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Synthesis And Characterization Of Silica Nanoparticles From Solar Panel Glass Cullet, Pathomporn Ussawanawachat, Nithiwach Nawaukkaratharnant, Apirat Theerapapvisetpong

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The rapid growth of solar energy as a renewable resource has led to a significant increase in discarded solar panels. Recycling their glass components, especially fine cullet fragments, remains a major challenge due to impurity levels and processing limitations. This study proposes a sustainable approach to recycle solar panel glass cullet into high-purity silica nanoparticles using alkali fusion followed by acid precipitation. Process conditions including cullet to NaOH ratio, fusion temperature, and surfactant addition were optimized. The highest silica yield of 60.26% was achieved at a 1:1.4 cullet to NaOH ratio and 500℃. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 1000) was used as …

Laser Ablation Behavior And Ablation Threshold Of Entropy-Controlled Perovskite Coatings, Shuo Wang, Junyang Lu, Mengqing Zhang, Jiayi Zheng, Tong Zhang

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The protection threshold of laser ablation resistant materials lags behind the development of laser power density. Single-functional laser ablation resistant materials can no longer meet the practical needs. High-entropy perovskites with infinite chemical composition, tunable bandgap structure, and efficient thermal management capabilities provide new ideas for developing novel high-reflectivity and low-thermal-conductivity multifunctional laser ablation resistant materials. Herein, leveraging these unique advantages of high-entropy perovskites in optics and thermodynamics, four entropy-controlled perovskite coatings, Ba(Zn1/2Ta1/2)O3 (BZTO), Ba(Zn1/3Ta1/3Nb1/3)O3 (BZTNO), Ba(Zn1/4Ta1/4Nb1/4Ti1/4)O3 (BZTNTO) and Ba(Zn1/5Ta1/5Nb1/5Ti1/5Zr1/5)O3 (BZTNTZO) are designed. Through time-dependent laser ablation experiments, the optical and thermal properties are comprehensively evaluated. And laser ablation behavior …

Downstreaming Of Natural Materials Huta Ginjang Quartz Sand Doped With Nd2o3 For Laser Medium Application, Juniastel Rajagukguk, Jakrapong Kaewkhao

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The QSBoBa glasses with chemical formula 10 Quartz sand + (50-x) B2O3 + 10BaO + 30Na2O + xNd2O3 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mol%) were prepared by a conventional melt-quenching technique. The successfully fabricated glass samples will be analyzed based on their physical, structural, optical and luminescent properties. The XRD and FTIR spectra have been included to observe the complete structural properties. Optical absorption spectra revealed several characteristic transitions, with a prominent hypersensitive transition 4I9/2→4G5/2 at 584 nm, indicating an increasing asymmetry and disorder at higher Nd3+ concentrations. The photoluminescence emission spectra demonstrated strong radiative transitions of …

Crack Development Of Electroplated Niw Alloys And Their Wettability And Tribological Properties, Jidsucha Darayen, Suwat Ploypech, Martin Metzner, Claudia Beatriz Dos Santos, Petch Jearanaisilawong, Yuttanant Boonyongmaneerat

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study investigates how sodium tungstate concentration (20–46 wt.%) and current density (40–60 A/dm²) affect the microstructure, wettability, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of electrodeposited Ni-W coatings. Results show that increasing current density markedly raises crack density (from <100 to >400 cracks/cm²), while tungstate concentration has minimal effect. XRD confirms Ni-W solid solution formation, with higher tungsten content refining grains and increasing hardness—peaking at 900 HV at 50 A/dm² (an 80% rise from 500 HV at 40 A/dm²). However, excessive stress at 60 A/dm² leads to microcracking and hardness plateauing (~650–700 HV). Higher crack density improves wettability (contact angle ~17°), enhancing lubricant …

Upcycled Waste-Derived Triboelectric Nanogenerator For Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Archana Panda, Basanta Kumar Panigrahi, Subhendu Pati, Sunit Gourav Mohanty, Kushal Ruthvik Kaja

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The proliferation of disposable paper-based materials in laboratories has raised significant environmental concerns due to their rapid discard and accumulation. This study explores the upcycling of commonly discarded laboratory waste, specifically butter paper and polyurethane (PU) foam, into a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting. The fabricated device employs butter paper as the positive triboelectric layer and PU foam as the negative layer, with an aluminium tape electrode. Electrical tests reveal a peak voltage of 21 V and current of 47 nA, reaching a maximum power of 438 nW at 500 MΩ load. The TENG demonstrates stable performance …

“University Stress” Exploring The Potential Impact Of An Immersive Art Experience On A College Campus, Lyn Godley, C. Virginia O'Hayer, Raegan Davis, Emily Wakschal, Chelsi N. Nurse, Wendy J. Ross, Abigail Spraker, Nate Godshall, Rosemary Frasso

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

There is growing interest in the effects of immersive art on wellbeing, which engages multiple senses and facilitates deeper engagement. University settings, particularly during high-stress periods like exams, are increasingly emphasizing mental health interventions to combat rising rates of anxiety, depression, stress, and suicidal ideation. This study investigates the potential of a fully immersive art experience to positively impact mood and reduce stress in a university setting. Pre- and post-visit questionnaires, including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) survey, were administered to assess emotional changes. Additional open-ended questions provided qualitative feedback. Results showed statistically significant decreases in 12 negative …

The Effects Of Starting Microstructure On The Results Of Double Intercritical Annealing Process Of 0.107%C-2.39%Mn-0.453%Si Dual Phase Steel, Wichayut Chumoung, Nithi Saenarjhan

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study investigates and compares the effects of the starting microstructure on the double intercritical annealing (DIA) process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.11%C-2.39%Mn-0.45%Si dual phase steel. The specimens were austenitized, followed by water quenching (WQ) or air cooling (AC), then DIA at 730°C. For the WQ method, high cooling rate results in the formation of a high strength martensitic structure. Conversely, AC method yields a moderate cooling rate, forming a bainitic structure. After single intercritical annealing (SIA), the microstructure transformed into ferrite and martensite. WQ method specimens contain high stress concentration, leading to earlier recrystallization compared to …

Effects Of Thickness On The Performance Of Sno2 Gas Sensors Using Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic, Montri Aiempanakit, Kittiyaporn Singsumphan, Chutima Nakmuk, Cheewita Suwanchawalit, Manatsawee Srirak, Kata Jaruwongrungsee, Anurat Wisitsoraat, Monrudee Liangruksa, Chawarat Siriwong

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study develops SnO2-based gas sensors integrated with a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) micro hotplate for ethanol detection. SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple precipitation method, and sensing layers with varying thicknesses around 0.24 µm, 0.71 µm, and 1.20 µm were applied to evaluate their influence on performance. The results show that the optimal configuration is a 0.71 µm layer, offering high sensitivity, fast response, and efficient recovery. Operating at a low voltage of 3.2 V, the sensors exhibit low power consumption, suitable for portable and battery-operated applications. The gas-sensing mechanism relies on changes in resistance due to interactions …

Atmospheric Corrosion Of Hot Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Exposed To The Tropical Climate Of Thailand, Adithep Bunphot, Pakawat Sancharoen, Somnuk Tangtermsirikul, Taweep Chaisomphob

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Hot dip galvanized steels were tested in the atmospheric tropical climate environments of Thailand for 12 month from March 2021 to March 2022. Three locations were studied, i.e. a rural area at Saraburi in the central part, an industrial area at Chonburi in the eastern part, and a coastal/urban area at Songkhla in the southern part of Thailand. The thickness loss of the galvanized steel samples was measured by the weight loss method. Types of corrosion products observed on the samples were zincite, wulfingite, hydrozincite, and simonkolleite. All of them were found on the sample at Songkhla. Three of them, …

Lactic Acid-Assisted Complexation For Enhanced Lithium Extraction And Its Application To Spent Libs, Sibananda Sahu, Niharbala Devi

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

A novel approach for complexing lithium with lactic acid to enhance extraction efficiency and its application to spent LIBs was proposed in this study. Key parameters influencing the extraction were systematically examined, including lactic acid concentration, pH of the aqueous phase, concentration of extractant, diluent selection, phase ratio between organic and aqueous phase, and stripping efficiency. Lithium extraction showed a remarkable improvement, rising from 16% to 43%, as the lactic acid concentration enhanced from 0.01 mol∙L‒1 to 1.0 mol∙L‒1. This was achieved using D2EHPA (0.1 mol∙L‒1)  at a maintained pH of 6.5. Maximum lithium extraction of 84.5% was observed at …

Development Of Ceramic Based Novel Materials For Application In Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (Ltsofc) – A Critical Review, Kaliappan Tamilselvan, Arputharaj Samson Nesaraj

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In the field of renewable energy, fuel cell research has emerged as a promising source of energy for the future. Fuel cells utilize fuels more efficiently compared to other energy generation systems. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are gaining prominence due to their applications in military operations, mobile power supplies, and stationary power generation. Significant research efforts are being made to lower the operating temperature of SOFCs from 1000℃ to approximately 600℃, leading to the development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFCs). This is being achieved by selecting alternative electrode and electrolyte materials, particularly ceramics, to enhance their …

The Effect Of Asphalt Emulsion On The Properties Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymers, Natcha Prommityat, Chiravoot Pechyen, Pitak Laoratanakul, Benya Cherdhirunkorn

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research aimed to study the effect of asphalt emulsion (AE) on the properties of fly ash based geopolymers. Solid waste materials used for the production of geopolymer were coal fly ash (FA) 70 wt% and bagasse ash (BA) 30 wt%. Alkaline solution used for the geopolymerization reaction was the mixture of 10 M NaOH and Na2Sio3

with the ratio of 1:2. The liquid and solid (L/S) ratios of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 were prepared. The AE of 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% were added into the raw materials mixtures. Then, the mixed slurry was casted into a …

Antibacterial, Self-Adhesive Guar Gum/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tannic Acid Conductive Hydrogels For Flexible Strain Sensors, Noppanan Putdon, Somnuk Theerakulpistut, Rawit Jittham, Pornnapa Kasemsiri

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this research, a multifunctional strain sensor with antibacterial properties and self-adhesion capabilities was developed using guar gum (GG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and tannic acid (TA). The incorporation of TA into GG-PVA hydrogel-based strain sensors was investigated to evaluate its effects on mechanical and electrical properties, self-adhesion, and antibacterial activities. The anti-bacterial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were enhanced with the increasing content of TA. The adhesive strength was observed in the range of 1.20 ± 0.10 kPa to 5.05 ± 0.23 kPa, and the values tended to increase as TA content increased. The …

Mechanochemical Synthesis Of Ni(Ii)-Tptz Complexes With Co-Ligands: Spectroscopy, Dft, And Biological Studies, Deepak Senapati, Anulipsa Priyadarshini, Debadutta Samal, P. Ramesh Babu, Satyanarayan Sahoo, Narayan Chandra Bera, Raghabendra Samantaray, Jagannath Panda, Rojalin Sahu

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

New mixed-ligand Ni(II) complexes [Ni(tptz)(1,10-phen)] (1), [Ni(tptz)(2-Mimd)2] (2), and [Ni(tptz)Imd)2] (3) were synthesized via a green, solvent-free mechanochemical approach using ball milling. The primary ligand used was 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz), with secondary ligands being 1,10-phenanthroline, 2-methyl imidazole, and imidazole, respectively. Structural characterization by IR, UV-Visible, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction, supported by DFT calculations, revealed a distorted square planar geometry for complex 1 and distorted tetrahedral geometries for complex-2 and complex-3. Notably, bathochromic shifts in the UV-Vis spectra confirm metal-ligand charge transfer transitions and extended π-delocalization. Powder XRD analysis determined average crystallite sizes of 17.86 nm (1), 25 nm (2), …

Liquid-Liquid Extraction Of Nd(Iii) Using [P66614][Cy272] Ionic Liquid, Prasanjit Das, Kali Sanjay, Niharbala Devi

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study explores the extraction of Nd(III) from synthetic solutions using the ionic liquid [P66614] [Cy272]. Key extraction parameters, including the effect of phase contact time, initial pH, salting-out agents, extractant concentration, and temperature, were systematically optimized. Results revealed that a phase contact time of 15 min, an initial pH of 2.14, and 0.2 mol∙L‒1 NaCl as a salting-out agent and extractant concentration of 0.015 mol∙L‒1 [P66614][Cy272], achieved maximum extraction efficiency of 99.7%. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process is to be exothermic, spontaneous, and entropy-driven, highlighting the strong complexation between Nd(III) and the ionic liquid [P66614][Cy272]. Stripping tests revealed that …

Communiqué: College Of Humanities, Arts & Sciences Alumni Magazine, Volume 11, 2025, University Of Northern Iowa. College Of Humanities, Arts, And Sciences.

Communiqué: College of Humanities, Arts & Sciences Alumni Magazine

Contents:

EVERY ISSUE
Message from the Dean --- 4
Donor Feature --- 5
CHAS Briefs --- 36
Class Notes --- 38

FEATURES
Engineering Advances --- 6
Japan Water Quality Trip --- 10
Theatre Outreach --- 14
A Future in Physics --- 18
International Teaching --- 24

STORIES
SLP Community Partnership --- 22
Professional Readiness --- 28
Syndaver Lab --- 30
Art Teaching Sisters --- 32
Math Alum Now NBA Coach --- 34

The Discord Dilemma: Section 230'S Free Pass For Internet Providers Sanctioning Online Extremism, Claira L. Cooper

Law Student Publications

This Article examines the relationship between the blanket immunity for internet providers guaranteed by Section 230 of the Communication Decency Act and the rise of online extremism on gaming adjacent platforms. This Article analyzes multiple recent events incited by extremists on the gaming platform, Discord, and the real-life consequences that arise when extremism is allowed run rampant on platforms. This Article argues that Section 230, in its current form, enables platforms to turn a blind eye to illegal conduct on their website by avoiding moderation, thus making it clear that Section 230 is in dire need of an update to …

Core Skills & "Cool Tools" From The Third Generation Of Fcil Librarians, Meredith Capps, Clement Lin, Devan Orr, Alison A. Shea, Loren Turner, Latia Ward

Library Staff Publications

There have been three generations of foreign, comparative, and international law (FCIL) librarians in the United States (US) in the postwar era. FCIL librarians of the first generation were foreign lawyers who emigrated to the US after World War II. Those of the second generation were American lawyer-librarians who built the infrastructure of FCIL librarianship into what it is today. The third generation of FCIL librarians includes the authors of this article. We perform many of the same research tasks as our predecessors, but we do so primarily online through an ever-evolving array of new and emerging technologies. This article …

Cross-Facility Reliable Deep Learning Based Beef Marbling Assessment Via Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Regression, Samuel Vinson, Dongyi Wang

2025 Research Poster Competition

Beef is one of the most important sources of animal protein and plays a crucial role in daily diets to support muscle growth, energy production and overall health. Historically, each beef carcass was evaluated by 3-5 skilled United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) meat graders, which are still considered as the gold standard for grading. Since 2009, electronic imaging grading systems have been approved by the USDA and have been gradually adopted in the grading facilities. Accurate and consistent beef grading plays a critical role in maintaining the quality, market value, and consumer trust in U.S. beef products. The USDA …

Town Of Lempster, New Hampshire, Incorporated 1767, Annual Reports For The Year Ending December 31, 2024, Lempster Town Representatives

Lempster, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Navigating Human-Robotic Interaction Challenges In Teaching-By-Demonstration, Shakra Mehak

Doctoral

The advancement in interdisciplinary research domains, like robotics and HRI, presents a challenging task. It is an exception rather than the norm for research to extend beyond the boundaries of individual disciplines and encompass the challenges presented by other fields of study. This project is part of ”Collaborative Intelligence for Safety Critical Systems” (CISC), which is a Marie Curie Training Network funded by the European Commission to hire and train researchers with the expertise and skillset necessary to carry out the major tasks required to develop a Collaborative Intelligence system. The program encompasses four overarching themes: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Human …

Remote Education And Well-Being In Academia During (Post) Pandemic Times: Insights From Business Schools In V4 Countries, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Jana Kajanová, Michał Ludek, Kamila Matysová, Magdaléna Musilová, Norbert Sipos, Brigitta Szabó-Bálint, Aleksandra Wąsowska, Timea Venczel-Szakó, Jitka Volfová

Studia i Materiały Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Warszawski

Purpose: The study aims to explore the dynamics shaping online education processes in the Visegrad countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary) during the transition to remote learning.

Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative study was conducted among 40 university students and 40 academic teachers from the four countries. The data analysis focused on identifying recurring patterns and challenges in online teaching and learning experiences.

Findings: The research revealed two negative cycles influencing online education. The first, called the cycle of declining engagement, shows how decreasing student engagement led to lower lecturer involvement, which in turn further reduced students’ motivation. The …

Ghosts Of Bilateralism: Collaborative Research On The Afterlives Of A Finnish-Kenyan Water Development Project, Yonatan N. Gez, Claire Médard, Eunice Kamaara, Eric Masese, Carla Bertin, Nathaniel Chimhete, Berenike Eichhorn, Marie-Aude Fouéré, Hellen Githogori, Ilmari Huotari, Raquel Jerobon, Anna-Riikka Kauppinen, Manya Kagan, Mercy Kosgei, Lena Kroeker, Keren Kuenberg, Anselmo Matusse, Munene Mugambi, Lucy W. Mule, George Mutalemwa, Francis Ngure, Orlando Nipassa, Samuel Owiwa, Stephen Nyagaya, Manuel João Manuel, Elisabeth Schubinger, Ali Umulkher, Esther Wahome

Education and Child Study: Faculty Publications

With rising academic interest in heterodox perspectives on international development interventions, including their unintended consequences and so-called “afterlives” (Rudnyckyj and Schwittay 2014; McKay 2012; Gez 2021), identifying suitable research approaches to capture such complex aftermaths emerges as a new challenge for development studies. In what follows, we share insights from our attempt to adapt an existing research approach to generate evidence on development’s afterlives, including the cascading and unintended effects of past development projects, both tangible and intangible.1 In particular, we explore the valence of qualitative-ethnographic methods for diving deeply into the plurality of projects’ lasting legacies, well beyond …

Twitter-Based Osint For Cyber Event Analytics, Dakota S. Dale, Kylie Mcclanahan, W. Sky Elder, Qinghua Li

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) is often regarded as a critical component for cybersecurity intelligence gathering to secure cyber infrastructures. As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and social media progress and become more commonplace, we have the unique opportunity to collect and analyze information from social media in real time. In this paper, we propose an AI-based framework for automatically filtering the Twitter stream for cybersecurity information, analyzing the natural language to aggregate the tweets around specific cybersecurity events, and certifying the information. The system's applications range from discovering events security operators may not have been aware of to helping operators investigate on-going events …

Building An Evidence-Based, Innovative, Special Education Program To Fit The Needs Of New York City Schools And Students, Ginny Dembek, Yoon-Joo Lee, Stella Kyprianou

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Art. Iii-Gpt, Nick Mckinley

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

This article recommends the development and deployment of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) large language model (LLM) tool by and for the federal judiciary. LLMs are revolutionizing legal practice, and judges should accordingly be familiar and in regular practice with LLM technology. LLMs can greatly assist the courts by increasing operational efficiency and public access to justice. Particularly, LLMs can improve efficiency in legal research, legal writing, and administration. LLMs present limitations or potential problems in the form of prompt dependency and harmful bias, limitations of data in their training sets, privacy and confidentiality, and the production of false or fabricated …

Influence Of Sociocultural Aspects And Home Modification On Fall Risks Mitigation Among The Elderly In Thailand, Sumavalee Chindapol

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

This study investigates the impact of sociocultural dimensions on home modifications aimed at mitigating fall risks among elderly individuals residing in community settings. Personal measurements and questionnaire interviews were conducted across five regions in Thailand. Additionally, fall risk assessments were performed on the households of the elderly participants. These assessments incorporated both personal health factors and environmental risks associated with falls, resulting in quantifiable scores. The factors included health conditions, body size, sociocultural factors such as family conditions, physical-cultural aspects of elevated houses, bathroom and bedroom. The research revealed that these factors are significantly associated with fall risk (ρ <0.01), except body dimensions. Differences in body size among elderly individuals in different regions were significantly related to incidences of fall risk (ρ <0.05 in Chiang Mai female, Khonkaen male, Rangsit female, and Songkhla female). The contribution of this research is that different regions have varying body limitations and living culture. It was concluded that elderly females in Chiang Mai are at the highest risk of falling due to body shrinkage, residing in vernacular houses with hazards, and living alone. Overall, universal design may not be directly applicable for home modification in each region.  Consequently, the study suggested that home modifications alone may not offer a comprehensive solution for mitigating fall risks as sociocultural factors related to living conditions also play a significant role in shaping these outcomes.

Sales Rate Prediction For Condominiums In The Bangkok Metropolitan Region Using Deep Learning : Identification Of Determinants And Model Validation, Kongkoon Tochaiwat, Patcharida Seniwong

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

The sales rate is very important information for condominium design and development processes. However, predicting it accurately requires substantial expertise and experience. This research investigated the use of a Deep Learning model to predict condominium sales rates and explored various determinants that influence sales rates. The research was done by (1) identifying the determinant factors from the literature review, (2) collecting 199 data from market survey reports, (3) creating a Deep Learning model that can predict the sales rate of a condominium by its determinant factors, and (4) verifying the model by checking its coefficient of determination (R2 value). The …

Restoring Tranquility : Tackling Traffic Noise For Enhanced Comfort In Indonesia Kaya Park, Semarang City, Indonesia, David Suwarno Kusweanto, Natania Nysa Pertiwi N. S., Eldisya Martha Jebatu

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

The comfort of a landscape can be seen from the microclimate and traffic noise in the landscape. Traffic noise, including tire and engine noise, is a common disturbance, particularly in cities, and can lead to diseases. Indonesia Kaya Park, located in Mugassari, Semarang City, is an urban park and public space managed by the Djarum Foundation. Despite numerous studies evaluating its accessibility and biophilic elements, the condition of traffic noise nor potential interventions have been considered. The research question aims to understand the traffic noise condition of Indonesia Kaya Park and identify necessary interventions. The study used a mixed methodology, …

Evaluating And Optimizing Acoustical Reverberation Time And Material Cost For Classrooms Using Building Information Modeling (Bim) And Generative Design (Gd) Tools, Chavanont Khosakitchalert, Taki Eddine Seghier

NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)

Reverberation time (RT) measures how long sound takes to decay in a space, affecting speech intelligibility and sound quality. Calculating RT using Sabine’s formula is time-consuming and error-prone due to manual extraction of room volume and material surface areas. Balancing RT and cost further complicates material selection. This paper automates RT calculation and optimization using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and generative design (GD). Sound absorption coefficients are input into a BIM model’s material properties, and visual programming (VP) extracts room geometries, materials, and absorption coefficients to compute RT and material costs. A multi-objective optimization algorithm in Autodesk GD identifies the …