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A War On Resistance: Police Repression And Criminalization Of Land Defense Movements, Lydia Macy

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

Statement of Purpose:

In this paper, I examine the roles and functions of policing in the United States in relation to environmental justice movements and protest. Building upon analyses of the history of policing and their role in enforcing and maintaining racial capitalism, I explore how the police enable and protect the destruction of land and environments. To demonstrate the intersections of policing, racial capitalism, and environmental crises I use three case studies: the protests at Standing Rock to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline, the movement to Stop Line 3, and the movement to Stop Cop City. I found my …

Urban Farm, Not Toxic Harm: East Phillips Urban Farm And The Indigenous Right To The City, Oli Palmera Tierney

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

The East Phillips neighborhood in South Minneapolis has been planning to transform an abandoned warehouse into an indoor urban farm for nearly a decade. When the city of Minneapolis announced it would demolish the warehouse–releasing arsenic from the soil into the community–and use the land for a public works facility, a fierce battle over environmental justice and the right to produce space (a theory popularized by Henri Lefebvre) ensued. East Phillips is a geographically significant place: It has the largest urban concentration of Indigenous people in the country, and it is the birthplace of the American Indian Movement. Indigenous land …

Concrete Legacy: The Effects Of The Interstate Highway System On Black Communities In The U.S., Laurel M. O'Hare

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

This article examines the role that racism, racial capitalism, neoliberalism, and classism played in the construction of the Interstate Highway System as a part of 20th-century urban renewal. It will first understand the context of American urban renewal and then look at the policy specific to the Interstate Highway System. After that, I will discuss the resistance many communities portrayed and how bureaucracy stood firm against grassroots organizing. Then, this paper will explore the process of highway removal and new construction, as well as reparations for the communities most affected by the Interstate Highway System. Finally, I will give warnings …

On The Backs Of Slaves: A Comparative Study On The Glamorization Of Colonialism At The University Of Amsterdam, Harvard University And Georgetown University, Jada Q. Northover

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

This capstone project explores the intricate relationship between colonialism, the slave trade, and higher education, focusing on the University of Amsterdam, Harvard University and Georgetown University. It argues that these institutions are deeply intertwined with slavery and colonialism, shaping their foundations and contributing to present-day structural inequalities in higher education. This essay highlights the perpetuation of elitism and exclusion by critiquing the University of Amsterdam for celebrating the Dutch East India Company (VOC) without acknowledging its connection to the slave trade. It also discusses Harvard University's historical ties to slavery and the slave trade, including the institutions use of slave …

Minnesotan Morals: Hmong, Somali, And Afghan Refugees And The Future Of Statewide Sanctuary Policy, Rachel Colson

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

Amidst animosity, tension, and discomfort over the politics and realities of immigration in the United States, Minnesota provides reprieve. The state’s attitudes towards and infrastructure for immigrant communities are distinctly positive. Despite its reputation as a safe haven, in 2021, the state legislature declined to formally adopt the label of “Sanctuary state” proposed in both houses. Sanctuary states, localities, or policies are those that refuse to follow national, often harsh, immigration law. This paper explores the rise of the Sanctuary Movement in the United States in relation to the current, politicized understanding of Sanctuary policy. Using Hmong, Somali, and Afghan …

Challenging The American Empire: A History Of Hypocrisy And Double Standards In Human Rights, Ikran J. Noor

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

Despite having played a significant role in the development and continuation of an international standard of human rights, the United States has a history of hypocrisy and double standards when it comes to protecting human rights both at home and abroad. This essay examines the connection between the United States and human rights in three key parts. Part I examines the concepts of manifest destiny and American exceptionalism that is prevalent in American society and how those concepts influence the United States engagement with foreign countries on human rights. Part II then, through the case studies of Israel and Afghanistan, …

A Note From The Art Collective Of Tapestries, Ikran J. Noor, Oli Palmera Tierney, Sofia Ahmad Cook, Vivian S. Tran

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

No abstract provided.

A Note From The Editors, Lydia Macy, G. Bender, Louie Siegel

Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities

No abstract provided.

Public Health Consequences Of Appellate Standards For Hostile Work Environment Claims, Lauren Krumholz

Washington Journal of Social & Environmental Justice

No abstract provided.

Navigating The First Amendment In School Choice: The Case For The Constitutionality Of Washington’S Charter School Act, Stephanie Smith

Washington Journal of Social & Environmental Justice

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Washington Journal Of Social & Environmental Justice

Washington Journal of Social & Environmental Justice

No abstract provided.

Filling Potholes In Pell’S Road To Reentry Success, James Monogan

Journal of Student Financial Aid

Pell eligibility for incarcerated people is a great rehabilitative opportunity, but several challenges remain. This article recaps five of the issues identified by the original research articles in this special issue. It also considers how solutions proposed in these studies may be beneficial across a variety of these issues and gathers recommendations together by which actor could implement them. Problems and solutions are corroborated by the author’s personal experience with incarceration.

Filling Critical Gaps For College In Prison Programs: Strategies From Two Community Based Organizations, Sara Alpert, Rachel Zolensky, Shon Holman-Wheatley

Journal of Student Financial Aid

When the federal government banned incarcerated students from accessing Pell Grants in the mid-1990s, a new model for supporting Higher Education in Prison (HEP) programs emerged– utilizing Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) as third-party facilitators to fill the gaps left behind in the absence of federal financial aid. With the long-awaited reinstatement of Pell for incarcerated learners that went into effect in 2023, it is essential to consider the critical role that CBOs have played in supporting college programming in the absence of Pell and how they can continue to be leveraged to ensure quality and access for Prison Education Programs (PEPs) …

Minding The Gap: Building Equitable, Accessible, And Sustainable Prison Education Programs In Pennsylvania, Isaiah Zukowski, Rodger C. Benefiel Jr., Liana K. Cole

Journal of Student Financial Aid

The reinstatement of Pell grant eligibility for incarcerated individuals marks a pivotal moment in the landscape of higher education in prison (HEP) programming in the United States. However, despite this promising development, financial barriers persist, hindering the growth and sustainability of HEP initiatives. This qualitative study delves into the challenges faced by faculty, staff, and administrators within Pennsylvania's colleges and universities as they establish and operate HEP programs amidst an evolving funding environment. Drawing on interviews with nine HEP administrators across the state, we explore obstacles they confront, ranging from the Pell grant funding gap to logistical hurdles such as …

The Unrealized Promise Of College-In-Prison: Financial Hurdles To Reenrollment And Completion In The Era Of Pell Reinstatement, Julia Bowling, Pavithra Nagarajan, Kristen Parsons, Neal A. Palmer

Journal of Student Financial Aid

College-in-prison programs are positioned to expand substantially under the reinstatement of Pell Grant eligibility for people in prison. While this change will enable more students who have been systemically excluded from higher education to attend college, degree completion is rare during incarceration and post-release. Student perspectives can shed light on both the value of college-in-prison and the financial barriers to realizing its value. This study analyzes data from 12 focus groups with 105 total college-in-prison student participants, 114 student survey responses, and 45 stakeholder interviews. The data were collected between 2018-2022 during a process evaluation of the College-in-Prison Reentry Initiative, …

“I Don’T Even Know What That Is”: Deprivation, Censorship, And Responsibility In Administering The Pell Grant In Prison, Erin L. Castro, Cydney Y. Caradonna, Mary R. Gould

Journal of Student Financial Aid

The violence of incarceration creates greater responsibility for higher education administrators in supporting students who are in prison. Using focus group data with incarcerated students and formerly incarcerated alumni who participated in or are actively participating in Second Chance Pell, we explore their perceptions and understandings of the Pell Grant and eligibility for the Pell Grant, including lifetime eligibility used limits. Through a lens of Witnessing, we argue that deprivation and censorship of information negatively influence students’ access to accurate and timely information about federal student aid and their ability to fully participate in the process. Accordingly, college and university …

Lessons Learned: Andrew Williams, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Andrew Williams was deputy assistant secretary for public affairs at the US Department of the Treasury and served as spokesman for Secretary Timothy Geithner in 2009–10. Williams was previously vice president of media relations and public affairs at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) in 2007–09, when Geithner was its president. During his time at Treasury, Williams was part of several initiatives to improve communications with the public, including the first briefing for economics and financial bloggers in 2009. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Williams on March 26, 2021.

Lessons Learned: Til Schuermann, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Til Schuermann joined the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) in 2001 and held several positions during his tenure, including senior vice president and head of Financial Intermediation in Research and head of Credit Risk in Bank Supervision. In spring 2009, he played a leadership role in the design and execution of the “bank stress test” and the subsequent Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) programs. After leaving the FRBNY in March 2011, he became a partner at management consulting firm Oliver Wyman, where he has led stress testing for more than 25 banks and financial institutions. He participated …

Lessons Learned: Péter Ákos Bod, Matthew A. Lieber

Journal of Financial Crises

During Hungary’s transition from socialism from 1990 to 1994, Péter Ákos Bod served as minister of industry and trade and then for three years as governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB). Following his public sector career in Hungary, Bod served as a director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Currently, he is a professor at Corvinus University in Budapest in the department of economic policy. This Lesson Learned is based on an interview with Bod on April 26, 2022.

Lessons Learned: Júlia Király, Matthew A. Lieber

Journal of Financial Crises

Júlia Király was deputy governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) from 2007 to 2013. A financial economist serving on MNB’s advisory board in the 1990s, Király helped formulate and adapt Western banking frameworks for Hungary’s economic transition away from socialism. As deputy governor, she oversaw Hungary’s emergency response to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). A professor of finance at the International Business School Budapest, Király is the author of Hungary and Other Emerging EU Countries in the Financial Storm, published in 2020. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Király on June …

Lessons Learned: Ádám Balog, Matthew A. Lieber

Journal of Financial Crises

From 2013 to 2016, Ádám Balog was deputy governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) and a member of the Monetary Council. During the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), Hungary was unable to finance its external debt and negotiated a three-party agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union. In this interview, Balog describes the conditions in Hungary before the crisis and the challenges and decisions that he worked on during its aftermath. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Balog held on February 1, 2022.

Lessons Learned: Ádám Banai, Matthew A. Lieber

Journal of Financial Crises

During the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), Ádám Banai served first as an analyst in the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB), where he helped the bank develop and implement a macroprudential framework for financial stability. Since 2020, he has served as MNB’s executive director of monetary policy instruments, financial stability, and foreign reserve management. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Banai conducted on April 18, 2023.

United Kingdom: Dunfermline Building Society Restructuring, 2009, Anmol Makhija

Journal of Financial Crises

During the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC), Dunfermline Building Society—Scotland’s largest building society by assets—faced significant impairments on its commercial mortgages. Rumors about Dunfermline’s financial troubles created a loss of confidence and led to depositor withdrawals. On March 28, 2009, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) determined that Dunfermline was likely to fail to meet its threshold conditions for operating as a deposit taker. This triggered the Special Resolution Regime, which was the new framework for resolving failed financial institutions adopted in the UK in response to the GFC. On March 30, 2009, the Bank of England (BoE) split Dunfermline …

Switzerland: Ubs Restructuring, 2008, Anmol Makhija

Journal of Financial Crises

UBS incurred write-downs totaling USD 50 billion during the Global Financial Crisis, mostly on exposures to securities linked to US subprime mortgages. On October 16, 2008, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) announced that it would set up a special purpose vehicle, StabFund, to purchase up to USD 60 billion of troubled assets from UBS. The Swiss government also subscribed to 6 billion Swiss francs (CHF; USD 5.3 billion) of mandatory convertible notes (MCNs) issued by UBS. Between December 2008 and April 2009, UBS transferred USD 38.7 billion in assets and contingent liabilities to StabFund in three tranches. In August 2009, …

Spain: Banco Popular Restructuring, 2017, Carey K. Mott

Journal of Financial Crises

On Friday, June 2, and Monday, June 5, 2017, Banco Popular Español, S.A., experienced a depositor run. Emergency liquidity assistance from Spain’s central bank proved insufficient to meet the bank’s liquidity needs. On June 6, Popular informed the European Central Bank that it was likely to fail, triggering the European Union’s Single Resolution Mechanism. That evening, the Single Resolution Board (SRB) initiated a sale of Popular’s business to one of Spain’s largest banks, Santander Group S.A., provided that Santander raise or inject enough capital to meet regulatory requirements and provide liquidity to manage further outflows. The sale involved the write-down …

Spain: Bfa-Bankia Group Restructuring, 2012, Lakshimi Swaminathan

Journal of Financial Crises

In 2010 and 2011, seven troubled savings banks (cajas) merged to form Banco Financiero y de Ahorros, S.A. (BFA), which the government capitalized with EUR 4.5 billion (USD 5.9 billion) in convertible securities, and BFA’s commercial banking subsidiary, Bankia (BFA, together with Bankia, was referred to as the BFA-Bankia Group). As a double-dip recession extended BFA-Bankia Group’s expected credit losses in Spain’s real estate market in 2012, third-party stress tests determined that the Group was deeply insolvent. On November 27, 2012, Fondo de Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria (FROB), Spain’s newly established national resolution authority, and the Bank of Spain (BoS) approved …

Portugal: Banco Espírito Santo Restructuring, 2014, Salil Gupta

Journal of Financial Crises

Banco Espírito Santo (BES) was the second-largest private bank in Portugal in 2014, with assets of EUR 80 billion (USD 81 billion). A capital increase of EUR 1.1 billion to the BES was concluded on market terms in June 2014. In July 2014, BES breached minimum capital requirements and reported a EUR 3.6 billion loss owing to improper loans made to the nonfinancial arm of the Espírito Santo (ES) group. The Bank of Portugal (BOP) adopted a resolution measure for BES on August 3, 2014, to safeguard financial stability by protecting all depositors and ensuring continuation of operating activities of …

Luxembourg: Kaupthing Bank Luxembourg Restructuring, 2008, Ayodeji George

Journal of Financial Crises

The nationalization of Iceland’s Kaupthing Bank hf on October 9, 2008, caused a situation of cross-default and a depositor run at its subsidiary, Kaupthing Bank Luxembourg S.A. (KBL). A cross-default entitles creditors to request immediate execution of their claims. KBL responded on the same day by requesting and receiving a suspension of payments regime (including depositors) from a Luxembourg court, which also appointed administrators. The administrators placed KBL’s operations for sale later that month, receiving a bid from a private fund, Blackfish Capital, which crafted a restructuring plan that creditors approved on June 5, 2009. The restructuring plan, carried out …

Netherlands: Sns Reaal Restructuring, 2013, Ayodeji George

Journal of Financial Crises

In February 2013, the Dutch minister of finance nationalized SNS Reaal, a financial conglomerate that was primarily composed of SNS Bank and Reaal Insurance, after the firm proved unable to remedy a large capital deficit caused by losses in the real estate portfolio of SNS Bank. Alongside the nationalization, the minister of finance announced a EUR 3.7 billion (USD 5 billion) rescue package that included a capital injection and significant restructuring. The goals of the restructuring plan were to isolate the real estate portfolio in a “bad bank” and to sell the insurance subsidiary. The state transferred shareholding responsibilities to …

Latvia: Parex Bank Restructuring, 2008, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

Heading into the Global Financial Crisis, JSC Parex banka was Latvia’s second-largest bank in terms of assets, comprising 13.8% of total assets in the Latvian banking sector. In autumn 2008, Parex faced a capital shortfall due to massive credit and market losses in addition to increasing liquidity problems and deposit runs of 240 million Latvian lats (USD 428.6 million). Parex had two senior syndicated loans maturing in February and June 2009, totaling EUR 775 million (USD 992 million), or nearly one-sixth of the bank’s total liabilities. Latvian authorities doubted that Parex would be able to pay back, extend, or replace …