Digital Commons Network^™

Obstructions To Some Injective Oriented Colourings, Russell J. Campbell, Nancy E. Clarke, Gary Macgillivray

Theory & Applications of Graphs

Each of several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph $G$ to an oriented graph $H$ leads to an injective oriented colouring problem. For each case in which such a problem is solvable in polynomial time, we identify a set $\mathcal{F}$ of oriented graphs such that an oriented graph $G$ has an injective oriented colouring with the given number of colours if and only if there is no $F \in \mathcal{F}$ for which there is a locally-injective homomorphism of $F$ to $G$.

Archiving In Advance Of Mission Completion, Molly Stothert-Maurer

Journal of Western Archives

This paper presents a detailed case study of the born-digital archiving efforts associated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) Asteroid Sample Return Mission at the University of Arizona Libraries Special Collections. From the perspective of an archivist, the project exemplifies the integration of digital archiving into an active scientific mission, conducted in collaboration with multiple departments across the university. By preserving mission-critical content, including project management documents, social media interactions, and web content, this initiative serves as a model for resource light digital products utilizing batch descriptive techniques. The paper …

The Connected Vertex Cover In Graphs, Kamran Mirasheh, Elham Mirashe, Ebrahim Vatandoost

Theory & Applications of Graphs

This paper presents tight bounds and characterizations for the vertex cover number and the connected vertex cover number of graphs. In particular, we identify all graphs for which βc(G) = |V (G)| − 1, proving that these are exactly the cycles and complete graphs. The analysis employs tools such as the degree matrix and the Rayleigh quotient to derive new and sharp upper bounds.

The $K$-Total Bondage Number Of A Graph, Jean-Pierre Appel, Gabrielle Fischberg, Kyle Kelley, Nathan B. Shank, Eliel Sosis

Theory & Applications of Graphs

Let \(G=(V,E)\) be a connected, finite undirected graph. A set \(S \subseteq V\) is said to be a total dominating set of \(G\) if every vertex in \(V\) is adjacent to some vertex in \(S\). The total domination number, \(\gamma_{t}(G)\), is the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set in \(G\). We define the \(k\)-total bondage of $G$ to be the minimum number of edges to remove from \(G\) so that the resulting graph has a total domination number at least \(k\) more than \(\gamma_{t}(G)\). In this work we establish general properties of \(k\)-total bondage and find exact values for …

Hyper Face-Magic Graphs, Ross Belgram, Donald Mcginn

Theory & Applications of Graphs

For a planar graph G of order n, let F(G) be the set of all faces of G embedded into R 2 , including the exterior face. A bijective vertex labeling f : V (G) → {1, 2, ..., n} induces a face labeling f ∗ : F(G) → N defined by setting f ∗ (F) equal to the sum of all labels of the boundary vertices of F. The graph G is said to be hyper face-magic if there exists a vertex labeling whose induced face labeling is constant. In this paper, we state properties of hyper face-magic graphs …

Enhancing Digital Literacy Programmes For Advanced Search Skills Of Adult Public Library Patrons, Santel Smit Ms., Nikiwe G. Momoti Dr

Urban Library Journal

Digital literacy enables individuals to confidently engage with electronic devices and digital resources. While many adults use these tools to search for information, some still lack the essential skills to do so effectively. This pragmatic paper investigates the basic digital literacy skills of adult patrons at Adriaanse Public Library in Cape Town. Framed by SCONUL Seven Pillars of Information Literacy through a Digital Literacy “lens”, we employed a sequential mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative pre- and post-tests with qualitative interviews among 30 purposively selected participants. Quantitative data was analyzed statistically while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings revealed …

Les Conventions Réglementées Carences Et Solutions : Le Droit Libanais À L'Heure Française, Saba K. Zreik

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

No abstract provided.

The Reluctance Of Physical Education Teachers To Teach In Special Education Schools From The Perspective Of Physical Education Students: Causes And Solutions, Noor T. Abu Sneneh, Rafi H. Asfour Dr., Tariq G. Raja Dr.

International Journal for Research in Education

This study aimed to examine why physical education teachers are reluctant to teach in special education schools from the perspective of physical education students at Birzet University. It also sought to explore possible solutions to this issue. A mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) was used, with a random sample of 110 physical education students (both male and female) and a purposive sample of five faculty members from the Department of Physical Education. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using appropriate statistical and qualitative methods. The results showed that the level of reluctance among physical education teachers to …

Parenting Styles And Their Relationship To Cyberbullying Exposure Among High School Students: The Mediating Role Of Self-Confidence, Hesham F. Gadelrab Prof., Afnan H. Al-Muqate, Fatemah A. Al-Kandari

International Journal for Research in Education

This study examined the relationships among parenting styles, self-confidence, and cyberbullying exposure among high school students in Kuwait. It also explored differences in these variables by gender, grade level, and academic specialization, as well as the mediating role of self-confidence in the relationship between parenting styles and cyberbullying exposure. The study employed a descriptive correlational design and included 302 male and female students enrolled in the 11th and 12th grades across both science and literature tracks. Data were collected using the Self-Confidence Scale (Sanabani & Al-Tariq, 2020), the Parenting Styles Scale (Zugheer, 2007), and the Cyberbullying Scale (Hussein, 2018). The …

The Effectiveness Of The Minecraft Application In Developing Creative Skills In Preschool Children, Leena A. Alfarani Prof., Shahad A. Alharbi

International Journal for Research in Education

This research aims to identify the impact of Minecraft on developing the creative skills of pre-school children. We know games assist students to acquire skills and insight in different ways, that is why the researcher suggested using Minecraft in the activity period of the house’s unit. The current study relied on the quasi-experimental approach, to see how Minecraft has influenced the creative skills of children, by using the note card tool and evaluating the finished products of the houses by using the product evaluation card; this research sample included 23 pre-school children from a kindergarten in Jeddah city.

This study …

The Level Of Student Teachers’ Practice In Listening Comprehension Assessment Skills In The College Of Languages And Translation, Nouf F. Alzuhair Prof.

International Journal for Research in Education

This study aimed to identify the level of practice of student teachers in listening comprehension assessment skills in the College of Languages and Translation, and to examine whether there were differences in their practice levels attributable to gender. The study employed a descriptive survey method. The population consisted of 58 female students and 21 male students at the eighth level in the College of Languages and Translation, and the instrument was administered to all members of the population. The findings revealed that the level of practice of student teachers in listening comprehension assessment skills was low. In addition, there were …

The Effectiveness Of Teaching With Multiple Representations In Acquiring Scientific Concepts And Developing Visual Thinking Skills In Science, Abdullah K. Ambusaidi Prof., Raya A. Al-Yazeedi

International Journal for Research in Education

This research aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching science using multiple representations in acquiring scientific concepts and developing visual thinking skills among fourth-grade students. The research adopted an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design, based on a two-group design (experimental and control). The research sample consisted of 121 students, distributed into 61 students in the experimental group and 60 students in the control group. To achieve the research objectives, two instruments were used: a test for acquiring scientific concepts and a test for developing visual thinking skills. The validity and reliability of both instruments were verified using appropriate statistical …

Teaching Practices Of Faculty Members In The First Year Deanship Based On Brain-Based Learning Theories, Haya M. Al-Shehri Dr.

International Journal for Research in Education

This study aimed to investigate faculty members’ teaching practices in the Deanship of the Common First Year in light of brain-based learning theories. A descriptive analytical approach was employed, and the study population consisted of all faculty members in the Deanship (N = 647). A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection instrument.

The findings revealed that teaching practices were rated at a high level by participants, with an overall mean score of 4.14. The preparation stage was ranked highest, followed by the elaboration stage, the acquisition stage, functional integration, memory formation, and finally quiet alertness.

The results also …

Developing A Proposed Educational Program Based On Geospatial Data Standards And Measuring Its Effectiveness In Developing Related Concepts Among Undergraduate Students At The University Of Al Buraimi In The Sultanate Of Oman, Muna R. Alna'aimi Dr., Fahad A. Al-Omairi Prof.

International Journal for Research in Education

The study aimed to design a proposed educational program based on geospatial data standards and to measure its effectiveness in developing related concepts among undergraduate students at Al Buraimi University in the Sultanate of Oman. The study sample was selected purposively and consisted of 30 students, with 5 students chosen for a case study. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining two research methods: a quasi-experimental method with a one-group design to measure the program’s effectiveness, and a case study method to enrich the findings with qualitative data supporting the interpretation of quantitative results. Quantitative data were collected by an achievement …

Content Analysis Of The Enrichment Program For Gifted Classes “Innovation Space” In Alignment With The Sustainable Development Goals In Saudi Arabia, Enas O. Mahrous, Adnan M. Alqadhi Dr.

International Journal for Research in Education

This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are incorporated into the content of the Enrichment Innovation Space Program (EISP) for gifted students in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The study examined two training packages, “Chain Reaction Machine” and “Toy Factory,” using a descriptive analytical approach and a content analysis instrument comprising 61 sub-indicators across four dimensions: social, economic, environmental, and technological.

The findings revealed that the overall mean score of inclusion was 2.37, indicating a direct level of inclusion. The mean scores for the social, economic, environmental, and technological dimensions were 2.50, …

Resource Utilisation And Quality Of Education In Secondary Schools In Lagos State, Nigeria, Jacob A. Adeyanju

International Journal for Research in Education

The need for the education sector to deliver on its goals has always been a major expectation of all stakeholders in the system. For this expectation to be met, the major resources in the school system must be combined in a reasonable proportion. On this premise, this study investigated the relationship between resource utilisation and quality of education in Lagos State. The study was conducted using descriptive survey research design with a population of 664 public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. These schools had a total population of 23,793 teachers. A self-developed instrument titled “Education Resource Utilisation and Quality …

The Effect Of Practice Test Timing On Students’ Test Anxiety And Exam Performance, Alanood M. Al-Thani, Mutasem M. Akour

International Journal for Research in Education

This quasi-experimental study employed a switched replication design to investigate the effect of practice test timing on test anxiety and exam performance among 154 female undergraduate students. Participant groups received online practice tests either early in the semester (before the midterm) or later (before the final exam). Results indicated a significant effect of practice test timing on test anxiety. While both groups exhibited a significant decrease in test anxiety over time, this reduction was more pronounced for the group that took the practice test early. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between final exam performance and test anxiety. These …

Editors' Note, David Palfreyman Prof., Mohammad Al Rashaida Dr.

International Journal for Research in Education

No abstract provided.

Public Interest In Salons And Spas With Islamic Nuances, Assyifa F. Adzani, Boike J. Anshory, Alifia W. Izzati, Pengiran Dr Hajah Norkhairiah Binti Pengiran Haji Hashim

Nusantara Halal Journal

This research is motivated by the increasing demand for women to be able to undergo beauty treatments safely and comfortably. In recent years, the salon and spa industry has played quite an important role in Indonesia. Caring for and beautifying oneself has become part of a person's lifestyle, especially in urban areas, including Muslim women. Generally, salons and spas are open to male and female customers. Still, in countries where most of the population is Muslim, many Muslim women want a room or area for those who wear hijabs to receive treatments at salons and spas freely. Muslimah salon is …

Concise And Informative Article Titled The Influence Of Islamic Modern Life On People's Visits To Places Of Reflexology, Andrea Angeline Hidayat, Boike Janus Anshory, Oktavianus Nangoy

Nusantara Halal Journal

Reflexology is a treatment that attempts to recover a body that is worn out, uncomfortable, or ill. Numerous health issues are emerging due to the modern lifestyle we presently live. The body could get physically and psychologically exhausted from daily activities, workplace physical activity, and other stressful situations. Muscle stiffness may happen from job responsibilities that are unmoved and lack movement. Activities that require a lot of muscle and body movement increase the risk of injuries to the body, including strains and sprains. Accuracy and focus during working or doing routine duties might be affected by mental tiredness. Modern life …

Exploring The Halal Perspectives On Animal Excrement And Its Renewable Energy Products, Ahmad Munjin Nasikh, Nur Faizin, Eli Hendrik Sanjaya, Achmad Sultoni, Cecep Soleh Kurniawan

Nusantara Halal Journal

Energy consumption continues to increase following the escalation of economic growth worldwide. The U.S. Energy Information Administration predicts global energy consumption will increase by 50% from 2018 to 2050, with the highest increase in Asia. But up to recently, coal and oil are still the primary sources of energy. Thus, a novel and renewable alternative energy is a necessity. Biomass is one of the most abundant renewable energy sources that come from various sources. However, the Muslim world population feels the need for an answer to the halal status of this energy source. This paper examines Islamic classical and modern …

Many Hands Make Light Work: Restoring Edu-Economical Debts For Black Males, Joyice Robinson Myers

VA Engage Journal

A college degree is closely linked to economic stability, yet only 20% of Black men in the United States hold a bachelor’s degree or higher. These disparities are not accidental; they are the cumulative result of systems that have systematically denied Black males equitable access to educational and economic opportunity across generations. This systematic review examines the compounding relationship among family structure, educational attainment, and economic standing for Black males, and considers what restoring that relationship could look like in practice. I integrate three theoretical frameworks—Education Debt (Ladson-Billings, 2006), African American Male Theory (Bush & Bush, 2013), and the R³ISE …

Establishment Of Age-Specific Reference Intervals For Ca 19-9 And Cea: A Retrospective Analysis Of The Saudi Population, Abrar Ashi, Shmoukh Alghuraibi

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

Introduction: Accurate interpretation of serum marker measurements is essential in clinical laboratory practice. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are widely used biomarkers, yet their serum concentrations may be influenced by demographic and non-malignant factors. This study aimed to establish age- and gender-stratified reference intervals (RIs) for a Saudi population and quantify the impact of these local limits on diagnostic specificity and stewardship.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 1,567 adult laboratory results (aged 15–100) from nationwide diagnostic centres. This study followed the CLSI EP28-A3c guidelines for the indirect estimation of reference intervals. Statistical analysis included Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney …

Integration Of Endemic Economic Cereal And Legume Crops In Jazan, Saudi Arabia Based On Pathogenic Fungi As A Taxonomic Study, A. El-Shabasy

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

This review evaluates the relation between fungal disease of the most important economic plants at Jazan region, Saudi Arabia and phylogenetic plant taxonomic values. This study provides the full information on the status of fungal diseases with comparative analysis among different species related to the same families. The review highlights on environmental impacts on fungal disease dispersion, virulence and pathogenicity besides the plant morphological characters. It refers to the adaptation of plants at their habitats as well as the status of fungal biodiversity among studied plant species.

Potential Protective Effects Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Seed Oil Against Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Lipid Damage In Male Rats, Amani Ahmad Rifai Filimban, Nada Abdulkareem Batais

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

Objectives: To investigate the protective effect of okra seed oil against cadmium-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (8-weeks old, average 120g) were divided into four groups (n=6): Control/ Received deionized water. Cadmium/ Received 5 mg/kg/day of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) orally. Okra Seed Oil/ Treated with 800 mg/kg/day of okra seed oil. Okra Seed Oil + Cadmium/ Received okra seed oil followed three hours later by CdCl₂. Treatments were given daily. Lipid profiles and antioxidant markers were measured to assess metabolic effects.

Results: Cadmium exposure caused significant dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated levels …

Insect Succession And Habitat Influence On Decomposition In Yanbu Industrial City, Western Saudi Arabia: A Baseline Study For Forensic Application, Abdullah A. Daghar, Abdullah G. Alghamdi, Majed S. Alrefaei

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

Forensic entomology plays a vital role in medico-legal investigations by providing key insights into post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation through the ecological succession and developmental patterns of necrophagous insects. Despite global advancements in this field, forensic entomological data in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia remains scarce and fragmented. This study investigates the diversity, abundance, and seasonal fluctuations of forensically important insect taxa across four ecologically distinct environments,desert, coastal, agricultural, and urban in Yanbu Industrial City, western Saudi Arabia. Field experiments were conducted using rabbit carcasses as decomposition models, exposed systematically across seasons. Insects were collected and morphologically identified. Results revealed …

Ziziphus Oxyphylla Edgew. A New Record In Arabian Peninsula From South-Western Mountains Of Saudi Arabia, Tawfiq Alfaifi, Lamiaa F. Shalabi

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

For the first time, the current study identifies Zizphus oxyphylla Edgew. plant collected from southwestern mountains of Saudi Arabia, Al Hashr and Faifa. Complete morphological description for the plant, taxonomic notes, location and distribution maps, photographs for plant parts, habitats and population data are included. Data collected from published literature, formal taxonomic websites, geographical affinities, ecological similarities were reported as strong evidences which confirmed the identification of Ziziphus oxyphylla plant as a new addition to the flora of Saudi Arabia and Arabian Peninsula.

Heavy Metal Contamination In Red Sea Hamour Fish: Bioaccumulation Patterns, Toxicological Impacts, And Microbial Community Disruption, Haifa O. Aljuhani, Osamah A. Ahmad, Ashwaq R. Almohammadi

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

Red Sea heavy metal pollution lately poses a serious threat to human health and ecological integrity. The present research review examines the several effects of heavy metal contamination on the economically important Hamour fish (Epinephelus spp.), a major bioindicator species because of its benthic feeding habit and great bioaccumulation potential. Where the industrial activities, hydrocarbon exploration, desalination effluent, and coastal urbanization have produced continuous pollution vectors, promoting bioaccumulation via gill absorption, food intake, and dermal absorption in Hamour tissues. Our work demonstrates complicated toxicological effect comprising oxidative stress, hematological malfunction, immunosuppression, neurotoxicity, reproductive impairment, and genotoxic damage. Consequently, heavy …

The Effect Of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) Extract On Lipid Profile In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Amani A.R. Filimban, Khulud A. Wathi

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum) aqueous extract on lipid profile parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group, a diabetic group induced by STZ, and a diabetic group treated with black pepper extract (50 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test and effect size estimation.

Results: The diabetic group exhibited significantly …

Photometric Analysis Of The Open Star Clusters Ic 1442, King 21, And Trumpler 7 Using Topcat Tools With Machine Learning Techniques And Asteca, Amaal Turki Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Ali Malawi

The Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Science

This study presents the results of the analysis of three open star clusters — IC 1442, King 21, and Trumpler 7 — using data from Gaia DR3 combined with Machine Learning techniques and TOPCAT tools. The identified cluster members are 208 for IC 1442, 133 for King 21, and 319 for Trumpler 7. From the derived density profiles, we determined each cluster’s structural parameters, such as cluster radii. The estimated distances from the Sun are 2785.599 pc, 2502.302 pc, and 1478.923 pc, respectively, while the logarithmic ages are log(age) = 7.40 yr, 7.60 yr, and 7.80 yr. Assuming solar metallicity, …