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U-M School Of Dentistry: Collaborating With Michigan’S Dentists To Move The Profession Always Forward, Jacques E. Nör Dds, Ms, Phd Sep 2024

U-M School Of Dentistry: Collaborating With Michigan’S Dentists To Move The Profession Always Forward, Jacques E. Nör Dds, Ms, Phd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Completing his first year as dean of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry Dr. Nor highlights the importance of community-based learning in dental education. Students gain valuable experience through rotations at various clinics across Michigan, including those serving underserved populations. The dean emphasizes the generosity of dentists who mentor students and the importance of the Oath of Aspiring Dentists. The Commission on Dental Accreditation completed its site visit at our school in March. Its findings identified numerous strengths during the formal review that American dental schools must complete every seven years. Demographic data on the incoming class of 2028 …

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You Can Drive Cdt Code Changes: Essential Tips For Success, Frank J. Pokorny Ii, Mba, Facd(Hon) Sep 2024

You Can Drive Cdt Code Changes: Essential Tips For Success, Frank J. Pokorny Ii, Mba, Facd(Hon)

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The American Dental Association (ADA) Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature (CDT) undergoes annual updates to reflect evolving dental practices. Building on Mr. Pokorny's April 2024 article, "Dentistry’s CDT Code: Its Origins, Use, and Future," published in the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association1, this article examines the process for requesting changes to the CDT code set. Overseen by the ADA Council on Dental Benefit Programs’ Code Maintenance Committee (CMC), the process provides clear guidelines for submitting change requests. This paper outlines the types of permissible changes and the rationale behind them, offering dentists and other stakeholders the opportunity to …

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A Problem-Solving Tool You Can Use, Michelle C. Dziurgot Dds Sep 2024

A Problem-Solving Tool You Can Use, Michelle C. Dziurgot Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This month, the MDA Editor discusses a presentation from the summer board meeting that resulted in nostalgic recollection of the '90s hit "Whoomp! (There It Is)" and the evolution of her career from a dental student to managing a large practice. The article introduces the WOOP (Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan) method, a problem-solving tool used to address challenges in patient scheduling due to a shortage of hygienists. By applying WOOP, the practice aims to prioritize reliable patients and manage appointments more effectively, ultimately reducing stress and improving workflow.

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Dentistry And The Law: Hiring A Crna To Work In Your Practice, Daniel Schulte Jd Sep 2024

Dentistry And The Law: Hiring A Crna To Work In Your Practice, Daniel Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This column addresses whether a dental practice can hire a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) to administer anesthesia. A CRNA can be hired if the requirements of Michigan's MCL 333.17210 and the Michigan Administrative Code are met. The CRNA must have sufficient experience or advanced degrees and work collaboratively in a patient-centered care team. The dental office must have policies for immediate clinical response, and all involved personnel must be certified in basic cardiac life support. Additional rules apply depending on the sedation level provided.

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The New Professional: Tips For Dealing With Unpleasant Patients, Amrita Patel Dds Sep 2024

The New Professional: Tips For Dealing With Unpleasant Patients, Amrita Patel Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article emphasizes the importance of managing unpleasant patients in dentistry through empathy, effective communication, and tailored care. Dentists should understand that patient anxiety often stems from fear or past trauma. Building trust through clear explanations, personalized comfort measures, and pain management is crucial. Techniques like guided imagery and gradual exposure can help reduce anxiety. Consistency in care and follow-up support strengthens patient relationships, making even the most challenging patients more comfortable and cooperative.

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Book Review: Gendered Fortunes: Divination, Precarity, And Affect In Postsecular Turkeyin Postsecular Turkey, Canan Tanir Sep 2024

Book Review: Gendered Fortunes: Divination, Precarity, And Affect In Postsecular Turkeyin Postsecular Turkey, Canan Tanir

Sociology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Addressing Transportation Construction Workforce Needs Through Innovative Policies And Practices, Thomas O'Brien, Ben Olson, Devin Martinez-Flores Sep 2024

Addressing Transportation Construction Workforce Needs Through Innovative Policies And Practices, Thomas O'Brien, Ben Olson, Devin Martinez-Flores

Mineta Transportation Institute

A 2019 survey conducted by the Associated General Contractors of America, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, found that construction firms across the country are struggling to fill open positions. Eighty percent of survey respondents indicated they have difficulty filling jobs in occupations that are essential to highway construction. This includes heavy equipment operators, cement masons, and iron workers, among others. This workforce shortage in California will become more problematic as public agencies and their contractors seek to implement projects funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), also known as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). In California there are …

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Does It Take A Village? The Impact Of Lgbtq+ Community And Geographic Location On Associations Among Parenting Stress, Parent Mental Health, And Child Adjustment, Kevin A. Mcaweeney, Rachel H. Farr Sep 2024

Does It Take A Village? The Impact Of Lgbtq+ Community And Geographic Location On Associations Among Parenting Stress, Parent Mental Health, And Child Adjustment, Kevin A. Mcaweeney, Rachel H. Farr

Psychology Faculty Publications

While LGBTQ+-parented families share many similarities with their cis-het parent counterparts, they still experience unique factors exclusive to them. One such factor is access to the LGBTQ+ community. Utilizing a diverse sample of LGBTQ+ parents with adolescents in the U.S., primarily living in Southern and Midwest states, we examined the potential moderating impact of a parent’s sense of LGBTQ+ community on the relationship between parenting stress, parent mental health, and child adjustment. Regression analyses demonstrated a series of positive associations between LGBTQ+ parent stress, parent mental health concerns, and child adjustment issues. However, sense of community failed to moderate these …

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The Effect Of Calcium Ions On Resting Membrane Potential, Elizabeth R. Elliott, Robin L. Cooper Sep 2024

The Effect Of Calcium Ions On Resting Membrane Potential, Elizabeth R. Elliott, Robin L. Cooper

Psychology Faculty Publications

Regulating membrane potential is key to cellular function. For many animal cells, resting membrane potential is predominantly driven by a family of K2P (two-pore domain) potassium channels. These channels are commonly referred to as leak channels, as their presence results in the membrane being permeable to K+ ions. These channels, along with various pumps and exchangers, keep the cell resting membrane potential (Rp) relatively close to potassium’s equilibrium potential (EK); however, in many cells, the resting membrane potential is more depolarized than the EK due to a small Na+ ion leak. Raising [Ca2+] …

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Towards A Multifactorial Framework Of The Roma’S Victimisation, Lorena Molnar, Julien Chopin, Yuji Z. Hashimoto, Alexander T. Vazsonyi Sep 2024

Towards A Multifactorial Framework Of The Roma’S Victimisation, Lorena Molnar, Julien Chopin, Yuji Z. Hashimoto, Alexander T. Vazsonyi

Psychology Faculty Publications

The European Roma population faces violence and discrimination, but the causes of their victimisation are not well understood. This study used a multi-theoretical framework to analyse data from a representative sample of 2,913 Roma surveyed in European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey II. The results showed that police stops perceived as ethnically motivated, exposure to risky situations, and acceptance of violence when insulted predicted physical victimisation and harassment. To reduce victimisation, recommendations include sensitising police officers, diverse police patrols, crime-reduction measures in neighbourhoods, and education on nonviolent communication. Further research is needed to understand other forms of victimisation among the …

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The Role Of The Metaverse In Transforming The Management Skill Set Of Construction Practitioners, Ali M. Saad, Islam H. El-Adaway Sep 2024

The Role Of The Metaverse In Transforming The Management Skill Set Of Construction Practitioners, Ali M. Saad, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Forecasting Construction Material Prices Using Macroeconomic Indicators Of Trading Partners, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway Sep 2024

Forecasting Construction Material Prices Using Macroeconomic Indicators Of Trading Partners, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Supply chain instabilities and inflated material prices have had a disruptive impact on cost estimating of construction projects. While several research efforts used national macroeconomic indicators to forecast the prices of domestically produced construction materials, none of the existing studies investigated whether the lagged macroeconomic indicators of the main trading partners could enhance the predictability of the prices of cement, steel, and lumber in the US construction sector. This paper fills this knowledge gap. The authors adopted a multi-step methodology that included: (1) collecting data on the target variables and the candidate leading indicators; (2) identifying the structural breaks in …

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Environmental Engineering 3.0: Faced With Planetary Problems, Solutions Must Scale-Up Caring, Daniel B. Oerther, Sarah Oerther, Linda A. Mccauley Sep 2024

Environmental Engineering 3.0: Faced With Planetary Problems, Solutions Must Scale-Up Caring, Daniel B. Oerther, Sarah Oerther, Linda A. Mccauley

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal.

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Reduction In Scc Form Pressure Through In-Situ Co2 Mineralization, Sean Monkman, Soo Duck Hwang, Kamal Khayat Sep 2024

Reduction In Scc Form Pressure Through In-Situ Co2 Mineralization, Sean Monkman, Soo Duck Hwang, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

One challenge of using self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for cast-in-place structural applications is that the rheological properties of the concrete (low yield stress and low plastic viscosity) can lead to increased lateral pressure exerted on the formwork. High structural build up and thixotropy can reduce the lateral pressure, thereby allowing for simpler formwork and faster construction. The addition of CO2 to SCC, in proportions from 0.063 % to 0.250 %, by weight of cement, was investigated as a rheology modifier. The CO2 served to increase the plastic viscosity with little impact on the dynamic yield stress up to a …

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Price Escalation In Construction Projects: Examining National And International Contracts, Bahaa Chammout, Islam H. El-Adaway, Mohammad Abdul Nabi, Rayan H. Assaad Sep 2024

Price Escalation In Construction Projects: Examining National And International Contracts, Bahaa Chammout, Islam H. El-Adaway, Mohammad Abdul Nabi, Rayan H. Assaad

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The construction industry has witnessed unprecedented disruptions in the supply chain (SC) over the past four years due to the consecutive impacts of the 2018 steel and aluminum tariffs, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukrainian war. SC disruptions have been linked to price escalations, the management of which varies across different construction contracts. Thus, there is a timely need to understand the contractual implications of price escalation clauses. This article fulfills this research requirement by following an interdependent research methodology. First, the authors analyzed and compared price escalation provisions under various US-based, international, and UK-based standard design-bid-build contracts. Second, the …

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Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk Sep 2024

Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt pavements make up a majority of the essential transportation systems in the US. Asphalt mixtures age and degrade over time, reducing the pavement performance. Pavement performance critically depends on the aging of asphalt binder. The aging of asphalt binder during construction is traditionally modeled by rolling thin film oven (RTFO) testing, while aging during service life is modeled by pressure aging vessel (PAV) testing. Comparing these models to the aging of binders in actual pavements is limited because, to be used for current testing, binders must be separated from the pavement's aggregate by solvent extraction. Solvent extraction will, at …

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Quantitative Assessment Of The Architect's Role Under Us Standard Construction Contracts: A Graph Theory Approach, Mariam Elazhary, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway, Sammi Young Sep 2024

Quantitative Assessment Of The Architect's Role Under Us Standard Construction Contracts: A Graph Theory Approach, Mariam Elazhary, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway, Sammi Young

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Evaluating the Architect's Role in Construction Contracts is Vital for Improving the Contractual Relationship and Preventing Disputes. Standard Contracts Define the Architect as an Owner's Agent And/or a Contract Administrator. Studies Often Use Qualitative and Subjective Evaluations to Analyze the Architect's Role. However, there is a Lack of Quantitative Measures that Objectively Evaluate the Architect's Capacities in Construction Contracts. This Paper Fills This Knowledge Gap. This Study Proposes a Quantitative Graph Theory-Based Approach to Analyze the Architect's Roles under Three Standard Forms of Construction Contracts in the US: (1) Extracting and Classifying Party Interactions; (2) Modeling the Interactions using Network …

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Election Reform And Campaign Finance: Did Alaska's Top 4 Nonpartisan Primaries And Ranked-Choice General Elections Affect Political Spending?, Zachary Albert, Robert G. Boatright, Lane Cuthbert, Adam Eichen, Wouter Van Erve, Raymond J. La Raja, Meredith Rolfe Sep 2024

Election Reform And Campaign Finance: Did Alaska's Top 4 Nonpartisan Primaries And Ranked-Choice General Elections Affect Political Spending?, Zachary Albert, Robert G. Boatright, Lane Cuthbert, Adam Eichen, Wouter Van Erve, Raymond J. La Raja, Meredith Rolfe

Political Science

Objective: Ranked-choice voting (RCV) is increasingly seen as a way to reduce political polarization and increase voter choice in elections, but little is known about its effect on candidate fundraising. In 2022, Alaska held its first election using a nonpartisan Top 4 primary followed by a ranked-choice general election. We analyze the effect of this new system on campaign financing practices in state legislative elections. There are many reasons to expect RCV to increase campaign spending, broaden the donor pool, and prompt donors to support candidates to whom they would not otherwise contribute. Method: We measure changes in fundraising over …

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256-Level Honey Memristor-Based In-Memory Neuromorphic System, Harshvardhan Uppaluru, Zoe Templin, Mohammed Rafeeq Khan, Md Omar Faruque, Feng Zhao, Jinhui Wang Sep 2024

256-Level Honey Memristor-Based In-Memory Neuromorphic System, Harshvardhan Uppaluru, Zoe Templin, Mohammed Rafeeq Khan, Md Omar Faruque, Feng Zhao, Jinhui Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Promising synaptic behavior has been exhibited by memristors based on natural organic materials. Such memristor-based neuromorphic systems offer notable benefits, including environmental sustainability, low production and disposal costs, non-volatile storage capability, and bio/Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Here, a 256-level honey memristor-based neuromorphic system is experimentally evaluated for image recognition. In detail, first, 256-level honey memristors are manufactured and tested based on in-house technology; next, the non-linear characteristics and inherent variation of honey memristor devices, which lead to imprecise weight updates and limit the inference accuracy, are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the inference accuracy of the 256-level honey memristor-based neuromorphic …

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Ground Vacuum Facility To Simulate Low Earth Orbit Plasma Environment, Emmanuel Kofi Asuako Wie-Addo, Jacob Ortega, Daoru Han Sep 2024

Ground Vacuum Facility To Simulate Low Earth Orbit Plasma Environment, Emmanuel Kofi Asuako Wie-Addo, Jacob Ortega, Daoru Han

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a large vacuum facility (6-ft-diameter, 10-ft-long chamber) equipped with a magnetic filter-type low Earth orbit plasma source. A recommended operating envelope for the plasma source was established through single-point measurements by varying the discharge currents of the plasma source and the gas flow rates. A three-axis translation stage was fabricated and tested with 2D and 3D scans of the simulated plasma environment. The measured plasma density during this study was between 1:63 x 1012 − 3:1 x 1012 m−3 for the electrons and 7:54 x 1012 − 1:82 x 1013 m−3 for the ions, whereas the electron …

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Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk Sep 2024

Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt pavements make up a majority of the essential transportation systems in the US. Asphalt mixtures age and degrade over time, reducing the pavement performance. Pavement performance critically depends on the aging of asphalt binder. the aging of asphalt binder during construction is traditionally modeled by rolling thin film oven (RTFO) testing, while aging during service life is modeled by pressure aging vessel (PAV) testing. Comparing these models to the aging of binders in actual pavements is limited because, to be used for current testing, binders must be separated from the pavement's aggregate by solvent extraction. Solvent extraction will, at …

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Assessment Of Bio And Crude Oil-Based Rejuvenation, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk Sep 2024

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Assessment Of Bio And Crude Oil-Based Rejuvenation, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt binders in pavements lose their stability through aging and eventually fail in the field. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor the primary longitudinal relaxation time of asphalt samples and the ratio of material that carries this primary relaxation time has been shown to indicate the impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the aging of asphalt pavements. Longitudinal NMR relaxation was used to investigate two types of proposed asphalt rejuvenators, a bio-oil-based rejuvenator and a crude-oil-based rejuvenator. Two different binders with the performance grades (PG) 64-22 and 76-22 were considered for their interactions with the rejuvenators. After 72 h …

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Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Postoperative Delirium In Elderly: A Meta-Analysis, Siye Xie, Qi Wu Sep 2024

Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Postoperative Delirium In Elderly: A Meta-Analysis, Siye Xie, Qi Wu

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To review current evidence on using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. Methods: The literature search was performed in core databases to include all the cohort studies on the association between GNRI and risk of POD for further meta-analysis. Results: A total of 6 studies with 4242 patients underwent this meta-analysis, which showed that the risk of POD was higher in patients with moderate and high GNRI than the ones with low GNRI (odds ratio [OR]=2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.58, 2.64], p <0.001), and moderate and high GNRI significantly increased the risk of POD in patients of 60 to 75 years or above [OR=1.98, 95%CI (1.49, 2.62), p <0.001; OR=2.79, 95%CI (1.38, 5.64), p =0.004, respectively]. Conclusion: Therefore, moderate and high GNRI increased the risk of POD in elderly patients.

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Comparative Analysis Of Nutritional Quality And Microbial Contamination In Camel Milk: Evaluating Safety And Public Health Risks Between Camel Milk Obtained From Street Vendors And Farms In Saudi Arabia, Nisreen M. Abdulsalam, Ebtehal M. Alghamdi Sep 2024

Comparative Analysis Of Nutritional Quality And Microbial Contamination In Camel Milk: Evaluating Safety And Public Health Risks Between Camel Milk Obtained From Street Vendors And Farms In Saudi Arabia, Nisreen M. Abdulsalam, Ebtehal M. Alghamdi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional quality and microbial contamination of raw camel milk sourced from street vendors and compare it with milk obtained from farms, with a particular emphasis on pathogenic organisms. Methods: Twenty samples were systematically collected from street vendors and farms between July 2022 and February 2023 and analyzed at King Fahad Medical Research Centre and the Pharmacy College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The microbial analysis employed culture-dependent techniques for colony-forming unit analysis and isolation of microbial colonies from milk samples. Microbial identification utilized advanced methods, including VITEK-MS equipment and the MALDI-TOF technique. The chemical composition …

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Is Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy Necessary For Patients With Esophageal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy?: An Analysis Based On The Seer Database, Yuhao Su, Yajing Wang, Chanjun Zhen, Wenwen Bai, Liyuan Fu, Yibing Liu, Ping Zhang, Zhiguo Zhou Sep 2024

Is Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy Necessary For Patients With Esophageal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy?: An Analysis Based On The Seer Database, Yuhao Su, Yajing Wang, Chanjun Zhen, Wenwen Bai, Liyuan Fu, Yibing Liu, Ping Zhang, Zhiguo Zhou

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who underwent esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). Methods: The data of EC patients who received adjuvant therapy after NCRT between 2004 to 2019 was retrieved from the SEER database. The patients were split into the adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy (RT±CT) and the adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) groups. The process of propensity score matching (PSM) was employed. Results: Following PSM, 157 patients in total were recruited in each treatment group. There were no significant variations in either overall survival (OS) or cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the …

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Electronic Device Usage Among Preschool Children And Its Association With Mental Health Status In Saudi Arabian Kindergartens, Siham O. Al-Mehmadi, Abdulrahman T. Halawani, Mrnan T. Sulaimani, Tamim O. Al-Mehmadi Sep 2024

Electronic Device Usage Among Preschool Children And Its Association With Mental Health Status In Saudi Arabian Kindergartens, Siham O. Al-Mehmadi, Abdulrahman T. Halawani, Mrnan T. Sulaimani, Tamim O. Al-Mehmadi

Saudi Medical Journal

Abstract Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of electronic device usage and its association with mental health status among preschool children aged 3-6 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children aged 3-6 years in kindergartens in Makkah city in 2023-2024, using an electronic questionnaire. An Arabic version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health. Results: We recruited a total of 399 children. The prevalence of electronic device usage was 91.5%. The number of hours spent using electronic devices ranged from 0 to 12 hour (h)/day, with a mean of 3.1 h/day. We found …

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Newborn Hearing Screening In Eastern Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Hospital Experience Sep 2024

Newborn Hearing Screening In Eastern Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Hospital Experience

Saudi Medical Journal

Abstract Objectives: To analyze the performance of a leading institution in implementing newborn hearing screening and address two key areas: the knowledge gap in screening practice and the prevalence of permanent sensorineural hearing loss in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We analyzed the prevalence of hearing impairment in all live births at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, from September 2018 to June 2022. Automated auditory brainstem response was used for both initial screening and rescreening. Newborns who failed the rescreening underwent a diagnostic evaluation. We assessed the coverage of initial screening, the rate of lost follow-up, referrals …

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A Social Status Theory Of Defamation Law, Yonathan A. Arbel Sep 2024

A Social Status Theory Of Defamation Law, Yonathan A. Arbel

Articles

Despite deep inequality in social status and social capital in American society, legal scholarship has done relatively little to understand the structures that produce status and maintain its distribution. The Article argues that defamation law plays such a role. The orthodox view is that defamation law's goal is to protect dignity. This view was expressed in a famous Supreme Court holding in 1966, which held that defamation law is necessary to protect "the essential dignity" of "every human being. " The later seminal work of Robert Post cemented it. Seemingly unrelated, scholars of defamation law have found its structure mystifying, …

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Hachette V. Internet Archive: How And Why The Courts Broke Copyright, Michelle M. Wu Sep 2024

Hachette V. Internet Archive: How And Why The Courts Broke Copyright, Michelle M. Wu

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The exclusive rights of copyright owners have always been overbroad which, if read literally, would make many common activities illegal (e.g., reading a book during library story hour, making a mixed tape, etc). What has prevented overreach is a social contract. The public at large has been tolerant of copyright’s broad grant of rights because of the understanding that the rights would be exercised only in very limited circumstances. The rights were not intended to empower copyright owners to undermine the overwhelming number of reasonable uses of copyrighted works that make society productive. For centuries, rightsholders and courts have generally …

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Forgotten Topological Index And Its Properties On Neutrosophic Graphs, G. Vetrivel, M. Mullai, R. Buvaneshwari Sep 2024

Forgotten Topological Index And Its Properties On Neutrosophic Graphs, G. Vetrivel, M. Mullai, R. Buvaneshwari

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Topological indices play a significant role in crisp, fuzzy graphs and their real-life application. But to avoid the vagueness in the final result, these indices should be dealt with in the neutrosophic environment since it consolidates the uncertain quantity or values of an event in the name of "indeterminacy membership". Except for the wiener index, no other indices are introduced under the neutrosophic graphical setting. In this article, we consider the forgotten topological index (ToI) and the Edge forgotten index in the 3-valued logic neutrosophic graph and came up with some important theorem results and applications.

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