

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The use of ferrocement in pre-fabrication of building/housing offers numerous advantages in temrs oflightness ofrveight and ease ofhandling. low labour cost and a durable material requiring little maintenance.A considerable amount of laboratory testing research and prototype constructions have been completed at the Building and Construction Eng. Dept. of University of Technology for the production of ferrocement members that would be used in the roof/floor/wall of building/housing. The present .paper describes the applications of ferrocement to housing/building constructions.

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Frontmatter, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law Apr 2026

Frontmatter, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Right To Life, Right To Arms: Conservative States' Antithetical Approaches To Abortion And Gun Laws, Kristen Mehalko Apr 2026

Right To Life, Right To Arms: Conservative States' Antithetical Approaches To Abortion And Gun Laws, Kristen Mehalko

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

Following Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization and New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, twelve states enacted total abortion bans while simultaneously maintaining among the weakest gun safety laws in the nation. This Note explores the policy contradiction inherent in this approach: states invoking fetal life protection experience gun death rates substantially exceeding national averages, with firearms becoming the leading cause of death for children in these jurisdictions. The Note reveals how these states employ divergent strategies across two policy domains. Abortion restrictions receive vigorous enforcement through criminal statutes and private liability mechanisms, whereas gun regulations face …

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Volume 36 Cover, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law Apr 2026

Volume 36 Cover, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Waking Up From The Resident Duty-Hour Nightmare, Olivia Jack Apr 2026

Waking Up From The Resident Duty-Hour Nightmare, Olivia Jack

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

Lengthy, grueling hours have long been the tradition for physicians-in-training, but resident exhaustion is a threat to patient and resident safety in the United States. This Note outlines the historical development of resident duty-hour regulation and examines the political and professional forces that continue to shape the current system. It argues that the current accreditation-based approach, that nearly all states rely on, inadequately protects residents and patients. This Note proposes several legislative and regulatory solutions, but suggests that in this moment of history, states are uniquely positioned to fill the regulatory gap. Such solutions include mandatory automated duty-hour tracking, regular …

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It's Magic?: Ozempic, Addiction Treatment, And The Law, Amandeep S. Grewal Apr 2026

It's Magic?: Ozempic, Addiction Treatment, And The Law, Amandeep S. Grewal

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

The world may finally have a cure for drug addiction: Ozempic. That drug, popularly used for weight loss treatment, has spawned miracles for many patients. Their cravings for alcohol, opioids, nicotine and other addictive substances have disappeared along with their waistlines. But the legal system might not be ready to handle Ozempic. Some laws and policies discourage medication-assisted addiction treatment, especially in drug court systems. Drug court participants often face pressure to achieve sobriety through Alcoholics Anonymous and other twelve-step programs, rather than with medical assistance. Legal scholars and harm reduction advocates probably go too far in the other direction. …

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Stop Preventing Prevention: Securing Minors' Access To Hiv Care, Sarah Steadman Apr 2026

Stop Preventing Prevention: Securing Minors' Access To Hiv Care, Sarah Steadman

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

A troubling state legislative trend is emerging, marked by regressive restrictions on minors’ sexual health care autonomy, which increases their risk of HIV infection. This trend aligns with the current political hostility towards access to reproductive health care, including minors’ access to contraceptives. Access to HIV preventive care may become collateral damage as politicized parental control legislation aims to roll back established norms that recognized the public health imperative of allowing minorsto independently consent to sexual health care, including HIV testing and treatment, thereby encouraging their uptake. This backsliding is occurring as rates of HIV infection among youth are unacceptably …

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At The Intersection Of Medicine And Dentistry- How Vcu Redefines The Comprehensive Care Model, Vanessa Sturz Dds Apr 2026

At The Intersection Of Medicine And Dentistry- How Vcu Redefines The Comprehensive Care Model, Vanessa Sturz Dds

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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Elephants Fighting, Richard F. Roadcap Dds Apr 2026

Elephants Fighting, Richard F. Roadcap Dds

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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Va Dent J January, February And March 2021 Apr 2026

Va Dent J January, February And March 2021

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Quantification Methods Applied To Overlapping Ftir Features, Benjamin P. Diehl Apr 2026

Evaluation Of Quantification Methods Applied To Overlapping Ftir Features, Benjamin P. Diehl

Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)

Quantifying overlapping FTIR spectral features is critical for electrochemical analysis but often requires complex deconvolution. This work systematically evaluates several area ratio and proxy-based quantification methods using a controlled synthetic spectral model with varying signal-to-noise ratio, peak spacing, width, background, and data resolution. Constrained peak fitting and fixed-window integration consistently exhibit near-perfect monotonicity (Spearman ≈ 1.000) and linearity (Pearson ≈ 0.999–1.000) across all conditions. In contrast, derivative and moment-based metrics show sensitivity to peak overlap, width, and background. These results demonstrate that physically grounded area-based methods provide the most robust and reliable quantification of overlapping FTIR features.

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Governing Addiction: An Anthropological Comparison Of Care In The United States And The Netherlands, Kiren K. Bagga Apr 2026

Governing Addiction: An Anthropological Comparison Of Care In The United States And The Netherlands, Kiren K. Bagga

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This article examines addiction care as a form of moral governance through a comparative anthropological analysis of the United States and the Netherlands. Drawing on a Foucauldian theory of biopolitics alongside this study argues that approaches to addiction treatment reveal how states differentially value life, citizenship, and vulnerability. Joan Tronto's relational definition of ethical care is used to move beyond a solely moral context, towards an ethical understanding of both caretakers and those who require care. In the United States, addiction policy has historically functioned as a punitive and moralizing project, shaped by racialized drug criminalization, neoliberal ideals of individual …

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Exploring Health Policy As A Critical Mechanism Of Expression Of Right-Wing Government Policy, Aleisha Martinez Sandoval Apr 2026

Exploring Health Policy As A Critical Mechanism Of Expression Of Right-Wing Government Policy, Aleisha Martinez Sandoval

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Global health policy has long been viewed as a “softer” arena of politics, driven by cooperation rather than competition. Unlike economics or defense, nations in this sphere have often set aside ideological differences to improve human well-being. Yet right-wing governments (RWGs) are increasingly redefining this space, transforming it from an international project of solidarity into a strategic platform for advancing core ideological commitments. In this thesis, I examine how healthcare has become a critical site where the foundational tenets of RWGs—hierarchy, tradition, market liberalism, sovereignty, law and order, and populist nativism—are vividly enacted and reinforced. What was once a domain …

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Executive Retrenchment: An Exploration Of Gender Identity Policy In The Second Trump Administration, Robert H. Cropp Apr 2026

Executive Retrenchment: An Exploration Of Gender Identity Policy In The Second Trump Administration, Robert H. Cropp

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

President Trump’s use of executive orders to influence federal policy regarding gender identity has primarily sought to undo existing rights and protections of transgender and gender non-conforming Americans put in place by previous Democratic administrations. These policies have been variably successful in their aims despite widespread resistance from interests supporting those existing policies. Scholars have discussed the role of institutional resistance in cases of policy retrenchment primarily through electoral mechanisms, but such discussions do not consider the role of the executive branch in policy retrenchment and its unique insulation from electoral feedback. This thesis centers those considerations in the case …

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Female Genital Cutting In American Foreign Policy – Proposal For Harm Reduction, Charlotte Racine Apr 2026

Female Genital Cutting In American Foreign Policy – Proposal For Harm Reduction, Charlotte Racine

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation (FGC/M) has gained international attention as an issue of human rights and violence against women and girls. The United States, as a leading world power, has openly opposed its practice and actively condemns it in communities and countries of the Global South, yet it fails to oppose or condemn as staunchly identical procedures within its borders. The simultaneous condemnation of FGC when it occurs in “undeveloped” countries and acceptance of American procedures like cosmetic genital modification surgeries, male circumcision, and “corrective” surgeries on intersex infants produces a narrative of cultural superiority and imperialism that harms the international …

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Education And Voter Turnout: Absolute Vs. Relative Effects In 2020, Maya A. Welland Apr 2026

Education And Voter Turnout: Absolute Vs. Relative Effects In 2020, Maya A. Welland

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This study examines whether absolute or relative education more strongly predicts individual-level voter turnout in the November 2020 presidential election. Absolute education is measured as total educational attainment, while relative education captures an individual’s educational rank among their birth cohort. Using data from the 2020 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplement, I construct both measures and estimate bivariate and multivariate linear regression models for U.S. citizens aged 25 and older. The results show that increases in both absolute and relative education are positively and significantly associated with voting. However, when included in the same multivariate model, absolute education remains …

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Money And State Politics: State Legislature Partisan Dynamics And Ideology Outcomes Following Citizens United V. Fec, Jillian E. Pastore Apr 2026

Money And State Politics: State Legislature Partisan Dynamics And Ideology Outcomes Following Citizens United V. Fec, Jillian E. Pastore

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

What effect has Citizens United v. FEC had on state-level partisanship and the policy outcomes that follow from it? Scholarship on the influence of corporate and union spending in political campaigns has largely centered on federal elections. In this paper, I extend the analysis to the state level, leveraging the fact that Citizens United created a natural experiment across the states. Prior to the Supreme Court ruling, roughly half of the states prohibited corporate and union independent expenditures in state elections (including for governor, state senate, state house, and state supreme court races). The Citizens United decision effectively nullified these …

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Prosecutorial Discretion: The Effect Of Social Dominance Orientation (Sdo) And Right-Wing Authoritarianism (Rwa) On Understanding And Support Among Americans, Jamie Shelton Apr 2026

Prosecutorial Discretion: The Effect Of Social Dominance Orientation (Sdo) And Right-Wing Authoritarianism (Rwa) On Understanding And Support Among Americans, Jamie Shelton

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

The U.S. prison system is plagued by an overrepresentation of the country’s residents, at twenty percent of the world’s prison population. The discretion of prosecutors to determine when and which charges to file has been linked to the immense prison growth of the U.S. since the late 1970s, especially given their lack of judicial and public oversight. In this study, participants were asked to answer survey questions made up of four scales: knowledge of the prosecutorial role (Prosecutor Knowledge), support for policy curtailing prosecutorial discretion (Policy Support), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). Findings included significant results for …

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Where India Sits In International Political Economy, Sophia Usmani Apr 2026

Where India Sits In International Political Economy, Sophia Usmani

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This paper observes the scholarship of international political economy regarding the involvement and consideration of the Global South, focusing on India. It focuses on India's historic involvement in the global economy, and how that role has changed and adapted over time. This paper aims to bring India into the foreground of discussions on international political economy, and address the historic contributions and major political and economic events in the country.

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Economic Security And Strategic Rivalry: Industrial Policy And The U.S.–China Security Dilemma, Nurielle Rahav Apr 2026

Economic Security And Strategic Rivalry: Industrial Policy And The U.S.–China Security Dilemma, Nurielle Rahav

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

In an era of geopolitical competition and technological dominance, industrial policy has reemerged as a crucial tool of economic strategy in both the United States and China. Industrial policies, particularly in the advanced manufacturing sector, were formerly understood as tools for strengthening the domestic economy. However, against the backdrop of the U.S.–China trade war, new industrial policies carry significant geopolitical implications. This paper argues that industrial policy intensifies the U.S.–China security dilemma, as both governments increasingly interpret economic self-sufficiency in advanced manufacturing as a matter of national security. Through an analysis of two cases, the U.S. CHIPS and Science Act …

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Kissing Up, Kicking Down: How Brics Enables South African Sub-Imperialism, Karan Kuppa-Apte Apr 2026

Kissing Up, Kicking Down: How Brics Enables South African Sub-Imperialism, Karan Kuppa-Apte

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

South Africa has framed its BRICS membership as a strategic pivot from the West to the Global South. However, the country remains close to the Western-led order and reproduces unequal economic relations with its regional neighbors. This paper argues that South Africa's inability to break its dependency on the West and reorient itself towards BRICS is caused by an elite-driven approach to IPE that deepens longstanding dependencies, feeds into corruption, and encourages accumulation by dispossession. After establishing a theoretical framework based on dependency theory, world systems theory, and sub-imperialism, this paper identifies the minerals-energy complex (MEC), neoliberal post-apartheid reforms, and …

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Weaknesses Of Opponents, Strengths Of The Taliban: The Success Of The Taliban Insurgency, Isabella Ryan Apr 2026

Weaknesses Of Opponents, Strengths Of The Taliban: The Success Of The Taliban Insurgency, Isabella Ryan

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

How did the Taliban insurgency succeed in gaining control of the Afghan state in 2021 following the collapse of the Taliban regime in 2001? This paper argues that the Taliban’s success resulted from two key dynamics: the weaknesses of opponents and strengths of the Taliban. The Afghan State was undermined by governance failures including the 2004 Constitution, overcentralization, lack of rural governance, corruption, and a dependence on foreign aid. These internal weaknesses were compounded by international policy failures, including the Bonn Agreement, inconsistent counterinsurgency (COIN) and counterterrorism (CT) strategies, the failed peace process design embedded in the Doha Agreement, and …

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Guerillas, Manpads, And How To Shift A Conflict In Favor Of The Weaker Side, Augustus Mfxu Giller Apr 2026

Guerillas, Manpads, And How To Shift A Conflict In Favor Of The Weaker Side, Augustus Mfxu Giller

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

The Soviet Afghan War has emerged in popular culture and scholarship as a quintessential case of an innovative and superior technology being able to foil an enemy that would have otherwise emerged as the victor of a conflict. This is almost always in reference to the Afghan Mujahedin being able to counter technologically superior Soviet MI-24 Gunship Helicopters with American heat-seeking missiles. However, this assumption is largely shortsighted to the actual dynamics present in the Soviet Afghan conflict. Specifically, the failure to understand how an unconventional conflict like the Soviet Afghan war is fought, and an ineffective assessment of the …

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Everybody Wants To Rule The World: How Ballistic Missile Defenses Can Reduce The Risk Of War, Aanya Ghosh Apr 2026

Everybody Wants To Rule The World: How Ballistic Missile Defenses Can Reduce The Risk Of War, Aanya Ghosh

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Debates over ballistic missile defense often assume that defensive capability inherently destabilizes deterrence by eroding mutual vulnerability. This article challenges that assumption by arguing that the strategic effects of missile defense are neither predetermined nor uniform. Limited and layered defensive systems generate two simultaneous pressures: stabilizing deterrence-by-denial effects against limited coercive threats and destabilizing uncertainty regarding long-term retaliatory viability. Which mechanism prevails depends not on defensive technology alone, but on policy design—specifically system scale, doctrinal framing, and integration within the broader offense-defense relationship. Drawing on classical deterrence theory, offense-defense scholarship, and contemporary analyses by Roberts, Wilkening, and Daalder, Goldgeier, and …

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Constitutionalization Of The Right To Vote: The Necessity For Democracy, Hanmo Yang Apr 2026

Constitutionalization Of The Right To Vote: The Necessity For Democracy, Hanmo Yang

Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research

The Civic Debate Consortium is an intercollegiate debate conference dedicated to serving as a “hub of inspiration, innovation, education and civic engagement” (Civic Debate Consortium, n.d.) through productive dialogue. The Social Justice Debates are one of the consortium's competitive series, focused on discussing the distribution of wealth and resources in U.S. society. For the 2025-2026 debate season, debaters researched for or against the motion: “The United States should Constitutionalize the Right to Vote.” First affirmative speeches begin by defining the terms of the round, listing contentions to the argument, and then providing analysis to support the contentions. This paper serves …

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Overdue – Virginia Adult Medicaid Expansion, Ryan Dunn Apr 2026

Overdue – Virginia Adult Medicaid Expansion, Ryan Dunn

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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20 Oral Surgery Gems Learned After Dental School, Harold G. Speer, Jr. Dds, Grace E. Speer Dds Apr 2026

20 Oral Surgery Gems Learned After Dental School, Harold G. Speer, Jr. Dds, Grace E. Speer Dds

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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