Digital Commons Network^™

Editor's Note, Robert Hackey

Narrative Medicine: Essays on Health and Care

No abstract provided.

Feminine Validation As The Foundation Of Masculine Authority In Woolf’S To The Lighthouse, Arianna Walters

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse follows Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay as they navigate the complexities of gender characteristics within their marriage and family. As the novel progresses, normal marital and familial disputes invoke a deeper question: what is the true authority behind masculinity? Though the instinct is to first answer with dominance, the novel challenges readers to see the fluidity of both feminine and masculine traits. This essay argues that masculine authority is not self-sustaining, but relies on feminine validation to transform relationships within the family. This dependence is clearly fulfilled through Mr. Ramsay’s transformation at the end of the …

Shutdown As Strategy: A Repeated Game Model Of Government Shutdowns With Audience Costs And Credible Commitment Problems, Tanisha Mazumder

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

Government shutdowns impose enormous costs on the economy and on federal workers, and yet they keep happening, and they keep getting longer. Why? The existing literature treats shutdowns as either a byproduct of legislative gridlock or a symptom of partisan polarization, but neither account explains why rational political actors repeatedly choose an outcome that nobody wants. This paper argues that shutdowns are not bargaining failures but strategic equilibrium outcomes, sustained by the political cost of being seen to back down. I model government shutdown as a repeated Chicken game between Democrats and Republicans with three parameters: the policy benefit of …

Mediation Between Internality And Externality In Woolf’S Gendered Spheres, Grace Laubenthal

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

Virginia Woolf was a feminist writer who used stream of consciousness to push the boundaries of capturing one’s thoughts with written words. Though her writing style and the feminist nature of her texts have been extensively analyzed by scholars, they have not been used in tandem to develop a deeper interpretation of her work. Her novel To the Lighthouse is rich in gendered politics as well as an exploration of internality and externality. I will explore this text by reading Woolf’s stream of consciousness style through a feminist lens.  The feminine private sphere is associated with internality through Mrs. Ramsay, …

Debate Driven By Districts: Nullification At The Local Level In South Carolina, Dillon Kantor

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

Protective tariffs have long been a controversial topic in the United States, as individual states often have grievances with their implementation. The most dangerous of these controversies was the Nullification Crisis, a sectional conflict that almost led to South Carolina’s secession from the Union 30 years before the Civil War. Despite the wealth of scholarship that has covered the Nullification Crisis, no analysis has fully concentrated on the debates that drove the conflict on the local level. These local meetings and debates sought to settle where individual districts stood on key issues underscoring the crisis, such as the tariff itself, …

A Neurological Perspective Of Phantom Limb Pain And Potential Treatment Through Bionic Prosthetics, Leo Chu, Falisha Johnson, Noorjhan Alam

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

Phantom limb pain (PLP) represents a major post-amputation complication, exerting substantial effects on neural processing, rehabilitation, and quality of life in amputees. This review explores the neurological mechanisms behind PLP and the clinical implications of neuro-prosthetics. Paper 1 provided a case study utilizing several questionnaires to draw a negative link between extreme perceptions of PLP and mental health. Paper 2 reported the correlation between PLP and cortical rewiring. Functional MRI (fMRI) data from 30 amputees showed post-amputation reorganization of neuronal signaling in several brain regions: the somatosensory cortex, caudate nucleus, bilateral insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. The brain’s adjustment to …

When The Mas’ Done: The Limits Of Carnival In The Dragon Can’T Dance, Sasha Budesa

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

In Earl Lovelace's The Dragon Can't Dance, Carnival is at once both a resistant cultural inheritance and a politically unstable form of rebellion. This essay argues that while Carnival gives the dispossessed people of Calvary Hill a language through which to assert their personhood, it ultimately misdirects revolutionary potential to temporary, ephemeral forms. Through Aldrick's dragon, Fisheye's steelband, and the failed revolt of the People's Liberation Army, Lovelace exposes the limits of resistance when it remains contained within a spectacle. Through Philo, Sylvia, and the changing people of the Corner, Lovelace further shows that symbolic rebellion is incompatible with …

Introduction

Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research

An Introduction to the 2026 issue of Locus: The Seton Hall Journal of Undergraduate Research.

Active Ingredients Of Piper Betle Extracts And Their Antibacterial Effects On Levilactobacillus Brevis, Chao-Jung Chen, Hung-Tse Huang, Jung-Feng Hsieh, Bang-Yuan Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Levilactobacillus brevis, a common beer spoilage bacterium, causes acidification during brewing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of Piper betle extracts against L. brevis and identify their active constituents. A crude ethanol extract was obtained from P. betle leaves and further fractionated into chloroform, ethyl acetate (PBAE), and aqueous extracts via liquid-liquid partitioning. Among all extracts, PBAE exerted the strongest antibacterial effects, forming an inhibition zone (diameter = 57.5 ± 0.71 mm) larger than that formed by the P. betle ethanol extract (diameter = 45.5 ± 0.71 mm) and the gentamicin control (diameter = 21.0 ± …

Nanoparticle-Based Innovations In Lung Cancer Treatment: Challenges And Opportunities, Shailesh Sharma, Chamanpreet Kaur, Gurminder Kaur, Surajpal Verma

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nanoparticles (NPs) present a therapeutic revolution in the context of lung cancer, having several and unique advantages over many traditional drugs, such as increased specificity, minimal side effects on healthy tissues, and increased efficacy. It definitely provides a detailed understanding of preparation techniques for nanoparticles for lung cancer treatment, as well as assessment approaches and therapeutic applications of nanoparticles in cancer treatment. The incorporation of drugs into nanoparticle-based systems is then critically discussed with emphasis on their capability to circumvent MDR and target tumour cell lines. Also, the review mentioned the development in the agnostic application, the nanoparticles that are …

Alginate Raft-Forming Antacid Compositions Of Sodium Alginate, Calcium Carbonate, And Sodium Bicarbonate In Capsule, Tablet, Powder, Liquid, Gel, And Chewing Gum Dosage Forms For Gastroesophageal And Laryngopharyngeal Reflux, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Alginate raft-forming antacid compositions for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), heartburn, and regurgitation are disclosed, comprising sodium alginate (100 to 2,400 mg per dosage unit), calcium carbonate (0 to 500 mg; 0 to 200 mg elemental calcium, with both compound-weight and elemental-calcium conventions expressly covered), and sodium bicarbonate (0 to 400 mg), together with weight ratios, representative subranges, serving sizes of one to six units, and daily dosage regimens. Four exemplary capsule formulations are set out with formulation input amounts, label amounts, excipients, and capsule specifications, including swallowable HPMC capsules in which the alginate raft …

Integrating Ai In Lesson Planning: Critical Reflection And Thoughtful Implementation, Chris Wilcoxen, Amanda Steiner, Julie Bell

The Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on Pedagogy and Learning Design, Vol. 1, Issue 1., Fall 2026

If generative AI can reduce the cognitive load associated with preliminary planning tasks, beginning teachers might gain space to develop their lessons and adapt instruction more quickly. This study employed a directed qualitative content analysis to examine how beginning teachers modify AI-generated lesson plans in ways that reflect pedagogical reasoning. Data collection occurred throughout the instructional cycle. Artifacts analyzed included 1) modified AI-generated lesson plans 2) recorded lesson implementation videos, 3) written or video reflections, and 4) open ended survey questions. The study yielded 88 qualitative artifacts and 26 open-ended responses. Findings indicate that while AI provides a useful baseline …

Michigan Academician Volume 50, Issue 2

Michigan Academician

2026 Abstract Issue

The Myth Of Evenhanded Administration: Integrating Individual Heterogeneity Into Benefit–Cost Analysis, Richard L. Revesz, Burçin Ünel, Sarah Wheaton

Duke Law Journal

In 2025, the Trump administration ended long-standing efforts to determine the extent to which pollution has disproportionate impacts on different communities, including overburdened and disadvantaged communities. But, at the same time, it reaffirmed its commitment to performing benefit–cost analysis to analyze the consequences of regulations. These approaches are mutually inconsistent. A proper benefit–cost analysis simply cannot be done without considering the distribution of a policy's impacts.

Generally, benefit–cost analyses are conducted based on impacts on an average member of the population—that is, a person with median characteristics. Often, however, the populations affected by government policies vary from the median in …

Moving Beyond Comparators: Rethinking Title Vii Intersectional Claims, Virali Patel

Duke Law Journal

Title VII promises to protect employees from discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. However, for plaintiffs who assert claims on the basis of more than one identity, that promise often falls apart in court. This Note argues that the comparator requirement is part of the issue. Courts often demand that plaintiffs point to a "similarly situated" coworker who both was treated better and resembles the plaintiff in almost every respect but for the protected trait. Because antidiscrimination doctrine most commonly analyzes race and sex as separate, non-overlapping categories, intersectional plaintiffs face an evidentiary bind: Comparators available …

Overbreadth, Facial Validity, And The Nature Of First Amendment Rights, Randy J. Kozel

Duke Law Journal

The doctrine of First Amendment overbreadth instructs judges to treat certain statutes as unenforceable even if they have lawful applications. The theory is that if a statute restricts too much protected speech, it is invalid on its face. The fact that it has some lawful applications will not save it.

This Article seeks to redefine the relationship between overbreadth, facial invalidity, and judicial review of speech restrictions. It disentangles overbreadth concerns from facial defects, shifting the focus to the underlying sources of constitutional infirmity. The Article's central claim is that it is impossible for a statute to fail as overbroad. …

Grants Pass And Its New Defendants: Looking To Drug Courts To Improve Homeless Courts, Paige Kupas

Duke Law Journal

The U.S. Supreme Court's 2024 decision in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson was consequential both for the judicial system and for homeless defendants. The Court's holding that ordinances punishing sleeping and camping outside were not cruel and unusual punishments under the Eighth Amendment opened the floodgates for municipalities to either pass or enhance enforcement of such ordinances. What followed was an increase in the number of homeless defendants in the court system. Not only does this Grants Pass result put more pressure on already overburdened court dockets, but it also exacerbates an already broken system in which the most …

Journal Staff

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

“I’M A Biracial Person Who Looks White In A Black Man’S Rap Game”: Exploring Expressions Of Multiracialized Masculine Vulnerability In Logic’S “Everybody”, Matthew Oware

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

The field of Black vulnerability studies includes analyses of Black men rap artists’ sexual debut, romantic relationships, mental stress, self-medication, and suicidal thoughts. I expand this analysis to Black-white mixed-race men who express emotional vulnerability regarding their racial identities. Using a case study of the song “Everybody” by Logic—a Black and white, mixed-race man—I find that Logic expresses joy and pride in his Black and biracial identity. Similarly, I observe that he expresses anger and frustration toward those who question, dismiss, or degrade his Black and biracial identities, a pattern paralleled in research on multiracial individuals. By analyzing his radio …

Report On Open Educational Resource And Open Access Publication Practices Of Winona State University Educators, Kayla Olson

Library Faculty Works

This report presents the findings from a survey disseminated to all employees over Winter 2026 that focused on Winona State University educators' knowledge of and practices around copyright/intellectual property, open educational resources (OERs), and open access (OA) publishing. It establishes a baseline understanding of our educators’ advanced information and professional development needs, and can be replicated in the future if needed. In all, responses suggest that there may be continued interest in professional development and support around OERs, some interest in professional development around OA publishing, and potential benefits to further faculty and staff development around copyright/intellectual property. The author …

Innovative Development Of Synthetic Biology Industry From Perspective Of Deep Integration Of Four Chains, Qin Guo, Chao Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Future industries represent the development direction of technological innovation and emerging industries, and are the main path to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity. As an important subsector of the future industry, synthetic biology industry is becoming a new track and new format for new quality productivity, and various regions are making cutting-edge directions such as synthetic biology industry a hot topic for future industrial layout. Based on the analysis of typical cities such as Shenzhen, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Changzhou, the current integration of the Four Chains in the synthetic biology industry is facing a four-dimensional dilemma …

Ai-Driven Drug Innovation Research: Trends, Challenges, And Countermeasures, Tian Miao, Qi Zhou, Lianzheng Zhou, Weijun Xu, Siyuan Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming the innovation paradigm, industrial ecosystem, and business model of drug research and development. In recent years, the global AI-driven pharmaceutical market has grown rapidly. Major economies, multinational pharmaceutical enterprises, and technology giants are accelerating their strategic deployment. AI pharmaceutical industry has entered a critical stage of transitioning from proof-of-concept to commercial-application. China attaches great importance to the integrated development of AI and the biopharmaceutical industry, but it still faces challenges, including data scarcity, talent shortages, algorithmic black-boxes, regulatory lag, and weak foundations. This study proposes measures from the aspects of data supply, talent cultivation, …

Forging “The Backbone Of The Blue Sky”: Pathways For Enhancing Independent Innovation Capability Of China’S Commercial Aircraft Industry, Qianshu Shi, Chao Zhang, Quan Cheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Advancing indigenous innovation in China’s commercial aircraft industry is essential for strengthening the country’s high-end equipment manufacturing capabilities and enhancing the technological self-reliance of its aviation sector. China has achieved notable progress in key technological breakthroughs, industrial system development, and commercial operational validation. Nevertheless, gaps remain between China and the world’s leading aviation powers, owing primarily to an insufficient supply of original advances from fundamental research, underdeveloped mechanisms linking collaborative innovation activities, limited capacity for the independent iteration of core systems, and inadequate accumulation of lifecycle data. Strengthening fundamental aeronautical research is therefore critical to overcoming these constraints. Drawing on …

Breaking Through Bottleneck In Overseas Expansion Of China’S Commercial Aircraft: Pathways For Business Model Innovation, Mengru Dong, Chaofeng Huang, Chao Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The overseas expansion of China’s commercial aircraft is a strategic choice for building manufacturing power, transportation power, and aviation powerhouse. Business model innovation serves as a crucial means to enable these aircraft to overcome international competition barriers and accelerate their overseas expansion. Based on the analysis of the urgency of the overseas expansion of China’s commercial aircraft and the necessity of business model innovation, this study systematically reviews the main business models for the overseas expansion of global commercial aircraft, including the complete aircraft sales model, the collaborative operation model, and the full life cycle service model. Furthermore, based on …

Current Status, Challenges, And Countermeasures For Airworthiness Certification Of China’S Large Homegrown Aircraft, Liming Ge, Mingda Yang, Zixuan Liu, Yichen Wang, Jing Deng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The airworthiness certification of domestically produced large aircraft serves as both a crucial foundation for achieving self-reliance and independent control over China’s aviation industry chain and a key support for deep participation in the governance of global civil aviation rules. Currently, the airworthiness certification system has taken initial shape, localized infrastructure networks are gradually improving, and the benefits of a super-large market are continuously being realized, effectively facilitating the successful large-scale commercial operation of the C919 airplane. The development of domestic large aircraft families places greater demands on certification resource coordination and airworthiness management throughout the aircraft life cycle. However, …

International Experiences, Lessons, And Implications For Development Of Commercial Aircraft Industry, Chaofeng Huang, Cuilin Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The commercial aircraft industry serves as a cornerstone for building a strong aviation country, a new engine driving economic growth, and a core carrier for upgrading the aviation industrial structure. Over more than 70 years of global industrial evolution, commercial aircraft development programs in most countries have encountered bottlenecks and withdrawn from the market, resulting in a duopoly dominated by the United States and Europe, which has accumulated abundant practical experience and historical lessons. At present, China’s commercial aircraft industry has entered a new phase of large‑scale production and international expansion. Nevertheless, it still faces challenges including bottlenecks in key …

Dual Helix Drive For High-Level Technological Self-Reliance And Self-Improvement: Systematic Interaction Between Strategic Scientists And The Chinese Spirit Of Scientists, Jianqiang Li, Side Hu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement necessitates the cultivation of commensurate strategic soft power. This study aims to elucidate how strategic scientists and the Chinese spirit of scientists, through deep-seated “systematic interaction”, form a “dual helix engine” that propels the national innovation system toward an advanced stage. Drawing on complex adaptive systems theory, a three-layer dynamic interaction model is constructed comprising “value internalization–organizational empowerment – ecological co-evolution”. The findings indicate that strategic scientists serve as the personified carriers and strategic executors of the Chinese spirit of scientists. Through paradigm guidance, institutional creation, and cross-boundary catalysis, they translate spiritual values into …

Two Modes Of Sustainable Development Transition, Shuai Zhang, Dajian Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Sustainable development has become a global consensus. Every country should carry out sustainable development transition. Due to large differences in development stages and the ecological impacts imposed on the Earth, developed countries and developing countries ought to adopt different modes of sustainable development transition. By using the Doughnut model as an analytical tool, which has made a significant impact at the forefront of sustainable development research, this paper thoroughly discusses the two modes of sustainable development transition. The Transition Mode of Developed Countries (Mode B) refers to transition from the outer circle to the middle circle of the Doughnut model. …

Resource Security Research In China In The New Era: Evolving Concepts, Paradigm Shifts, And Strategic Pathways, Dong Jiang, Jinwei Dong, Yanzhao Yang, Jingying Fu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Resource security serves as a critical foundation for safeguarding national security and underpinning high-quality socioeconomic development. Major geopolitical conflicts, such as the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the US-Israeli strikes on Iran, have intensified turbulence across global resource supply chains, positioning resource security as a central arena of strategic competition among nations. As a major consumer and trading power in global resource markets, China faces persistently high import dependence for critical mineral resources, and the pressure to ensure resource security amid the pursuit of high-quality development continues to mount. Against this backdrop, resource security is evolving from a narrow focus on supply …

Progress, Challenges, And Policy Recommendations For China’S Climate Investment And Financing Pilot Zones In Context Of Carbon Neutrality, Xianchun Tan, Zhaoyang Deng, Chenxu Wang, Zhe Peng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

To implement the decisions and arrangements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on addressing climate change and to channel more capital toward climate action, China launched its first batch of 23 climate investment and finance pilot areas in 2022. Through the end of 2025, this study tracks and assesses of pilot development, synthesizes innovative models, identifies major challenges, and proposes policy recommendations. The results show that the pilot areas have made solid progress, with more than 260 supporting policy documents issued and over 6 300 projects, representing total planned investment exceeding RMB …