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The Small Reveal: The Identity Of Beethoven’S Brutus Bust, Scott Messing Oct 2026

The Small Reveal: The Identity Of Beethoven’S Brutus Bust, Scott Messing

The Beethoven Journal

Currently displayed in the Beethoven-Haus in Bonn is a bust labeled “Luc. Brutus,” referring to Lucius Junius Brutus, the Roman republic’s first consul. Beethoven’s purported ownership of this porcelain figure is not beyond question, following its first mention by Anton Schindler in the third edition (1860) of his Beethoven biography. Its prior history, however, is unknown. Even so, scholars have invoked it, owing to this ancient official’s extreme means to preserve the republic: he condemned his two sons to death for conspiring to overthrow the regime. Writers have linked this remarkable act of rescuing the state from the threat of …


Beethoven, Caspar Peucer’S Commentarius, And Enchanted Nature, Nicholas Chong Oct 2026

Beethoven, Caspar Peucer’S Commentarius, And Enchanted Nature, Nicholas Chong

The Beethoven Journal

The posthumous inventory of Beethoven’s library includes a late Renaissance treatise by Caspar Peucer (1525–1602) entitled Commentarius de præcipuis generibus divinationum (Commentary on the main types of divination). Peucer’s text is concerned mainly with methods of predicting the future through such practices as magic, astrology, and the reading of oracles. Neither Peucer nor his treatise is mentioned in any other source associated with Beethoven. The composer also had a limited knowledge of Latin and his copy of Peucer’s text was more than two centuries old.

Previous scholarship has not explored Beethoven’s ownership of this book in any detail, except to …


Refereed Research - Hybrid Institutional Co-Adaptation From Subsistence To Resource-Rich Markets: A Study Of Refugee Farmers In The United States, Priyanka Jayashankar Dr, Rifka Verma Oct 2026

Refereed Research - Hybrid Institutional Co-Adaptation From Subsistence To Resource-Rich Markets: A Study Of Refugee Farmers In The United States, Priyanka Jayashankar Dr, Rifka Verma

Subsistence Marketplaces

This paper investigates how refugee farmers from subsistence contexts navigate and establish themselves in U.S. agricultural markets through hybrid institutional co-adaptation. We analyse qualitative data from focus groups and interviews with refugee farmers from the African continent and agricultural value chain stakeholders across the Midwest. We derive a multi-stage process consisting of institutional sensemaking, pushback during market navigation, hybrid institutional co-adaptation and market legitimacy.


Awards & Recognition Oct 2026

Awards & Recognition

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.


Let’S Get Rad-Ical- The Role Of Ethics In X-Rays, Robert Morrison Dmd Oct 2026

Let’S Get Rad-Ical- The Role Of Ethics In X-Rays, Robert Morrison Dmd

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.


Va Dent J October, November And December 2026 Oct 2026

Va Dent J October, November And December 2026

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.


Ai-Generated Phishing Attacks: Emerging Threats And Detection Strategies For Security Operations Centers, Bahzad Khalid Oct 2026

Ai-Generated Phishing Attacks: Emerging Threats And Detection Strategies For Security Operations Centers, Bahzad Khalid

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming cybersecurity by strengthening defensive capabilities while simultaneously enabling more sophisticated phishing attacks. AI generated phishing emails increasingly evade traditional detection methods through improved grammar, contextual relevance and realistic communication styles creating significant challenges for Security Operations Centers (SOCs). This study investigates the effectiveness of current email security systems in detecting AI generated phishing emails compared with traditional phishing emails. A mixed method experimental approach was employed using controlled Gmail and Outlook environments to evaluate the detection and classification of multiple phishing scenarios. The results demonstrate that several AI generated phishing emails successfully bypassed initial security …


Survival, Peri-Implant Tissue Stability, And Esthetics Of Tissue-Level Zirconia Implants After Titanium Implant Explantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Etyene Schnurr Oct 2026

Survival, Peri-Implant Tissue Stability, And Esthetics Of Tissue-Level Zirconia Implants After Titanium Implant Explantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Etyene Schnurr

Articles in Press

No abstract provided.


Dental Developmental Abnormalities In Children Following Contemporary Chemotherapy And Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Li-Wei Ou- Yang Oct 2026

Dental Developmental Abnormalities In Children Following Contemporary Chemotherapy And Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Li-Wei Ou- Yang

Articles in Press

No abstract provided.


Transitional Services Provided For Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study Of The Perspective Of Their Teachers, Ghaniah Ibrahim Ain Oct 2026

Transitional Services Provided For Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study Of The Perspective Of Their Teachers, Ghaniah Ibrahim Ain

University of Bisha Journal for Educational Sciences

This study explored transitional services for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia from teachers’ perspectives, focusing on service planning, implementation barriers, influential professional experiences, and differences across school stages. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. The quantitative sample included 256 teachers (64 male, 192 female): 152 primary, 80 middle, and 24 secondary teachers. Participants completed a researcher-developed questionnaire (2026). The qualitative sample comprised nine teachers purposively selected from survey respondents across five Saudi cities and interviewed remotely using semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached. Results indicated that planning and preparation of transitional services were perceived …


From Syntax To Semantics: An Agentic Rag Framework For Autonomous Iam Least Privilege Governance, Sameesh Bedi Oct 2026

From Syntax To Semantics: An Agentic Rag Framework For Autonomous Iam Least Privilege Governance, Sameesh Bedi

Defensive Publications Series

Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) is foundational to cloud security. Maintaining the principle of least privilege (PoLP) in complex cloud environments remains a significant challenge for modern enterprises.Tools like AWS IAM Access Analyzer are genuinely good at what they do: catching public access, unused permissions, anything a policy technically allows that it probably shouldn't. But "technically allowed" and "actually intended" are not the same question, and no amount of formal verification can answer the second one on its own. A permission can pass every reachability check a system throws at it and still contradict what the business actually approved …


Molecular Prevalence And Determinants Of Adenovirus And Norovirus Among Diarrhoeic Children In Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, Mutiat Busayo Odebisi-Omokanye, Suleiman Muhammed Mustapha, Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman, Augustine Okechukwu Udeze, Abdulbasit Bolaji Ajibade Oct 2026

Molecular Prevalence And Determinants Of Adenovirus And Norovirus Among Diarrhoeic Children In Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, Mutiat Busayo Odebisi-Omokanye, Suleiman Muhammed Mustapha, Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman, Augustine Okechukwu Udeze, Abdulbasit Bolaji Ajibade

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Viral gastroenteritis remains a major public health concern and a leading cause of morbidity among children under five worldwide. Adenovirus (Adv) and Norovirus (Nv) are important etiological agents, yet data on their prevalence and determinants in North-central Nigeria are limited. A cross-sectional study involving 100 children under 5 years with acute diarrhoea was conducted at the Children’s Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State between February to December, 2024. Virus detection was performed using qPCR, while a semi-structured questionnaire collected sociodemographic and environmental data. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Adenovirus prevalence was high (71%), while Norovirus GI …


Efficacy Of Submucosal Hydrocortisone Injection Versus Normal Saline In Third Molar Surgery, Lana Saeed Abdul Sada, Sabah Abdul Rasool Hammoodi Oct 2026

Efficacy Of Submucosal Hydrocortisone Injection Versus Normal Saline In Third Molar Surgery, Lana Saeed Abdul Sada, Sabah Abdul Rasool Hammoodi

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: It is well recognized that corticosteroids lessen edema, fluid transudation, and inflammation. These substances, which are released by the adrenal glands, are important for sustaining metabolism. Their anti-inflammatory properties are among their most important functions.

Methodology: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Twenty patients requiring surgical removal impacted third molar participated in the trial. The patients were split into two groups of 10 at random: Group I received a submucosal injection of hydrocortisone, and following the establishment of local anesthetic, Group II (the placebo group) was given a submucosal injection of normal saline. Postoperative sequelae were assessed on the second …


Bioactive Resin-Based Composites For Direct Posterior Restorations: A Contemporary Narrative Review, Ruaa Neamah Muslim, Ghadeer Shakir Shabaa, Wasan Abdulridha Hasan Oct 2026

Bioactive Resin-Based Composites For Direct Posterior Restorations: A Contemporary Narrative Review, Ruaa Neamah Muslim, Ghadeer Shakir Shabaa, Wasan Abdulridha Hasan

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background and Rationale: Failure of dental restorations due to secondary caries remains one of the common problems in restorative dentistry. In order to solve the shortcomings of conventional bioinert materials, bioactive composite resins have recently been developed, allowing fluoride, calcium, and phosphate ion delivery as well as reducing the acidic activity of biofilm.

Aim of the Review: This literature review evaluates chemistry, mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, and physical handling properties of resin-based bioactive materials used for direct posterior restoration in permanent dentition.

Material Categories Examined: This literature review includes such material categories as resin-modified glass ionomers, S-PRG-giomers …


Fmea Reveals Ppe Noncompliance As The Priority Grinding Machine Accident Risk In An Indonesian Vocational School Workshop, Salman Fawwas Albaihaqi, Marsono Marsono, Imam Muhtarom, Mingchang Wu Oct 2026

Fmea Reveals Ppe Noncompliance As The Priority Grinding Machine Accident Risk In An Indonesian Vocational School Workshop, Salman Fawwas Albaihaqi, Marsono Marsono, Imam Muhtarom, Mingchang Wu

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in vocational school workshops represents an urgent priority given that students interact directly with high-risk equipment such as grinding machines, yet often demonstrate low compliance with safety protocols. This research aims to identify failure modes on grinding machines in SMKN 1 Jenangan workshop and formulate evidence-based risk control recommendations. A quantitative descriptive approach using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was employed, involving 10 purposively selected respondents (practical instructors and technicians). The research instrument was validated using Content Validity Index (CVI) by three experts in occupational safety and mechanical engineering. Results identified 15 failure modes …


Role Of Oxidative Stress In Male And Female Infertility: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, And Therapeutic Perspectives., Saud N.A. Oct 2026

Role Of Oxidative Stress In Male And Female Infertility: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, And Therapeutic Perspectives., Saud N.A.

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Infertility is a multifaceted reproductive disorder that affects about 15% of couples and constitutes a significant health burden with medical, psychological and socioeconomic implications. Historically, infertility has been linked to anatomical, hormonal and genetic defects; however, recent research has shown that oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathophysiology of male and female infertility. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can interfere with spermatogenesis, inhibit oocyte maturation and cause DNA damage, resulting in impaired embryo quality. Further, oxidative stress has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of apoptosis and inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and nuclear …


Pre-Procedural State Anxiety In Patients Scheduled For Colonoscopy, Zahraa Kareem Mansoor Al-Saady, Mohammed Hakim Shamran Al-Hchaim Oct 2026

Pre-Procedural State Anxiety In Patients Scheduled For Colonoscopy, Zahraa Kareem Mansoor Al-Saady, Mohammed Hakim Shamran Al-Hchaim

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Anxiety is a common issue among patients undergoing invasive medical procedures such as colonoscopy because of concerns regarding the procedure itself and its possible results. High levels of anxiety can negatively affect patient readiness and cooperation during the examination, thereby influencing the quality and outcome of the procedure.

Study objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of pre-procedural anxiety among patients scheduled for colonoscopy and examine the association between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and anxiety levels.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from patients undergoing colonoscopy. A validated and comprehensive questionnaire tailored for individuals …


Effects Of A Program Promoting Advance Care Planning And Reducing Death Anxiety Among Thai Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Thanarak Boonkerd, Yaowarat Matchim, Pattharawin Pattharanitima, Saowalak Khakhong Oct 2026

Effects Of A Program Promoting Advance Care Planning And Reducing Death Anxiety Among Thai Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Thanarak Boonkerd, Yaowarat Matchim, Pattharawin Pattharanitima, Saowalak Khakhong

Journal of Health Research

Background: Patients on hemodialysis face severe physical and psychological strain, including death anxiety. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, we assessed a program to increase patients’ intention to engage in advance care planning (ACP) and reduce death anxiety.

Methods: In a single-blind randomized controlled trial at a tertiary-care hospital in Thailand, patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group (n = 33, each group). The intervention comprised a 2-week ACP promotion program including an educational video, a discussion card game, and individualized counseling. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention (Week 2), and …


Role Of Perceived Control Over Falls In Older Adults, Kanjanaporn Tantrongphak, Kanthee Anantapong, Duangporn Suriyaamarit Oct 2026

Role Of Perceived Control Over Falls In Older Adults, Kanjanaporn Tantrongphak, Kanthee Anantapong, Duangporn Suriyaamarit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Falls among older adults constitute a significant public health challenge, often leading to severe physical injuries, reduced independence, and a diminished quality of life. Perceived control, a critical psychological construct, plays a significant role in sustaining physical health, cognitive function, and overall life satisfaction and is strongly associated with positive health outcomes. This review aims to examine the role of perceived control in fall risk among older adults. Concern about falling (CaF) is a prevalent psychological factor that influences fall risk by impacting behaviors linked to physical activity, balance, and adaptive responses. Perceived control theory provides a framework for understanding …


Pre-Excited Atrial Fibrillation In A Woman With Minimal Pre-Excitation: A Case Report, Komsing Methavigul Oct 2026

Pre-Excited Atrial Fibrillation In A Woman With Minimal Pre-Excitation: A Case Report, Komsing Methavigul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Introduction: A 46-year-old Thai woman presented with palpitation. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) showed rapid rate of preexcited atrial fibrillation (AF). The subsequent ECG after electrical cardioversion demonstrated minimal preexcitation with short PR interval, and apparently small delta waves only in leads II, III, V4, and V5. An electrophysiologic study was performed and showed sinus rhythm with short H-V interval compatible with preexcitation. A programmed electrical stimulation showed orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia utilizing left lateral accessory pathway. The catheter ablation was successfully performed via retrograde aortic approach to left lateral accessory pathway. There was no recurrence of …


Covid-19 Vaccination Is Associated With Lower Mortality And Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Julian Madrid Oct 2026

Covid-19 Vaccination Is Associated With Lower Mortality And Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Julian Madrid

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background:

The development of vaccines has played a significant role in managing the pandemic of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center cohort study included hospitalized COVID-19 patients with confirmed vaccination status from July 2021 to February 2022. Outcomes such as mortality and ICU admission were evaluated using clinical data. We used logistic regression and advanced statistical methods, including LASSO regression, to analyze differences in hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on vaccination status.

Results:

The study encompassed 167 patients (69% male, mean …


The Economics Of Calving Interval, David Secrist Oct 2026

The Economics Of Calving Interval, David Secrist

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information on cow reproductive efficiency to increase ranch profitability. It discusses monitoring the herd, heifers, mature cows, and calf prices.


Parenting Experiences Of Formerly Detained Immigrant Mothers From The Northern Triangle Of Central America In The United States, Tatiana Londoño, Eva González Villanueva, Lauren E. Gulbas, Luis H. Zayas Oct 2026

Parenting Experiences Of Formerly Detained Immigrant Mothers From The Northern Triangle Of Central America In The United States, Tatiana Londoño, Eva González Villanueva, Lauren E. Gulbas, Luis H. Zayas

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

This study explored the parenting experiences of formerly detained immigrant mothers in the United States. Using a grounded theory approach, we conducted interviews with 15 mothers from the Northern Triangle of Central America. Mothers described how their wellbeing, parenting practices, and family dynamics were shaped by migration. They reported distress over migration hardships and current stressors, yet their determination to build a better future for their children fostered resilience. Social support mitigated stress, enhanced parenting competence, and improved communication. Parenting practices varied across families. Many mothers adopted the role of la asesora, the advisor who guides, teaches, and counsels …


Antiplatelet Therapy In 2026: P2y12 And Cox Inhibition In Cardiogenic Shock: A Narrative Review, Phillip Weeks Oct 2026

Antiplatelet Therapy In 2026: P2y12 And Cox Inhibition In Cardiogenic Shock: A Narrative Review, Phillip Weeks

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

Antiplatelet therapy is critical in patients with acute coronary syndromes experiencing cardiogenic shock (CS) to prevent stent thrombosis and reduce the risk of major adverse cardiac events. Its role is particularly important after percutaneous revascularization; however, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of antiplatelet therapy may be significantly altered in patients who experience CS. This narrative review discusses the pathophysiologic changes associated with CS that affect antiplatelet agents and provides a concise overview of the related literature on P2Y12 inhibitor selection and the role of aspirin after percutaneous revascularization in this high-risk population.


Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Chitosan And Zinc Oxide Coating Reinforced With Polysulfone On Copper As A Platform For Electrochemical Formaldehyde Sensing, Anceu Murniati Anm, Rahmat Saputra Rs, Arie Hardian Ah, Manty Aldilani Ikaningsih Mai, Moh Haifan Haifan Oct 2026

Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Chitosan And Zinc Oxide Coating Reinforced With Polysulfone On Copper As A Platform For Electrochemical Formaldehyde Sensing, Anceu Murniati Anm, Rahmat Saputra Rs, Arie Hardian Ah, Manty Aldilani Ikaningsih Mai, Moh Haifan Haifan

Chimica et Natura Acta

Formaldehyde monitoring requires electrochemical platforms with stable structures and reliable interfacial responses. This study aimed to prepare and characterize a Cu|CS–GLA/ZnO–PSf composite film on a copper substrate as a platform for further formaldehyde-sensing development. The film was characterized using FTIR, SEM–EDX, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. FTIR supported the presence of features associated with chitosan, imine, polysulfone, and Zn–O, while SEM–EDX revealed a heterogeneous polymer-rich coating with Zn- and O-containing domains distributed non-uniformly. XRD indicated a predominantly amorphous or poorly crystalline structure. Cyclic voltammetry showed scan-rate-dependent peak separations, with ΔEp increasing from 0.632 to 0.777 V in citrate buffer and from …


Editorial: Innovations In Dementia Policies And Services, Walter D. Dawson, Alison J. Canty, Joaquín Migeot, Laura O'Philbin, Sherril B. Gelmon Oct 2026

Editorial: Innovations In Dementia Policies And Services, Walter D. Dawson, Alison J. Canty, Joaquín Migeot, Laura O'Philbin, Sherril B. Gelmon

Institute on Aging Publications

There is an increasing global consensus that dementia is a significant public health issue (Chapman et al., 2006; Jackson et al., 2023; World Health Organization, 2017). As the global population ages and the number of people living with dementia increases, dementia will continue to grow in salience (Nichols, E., and GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators, 2022). The complexities associated with dementia require innovative approaches to the provision of care and support as well as to the design of service systems at local and national levels across the globe that can truly meet the unique needs of people living with dementia …


The Performer As Stylistic Free Agent: A Historically Inspired Approach To Interpreting Manuel De Falla’S Homenaje, Yiannis Efstathopoulos, Maarten Stragier, Kristin Van Den Buys Oct 2026

The Performer As Stylistic Free Agent: A Historically Inspired Approach To Interpreting Manuel De Falla’S Homenaje, Yiannis Efstathopoulos, Maarten Stragier, Kristin Van Den Buys

Soundboard Scholar

Manuel de Falla’s Homenaje pour “Le Tombeau de Claude Debussy” presents a complex identity knot that reflects Debussyan Alhambrism back onto its inspiration, drawing from both classical and folk traditions. This is the first research project to approach that knot from the perspective of historically inspired performance. It identifies a fascinating counterpart to its complexity in the stylistically hybrid guitar practices that were common at the time Falla composed his miniature masterpiece. The authors therefore propose that a historically inspired performer of Homenaje can act as a stylistic free agent, traversing the continuum of styles that gave birth to Falla’s …


Supervisor Need-Thwarting Behaviour And Followers' Turnover Intentions: A Conditional Moderated Mediation Model, Andrei Alexander Lux, Esme Franken, Geoff Plimmer Oct 2026

Supervisor Need-Thwarting Behaviour And Followers' Turnover Intentions: A Conditional Moderated Mediation Model, Andrei Alexander Lux, Esme Franken, Geoff Plimmer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study examines how supervisor need-thwarting behaviour relates to employee turnover intentions through needs frustration, and how interactional justice and job insecurity conditionally moderate this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a two-wave survey of Australian workers (n = 359). The proposed conditional moderated mediation model was tested using Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 11 in IBM SPSS v28.

Findings: Supervisor need-thwarting behaviour was positively associated with turnover intentions, both directly and indirectly through needs frustration. The indirect relationship was conditionally moderated by interactional justice and job insecurity. Interactional justice buffered the positive association between need-thwarting behaviour and needs frustration …


K–12 Teachers Collaborating And Consulting With School Counselors To Support Student Mental Health, Deanna Alina Arline Oct 2026

K–12 Teachers Collaborating And Consulting With School Counselors To Support Student Mental Health, Deanna Alina Arline

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Student mental health concerns in K–12 schools have increased significantly, placing greater demands on teachers who encounter students experiencing emotional or psychological distress. Although collaboration and consultation between teachers and school counselors are essential components of school-based mental health systems, little is known about teachers' lived experiences within these professional relationships. The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of K–12 teachers who collaborate and consult with school counselors to support student mental health. This study was grounded in Husserl's phenomenological philosophy and guided by Moustakas's transcendental phenomenological methodology. The guiding research question examined …


Strategies For Improving The Retention Of Restaurant Staff, Jessica Renee' Green-Farley Oct 2026

Strategies For Improving The Retention Of Restaurant Staff, Jessica Renee' Green-Farley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Employee turnover remains a persistent challenge in the restaurant industry, affecting service quality, operational performance, and organizational sustainability. Restaurant leaders are concerned because employee retention issues reduced customer satisfaction and business viability. Grounded in McClelland’s achievement motivation theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies some restaurant managers successfully used to improve employee retention. Participants included seven restaurant managers in a Mid-Atlantic state who had developed effective strategies to retain employees. Data were collected through semistructured interviews as well as a review of publicly available documents and internal documents that participants chose to share. Using Yin’s …