Digital Commons Network^™

Factors That Influence Stunting In The Maratua District Of Berau, Indonesia, Risa Haryati Tambunan, Elis Nurbaeti

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Highlights: 1. This study investigated the factors contributing to stunting in a remote area, which has not received sufficient attention from key stakeholders. 2. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the government in addressing stunting through intervention strategies that incorporate paternal roles to improve children's nutritional status. Abstract Stunting is a community health problem with significant impacts. The estimated prevalence rate of stunting was 24.4% in Indonesia and 25.7% in the Berau Regency. Stunting is a growth disorder caused by chronic malnutrition during the first 1,000 days of life. It is characterized by a height-for-age …

The Myth Of Tightening Credit Rating Standards In The Market For Corporate Debt, Karolina Krystyniak, Viktoriya Staneva

Faculty Publications

This study revisits the existing evidence of a downward trend in credit rating standards indicating that CRAs have become more conservative over time. We find that the time-series variation in the proxy for rating standards is mostly driven by the market-based variables in the model, specifically market capitalization and idiosyncratic volatility. We examine an alternative specification of the model, incorporating risk characteristics of rated firms relative to those of the average firm in the economy, and find it to have a higher explanatory power. Most importantly, we find little evidence of increased conservatism over time, in contrast to prior studies.

Contemporary Approach To Narrow Angles, Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby, Rohit Reddy, Reza Razeghinejad, L. Jay Katz

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among all glaucoma types, primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) affects approximately 23 million people worldwide, and is responsible for 50% of glaucoma-related blindness, highlighting the devastating consequences of this disease. The main mechanism of PACG is relative pupillary block. High-risk populations are female gender, Asian ethnicity, high hyperopia, short axial length, and a thick/anteriorly positioned lens. This review discusses the clinical diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with a narrow angle with and without intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and glaucomatous optic nerve damage, including laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), endocycloplasty (ECPL), lens …

The Etiology Of Paralytic Strabismus At An Indonesian Tertiary Hospital From 2017 To 2022, Aulia Rachma Nur Azizah, Rozalina Loebis, Hanik Badriyah Hidayati, Indri Wahyuni, Lely Retno Wulandari

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Highlights: 1. This study investigated the etiology of paralytic strabismus, a condition that requires further research to prevent its incidence, particularly in adults. 2. The findings of this study provided valuable insight into the primary etiology of paralytic strabismus and its underlying factors. Abstract Paralytic strabismus is the most common cause of adult-onset strabismus. It can result from paralysis of the third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerves, either separately or in combination, which are responsible for innervating the ocular motor muscles. Paralysis of these cranial nerves occurs due to congenital disorders, neoplasms, trauma, intracranial processes, idiopathic diseases, and other causes. …

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, And Cytotoxic Effects Of Physalis Angulata And Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts On Cancer And Normal Cells In Vitro, Didik Priyandoko, Wahyu Widowati, Ika Adhani Sholihah, Nurul Zahra Zahira, Adityana Arta Bangun, Kusdianti Kusdianti, Hernawati Hernawati, Wahyu Surakusumah, Rahadian Deden Juansah

Makara Journal of Science

Physalis angulata and Moringa oleifera have long been the key ingredients of traditional medicine. This study aimed to obtain the metabolite profiles of the ethanolic leaf extracts of P. angulata (ELP) and M. oleifera (ELM), evaluate their antioxidant activity, and assess their toxicity against normal and cancer cells. The leaves were sourced from Balittro, West Java. The extraction used 70% ethanol and continued for 3 days. The metabolites were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity was ascertained via the DPPH assay, and cytotoxicity was evaluated employing the PrestoBlue assay. GC-MS identified 23 compounds in ELP and 15 in …

When Time Is Not Of The Essence: Slowness And Certainty Beyond The 15 Minute City, Robert Brown, Leah Dinning, Rachel Manning, Emily Childs, Cansu Basitici

School of Art, Design and Architecture

What if our cities’ structures (i.e., its streetscape and movement spaces) were not defined temporally(i.e., by proximity and time of travel), but rather by connectivity to place and others within place? This question is of increasing significance in the context of urban discourse, with increasing calls for a 15-minute city and related paradigms structured around a 10-minute walking / 15-minute biking radius, prioritizing human-paced travel supportive of environmental concerns and inhabitants’ wellbeing. Such human-scaled paradigms are positioned in marked opposition to the car as the measuring device of urban structure. Prompted by questions on a proposed3 health centre in the …

An Investigation Into The Vapour Permeability And Durability Of Natural Renders On An Earthen Wall System, Steve Goodhew, Jim Carfrae, Matthew Fox, Karen Hood Cree, Kevin Owen

School of Art, Design and Architecture

This paper describes a novel methodology for establishing the relative moisture performance of renders used to protect a novel walling system combining traditional dense cob with a low-density thermal cob. A new method of enhancing the thermal insulation of cob walls has been developed by an European Union (EU)-funded joint UK and French project called CobBauge. The external surface of traditional cob walls (comprising subsoil, fibre and water) is normally protected from driving rain by placing the walls on a short wall called a plinth, a pronounced eaves overhang and a breathable exterior render. As the low-density fibre and clay …

Worthless Checks? Clemency, Compassionate Release, And The Finality Of Life Without Parole, Daniel Pascoe

Northwestern University Law Review

Life without parole (LWOP) sentences are politically popular in the United States because, on their face, they claim to hold prisoners incarcerated until they die, with zero prospect of release via the regularized channel of parole. However, this view is procedurally shortsighted. After parole there is generally another remedial option for lessening or abrogating punishment: executive clemency via pardons and commutations. Increasingly, U.S. legal jurisdictions also provide for the possibility of compassionate release for lifers, usually granted by a parole board.

On paper, pardon, commutation, and compassionate release are thus direct challenges to the claim that an LWOP sentence will …

Microvascular Vasoregulatory Dysfunction In African Americans - An Enhanced Opportunity For Early Prevention And Treatment Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Renee Bullock-Palmer, Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, Ervin Fox, Garth Beache

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors and precursors are a major driver of disparities in cardiovascular health. This review examines reported evidence that vascular endothelial dysfunction, and its manifestation as coronary microvascular dysfunction, underlies observed excess morbidity and mortality in African Americans. Advanced imaging insights that reveal patho-mechanisms, along with population evidence from the Jackson Heart Study, and the growing evidence emanating from national and international clinical trials and registries are presented. We examine a physiological framework that recognizes insulin-resistant cardiometabolic underpinnings of the conditions of the American Heart Associations' Life's Essential Eight construct of cardiovascular health as a …

Dark Adaptometry And Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography In Huntington Disease, Aaditya Shah, Spencer Fuller, Susan Criswell, Rajendra S. Apte

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

The Myth Of Tightening Credit Rating Standards In The Market For Corporate Debt, Karolina Krystyniak, Viktoriya Staneva

Faculty Publications

This study revisits the existing evidence of a downward trend in credit rating standards indicating that CRAs have become more conservative over time. We find that the time-series variation in the proxy for rating standards is mostly driven by the market-based variables in the model, specifically market capitalization and idiosyncratic volatility. We examine an alternative specification of the model, incorporating risk characteristics of rated firms relative to those of the average firm in the economy, and find it to have a higher explanatory power. Most importantly, we find little evidence of increased conservatism over time, in contrast to prior studies.

A Hybrid Control Approach For A Pneumatic-Actuated Soft Robot, Emilio Tavio Y Cabrera, Cosimo Della Santina, Pablo Borja

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The compliant nature of soft robots is appealing to a wide range of applications. However, this compliant property also poses several control challenges, e.g., how to deal with infinite degrees of freedom and highly nonlinear behaviors. This paper proposes a hybrid controller for a pneumatic-actuated soft robot. To this end, a model-based feedforward controller is designed and combined with a correction torque calculated via Gaussian process regression. Then, the proposed model-based and hybrid controllers are experimentally validated, and a detailed comparison between controllers is presented. Notably, the experimental results highlight the potential benefits of adding a learning approach to a …

Drought Legacy Interacts With Wildfire To Alter Soil Microbial Communities In A Mediterranean Climate-Type Forest, Anna J. M. Hopkins, Aaron J. Brace, Jess L. Bruce, J. Hyde, J. B. Fontaine, L. Walden, W. Veber, K. X. Ruthrof

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Mediterranean forest ecosystems will be increasingly affected by hotter drought and more frequent and severe wildfire events in the future. However, little is known about the longer-term responses of these forests to multiple disturbances and the forests' capacity to maintain ecosystem function. This is particularly so for below-ground organisms, which have received less attention than those above-ground, despite their essential contributions to forest function. We investigated rhizosphere microbial communities in a resprouting Eucalyptus marginata forest, southwestern Australia, that had experienced a severe wildfire four years previously, and a hotter drought eight years previously. Our aim was to understand how microbial …

Parliamentary Diplomacy: Mechanisms And Practice, Ali M. Aldada

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Through this research, the fact that parliaments do not exercise the function of foreign policy directly does not mean that parliaments cannot exercise any direct role in the field of foreign policy. Parliamentary diplomacy has emerged, which does not differ in its objectives from the regular diplomacy practiced by the executive authority, with the aim of achieving the states foreign policy objectives. In this regard, parliamentary diplomacy is characterized as calm and long-term diplomacy, which imposes on those in charge of it continuous follow-up and patience that normal diplomacy does not require. Therefore, the results achieved by parliamentary diplomacy are …

Citizenship: Rights And Duties… An Analytical Study, Osama Zain Al Abideen

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Citizenship is a modern term used to denote the relationship between the individual and the state on the basis of rights, duties and equality. With the emergence and development of the term citizenship through different historical eras, and through the axes / titles, the political, economic, social and cultural dimensions of citizenship were addressed, as well as the pillars of citizenship represented in equality in some details, and the rights of citizenship such as civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights were addressed. The research dealt with the duties of citizenship. The research also touched on the concept of patriotism …

Ict And E-Governance For Rural Development In India, Anika Choudhary

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Developing countries across the world are making attempts to use Information and Communication Technology in order to achieve development goals and India also has attempted to harness ICTs for development. ICT has the capacity to alter the way society functions and is governed. The word e-governance would establish a link between the two. E-governance is described as the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to deliver government services to citizens. India is a populous country where e-governance is fast becoming a buzzword. ICT tools are making public services safer, easier to access and more efficient than ever before. It …

The Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party (E.P.R.P.) Formation, Structure And Program, Ayenew Mammo Seyoum

The World Research of Political Science Journal

The main aim of this Article is assessing the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party (EPRP) Formation, Structure and Program. It also tries to restructure the armed struggle of Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Part (E.P.R.P) in Qwara and Al?fa Takusa district. In fact, it was established in the 1970s by different people of Ethiopians from different areas. And its center was Addis Ababa town and other rural areas. However, in the 1980s its main center was at Qwara and Al?fa Takusa districts. Therefore, this article is aimed at the E.P.R.P military movement was legitimately ongoing in Qwara and Al?fa Takusa district since 1983. …

Changing Nuclear Norms In South Asia A Threat To Regional Peace, Muhammad Rizwan, Wajih Ullah, Sara Batool

The World Research of Political Science Journal

This article is about changing the normative behavior about the usages of nuclear weapons and the emerging threat of nuclear war in South Asia. It is a general belief that deterrence has provided strategic stability against the usage of a nuclear weapon. Little attention has been paid over the years to normative behavior that gradually emerged and refrained states from preemptive nuclear strikes. Leaders of both India and Pakistan repeatedly claimed that these weapons are only for defensive purposes. But with changing geopolitical situation this normative behavior has changed. India adopted Cold Start Doctrine (Though it is a conventional military …

Mechanisms Of Civil Society’S Contribution To Political Development, Salwa Farrag

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Talking about civil society in the Arab countries is accompanied by a number of theoretical, methodological and applied problems. Therefore, it is important to clarify its concepts, mechanisms of action, and the paths of the intertwined relations between it and the political systems. There are various visions that attempt to explain the aforementioned relationships associated with civil society, those visions and approaches range from; the relationship of civil society with modernity and development, the relationship of civil society with the state and its political system, the relationship of civil society with the religious institution, the results of the study came …

The Impact Of Turkey’S Position On Its Role In The International Arena, Reman Ahmed Abd All

The World Research of Political Science Journal

This research seeks to study the impact of Turkey's position on its role in the international community in order to provide an analysis of the attitudes of major countries towards Turkey's policies and ambitions.The study is divided into three axes, where the first axis presents the importance of Turkey according to different geopolitical theories, the second axis presents the features of Turkey's transformation into a regional power, and then the third axis explains Turkey's position as an arena for Russian-American polarization. The study relied mainly on the geopolitical approach to study the impact of geographical factors, whether natural "geographical location" …

Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Issues In The Contemporary Era, Neeraj Singh Manhas

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Sexual orientation and the gender identity issues in the Contemporary era includes the discrimination and other practices against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation and gender identity which are very serious violations of the human rights. The basic human rights issue for homosexual, bisexual and transgendered individuals is the freedom from discriminatory practices and acts of violence, decriminalisation of same sex relationships and marriage equality. The Draconian law criminalising consensual same-sex acts between adults continue to exist in many countries including India. The present work seeks to elucidate the causality of such grievous violations in almost all the …

The Impact Of The Corona Pandemic On The Principles Of Respect For Human Rights From The Perspective Of National Law And International Law, Abdalwahab Kareem Hamed

The World Research of Political Science Journal

This paper aims to reveal the consequences of the Coronavirus pandemic for human rights, by reference to national and international law. It aims to answer the research question: To what extent have human rights been respected during the COVID-19 pandemic, both at the national and international level, through rights and freedoms set down in constitutions and international law. The paper’s importance is derived from the current circumstances of the Coronavirus pandemic and its destructive consequences for economies and individuals’ freedoms, on the one hand, and for fluctuations in oil prices, the closure of international borders, and travel prohibitions, on the …

Morocco And Spain: The Troubled Partnership, Mohamed Boubouche

The World Research of Political Science Journal

The Moroccan-Spanish relations are described as one of the most complex, sensitive and intertwined relations compared to the Moroccan-French relations or the Moroccan-American relations, due to the geographical proximity and cultural blending. Throughout history, Moroccan-Spanish relations have not been stable and were often marked by instability. Spanish-Moroccan relations, in their current form, are only a stage in the development of relations between the two countries. The statements issued by Madrid and Rabat do not indicate the imminence of reaching a solution to end a major conflict in which security issues (immigration-drug trafficking...) were mixed through the issue of the occupied …

Political Development And Foreign Policy, Khalil Ibrahim Ahmed

The World Research of Political Science Journal

This paper is based on the scientific hypothesis that there is a close and positive relationship between the implementation of the foundations of political development and the presence of a balanced relationship between the institutions of power on one hand, and the broadening of the horizons of foreign policy and its role in achieving the nations goals on the other hand. The paper’s methodology is based on the analysis of the political, economic and social factors stemming from the internal environment of a political system related to the process of external political decision-making as a set of independent variables that …

The Dimensions Of American Foreign Policy In The Era Of Donald Trump, Abd El Rahim Al Argan

The World Research of Political Science Journal

The assumption of the US presidency by Donald Trump, as a popular figure who entered the US political scene has been represented a pivotal moment in the US foreign policy, in terms of the foundations and terms that control foreign policy-making and its outputs at the global level. It has been shown that Trumps policies reflect a pragmatic approach to allies, having established a US foreign policy that is not tied to any fixed traditional frame of reference. From the realist current, Trump takes the principle of America first, and from the neo-conservative trend, he adopts the use of military …

Security And Military Companies In Conflict Areas, Salwa Al Said Farrag

The World Research of Political Science Journal

The paper discusses the scope of domain of security and military companies, and the impact of their presence on the stability and security of societies and countries through examining the cases of Azeri-Armenian conflict and the conflict in Libya. It concludes that it is likely that the private security market in the region will grow at strong rates in the coming period, especially in light of the escalating political and security pressures in the region.

The Future Of Tourism In Algeria: Betting On The Media To Extricate The Sector From The Chronic Crisis, Fatima Zohra Teniou

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Various countries have taken an interest in tourism as a source of employment and income. The neighboring countries of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt are considered to be very vital for the state and society. The contribution of tourism revenues to national income is very significant. Compared to neighboring countries, Algeria has been less interested in tourism since independence.The prevailing view in Algeria was that tourism was not productive. It was this negative outlook that delayed attention until after the transition to a market economy. The security crisis of the 1990s also had a profound impact on tourism. Today there …

The Impact Of Combat Illegal Drug Trade On International Relations: A Case Study, Osama Zain Al Abideen

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Organized international crime is a criminal human activity that transcends national borders, it is practiced by ignoring the law, the multiplicity of its forms and forms, and the wide spread and scope of its spread, it has multiple shapes and images, most notably the illegal trade in drugs, which has many forms and forms. The criteria for classifying its types varied according to its source or according to the origin of the material from which it was prepared, and according to its effect on the mental activity of the drug user and his psychological status, and depending on the origin …

The Crisis Of Legitimacy In Arab Political Systems: Sudan As A Model, Abdalla Ahmed Suliman Mohamed

The World Research of Political Science Journal

This research aims to present a theoretical framework for the concept of legitimacy, its sources and patterns, and then trying to project these patterns on the ruling Arab regimes in general and Sudan in particular in search of practical solutions to this crisis. The research attempts to answer a number of questions such as: What is the concept of legitimacy in the European and Arab context, and what are the main causes of the legitimacy crisis in the contemporary Arab state in general and Sudan in particular? What is the Arab political system based on in its quest to justify …

Globalization’S Implications On State Sovereignty” Concept, Context And Practices", Safaa Khalifa

The World Research of Political Science Journal

State Sovereignty" remains one of the most important elements upon which the nation-state is based and it seeks not to compromise it within its geographic and national sphere. Moreover, foreign relations among states were based up on respect for sovereignty for each of them. Certainly, one of the most prominent developments -in post-Cold War era- was violation of state’s sovereignty principle which was always governing international relations and was one of the most important cornerstones that established stable relations. By following international reality, we could realize the impact of globalization regarding state’s role at national and international levels as well. …