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The Behavior Of Piles Installed In Medium Dense Sand Within Mse Wall System, Salah Hamza, Shaymaa Kadhim, Saad Al-Wakel Jul 2026

The Behavior Of Piles Installed In Medium Dense Sand Within Mse Wall System, Salah Hamza, Shaymaa Kadhim, Saad Al-Wakel

Engineering and Technology Journal

Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSE) were widely used in several essential infrastructures, such as the abutments on a bridge. The need for a support base of a shallow or a deep bridge increased in the MSE wall system. In this research, factors affecting the performance of laterally loaded piles embedded in medium dense sand with a relative density of 50% behind an MSE wall were studied using lower-scale models in the laboratory. For instance, the effect of pile offset and the slenderness ratio on the pile's lateral capacity and pressure on the MSE wall. Three different slenderness ratios were introduced …

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Function And Application Of Geogrid In Flexible Pavement Under Dynamic Load, Fatin Jebur, Mohammed Fattah, Ahmed Abduljabbar Jul 2026

Function And Application Of Geogrid In Flexible Pavement Under Dynamic Load, Fatin Jebur, Mohammed Fattah, Ahmed Abduljabbar

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nowadays, the increasing demand for road transport makes maintenance and repair of road infrastructures key tasks of road engineering. The current experimental work consists of laboratory model experiments to understand the conduct of sand as a subgrade under dynamic load and its effect on the flexible pavement and base layer. The reinforcement is applied at the interface between the base and subgrade using SS2 type of geogrid. The road layers are exposed to harmonic dynamic load with two load amplitudes of 10 and 15 kN and two frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz. The vertical stresses in the road layers …

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Characteristics Of Asphalt Binder And Mixture Modified With Waste Polypropylene, Mohammed Fattah, Wissam, Abdulkhabeer, Miami Hilal Jul 2026

Characteristics Of Asphalt Binder And Mixture Modified With Waste Polypropylene, Mohammed Fattah, Wissam, Abdulkhabeer, Miami Hilal

Engineering and Technology Journal

Improving asphalt materials to develop the overall performance of asphalt binders and mixtures has been the focus of several investigations made over the past few decades. The application of discarded waste plastics in asphalt modification was one of the steps taken in this direction. Using waste materials in pavement construction would not only enhances asphalt properties but would also bring out significant saving in road material costs and help towards tackling disposal problems of such waste materials, which tend to be hazardous in as much as they can cause pollution of water, soil, and air. The purpose of this paper …

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Settlement Of Shallow Foundation In Dry Sand Under An Earthquake, Mohammed Al-Neami, Falah Rahil, Ahmed Hussain Jul 2026

Settlement Of Shallow Foundation In Dry Sand Under An Earthquake, Mohammed Al-Neami, Falah Rahil, Ahmed Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

Seismically induced settlement of buildings with shallow foundations resting on dry sand soils has resulted in severe damage in recent earthquakes. A multi-degree of freedom shaking table and a fixed container were manufactured and used to study the foundation settlement. Series of shaking experiments on the shallow foundation situated in a center of the container and atop of a dry sandy soil has been performed to identify the mechanisms involved to calculate the foundation settlement induced by earthquake shaking. In this research, the important factors are identified, including shaking intensity, the soil relative density, the degree of freedom and the …

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Earthquake Response Of Model Footings On Soft Clays Strengthened By Stone Columns, Ann Raheem, Mohammed Fattah, Makki Al-Recaby Jul 2026

Earthquake Response Of Model Footings On Soft Clays Strengthened By Stone Columns, Ann Raheem, Mohammed Fattah, Makki Al-Recaby

Engineering and Technology Journal

The objective of the present study is to understand the behavior of soft soil strengthened by stone columns under dynamic seismic load. Ordinary and encased stone columns were used under different conditions. The present study converges around the dynamic response of stone columns of lateral shaking, the interaction of soil frame for understanding settlement mechanisms and the prediction of dynamic load limitations of foundations in soft soils subjected to seismic load (during vibrations).  The results of this research will provide the basis for assessing measures to reduce the severity of seismic hazards and the seismic design of foundation structures in …

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Chitosan Hydrogel For Removing Of Heavy Metal Ions From Water: A Review, Maysaa Ali, Shemaa Soud, Anaheed Hameed Jul 2026

Chitosan Hydrogel For Removing Of Heavy Metal Ions From Water: A Review, Maysaa Ali, Shemaa Soud, Anaheed Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Industrial and agricultural discharges have been shown as important sources for a wide range of contaminants like heavy metals. This study focused on the assessment of the toxic effect of heavy metals and illustrates some methods of eliminating or avoiding these contaminants. In certain methods, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg, and Cd) are recovered, and range of absorbents are tested. A number of studies have reported the complex interaction of polymers with metal ions with the polymers for eliminating heavy metals (e.g. cellulose, chitosan, and chitin. Metal ions are absorbed by these polymers by the amine and …

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The Hausdorff Algebra Fuzzy Distance And Its Basic Properties, Zainab Khudhair, Jehad Kider Jul 2026

The Hausdorff Algebra Fuzzy Distance And Its Basic Properties, Zainab Khudhair, Jehad Kider

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this article we recall the definition of algebra fuzzy metric space and its basic properties. In order to introduced the Hausdorff algebra fuzzy metric from fuzzy compact set to another fuzzy compact set we define the algebra fuzzy distance between two fuzzy compact sets after that basic properties of  the Hausdorff algebra fuzzy metric between two fuzzy compact sets are proved. Finally the main result in this paper is proved that is if (S, m, ) is a fuzzy complete algebra fuzzy metric space then (AFH(S), h,  ) is a fuzzy complete algebra fuzzy metric space.

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Sensing Performance Of Mono And Bimetallic Nano Photonics Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (Sers) Devices, Doaa Jubair, Alwan Alwan, Walid Hamoudi Jul 2026

Sensing Performance Of Mono And Bimetallic Nano Photonics Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (Sers) Devices, Doaa Jubair, Alwan Alwan, Walid Hamoudi

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, sensing performance of mono and bimetallic nanophotonics SERS sensors of gold-silver nano-columns for the detection of chlorpyrifos was investigated. For optimum substrates for Gold-silver/nano-column surface-enhanced, Raman scattering (SERS) was achieved with the silicon substrate. By combining the Ag SERS activity with the Au chemical stability and nano-columns Si large field enhancement, the Au-Ag/nano-columns Si substrate revealed perfect reproducibility, homogeneity, sensitivity in addition to chemical stability. The sensors were tested by Atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Findings presented in this research indicated modified distributions and …

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Programing And Procedure Design Of Stand-Alone Pv System For Clean Energy Home Supply In Baghdad, Sarah Al-Shammari, Abdulhassan Karamallah, Sattar Habeeb Jul 2026

Programing And Procedure Design Of Stand-Alone Pv System For Clean Energy Home Supply In Baghdad, Sarah Al-Shammari, Abdulhassan Karamallah, Sattar Habeeb

Engineering and Technology Journal

Global demand for energy production is in an increasing trend. However, a gap between energy production and energy demand still represents an industrial challenge. Iraq, like too many developing countries, is an example of such problematic. To tackle these issues, renewable energy could be a valid solution. Renewable energy becomes necessary especially the unique location of the received solar energy and long daylight. Many pieces of research deal with maximum benefit from this condition. This paper discusses the design stand-alone PV system for one home in Baghdad and sizing all components in that system start with energy demand, inverter power, …

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Structural Behavior Of Retrofitted Reinforced Scc Continuous Deep Beam With Cfrp And Hybrid Techniques, Wisam Al -Bdari, Nabeel Al-Bayati, Ihsan Al-Shaarbaf Jul 2026

Structural Behavior Of Retrofitted Reinforced Scc Continuous Deep Beam With Cfrp And Hybrid Techniques, Wisam Al -Bdari, Nabeel Al-Bayati, Ihsan Al-Shaarbaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research, the results of experimental test of seven reinforced SCC continuous deep beams after being retrofitting by CFRP with different techniques. The main objective of the current research is to investigate the structural behavior in the shear performance and failure modes. The first beam tested up to failure and assumed as reference beam, while remaining six beams firstly loaded with 65% of ultimate load capacity then retrofitted by three systems namely: externally bonded reinforcing (EBR) by CFRP strips, near surface mounted technique (NSM) CFRP rods and the third system was hybrid technique by composite between EBR CFRP strips …

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Effect Of Embedment And Spacing Ratios On The Response Of Lateral Load Of Single And Group Piles, Mohammed Al-Neami, Mohammed Al-Dahlaki, Aya Chalob Jul 2026

Effect Of Embedment And Spacing Ratios On The Response Of Lateral Load Of Single And Group Piles, Mohammed Al-Neami, Mohammed Al-Dahlaki, Aya Chalob

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper displays an experimental work of three-scale model tests of single pile and nine–scale model tests of group pile (1x2) with spacing to diameter (S/D) ratios (2,4, and 6) respectively. The pile models inserted in the medium-dense dry sand with a relative density of 60% and different length to diameter (L/D) ratios (15, 25, and 30) were subjected to the lateral load with a rate of 2.5 mm/min. The test results present the effect of the change of the ratio of (L/D) and (S/D) on lateral displacements at the head of the pile. For single and group piles when …

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Effect Of Growth Time On The Structural, Optical And Electrical Properties Of The 1%Fe Doped Tio2 P-Type Synthesized By Hydrothermal Technique, Sattar Hashim, Odai Salman, Khaleel Hassoon Jul 2026

Effect Of Growth Time On The Structural, Optical And Electrical Properties Of The 1%Fe Doped Tio2 P-Type Synthesized By Hydrothermal Technique, Sattar Hashim, Odai Salman, Khaleel Hassoon

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this work, a hydrothermal technique is employed to prepare titanium dioxide films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. A low-cost homemade autoclave was used to fabricate iron-doped -TiO2 films (1at. %Fe) at different reaction times from 1 to 4 hours.  X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the predominant phase is rutile (R-TiO2) with peaks at (101), (002), and (112). The XRD results showed that with increasing reaction time the peaks become sharper and narrowed. The images of the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that with increasing reaction time the films appeared to have vertically aligned TiO2 nanorods. …

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A Survey In Implementation And Applications Of Electroencephalograph (Eeg)-Based Brain-Computer Interface, Samaa Abdulwahab, Hussain Khleaf, Manal Jasim Jul 2026

A Survey In Implementation And Applications Of Electroencephalograph (Eeg)-Based Brain-Computer Interface, Samaa Abdulwahab, Hussain Khleaf, Manal Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an external system that controls activities and processes in the physical world based on brain signals. In Passive BCI, artificial signals are automatically generated by a computer program without any input from nerves in the body. This is useful for individuals with mobility issues. Traditional BCI has been dependent only on recording brain signals with Electroencephalograph (EEG) and has used a rule-based translation algorithm to generate control commands. These systems have developed very accurate translation systems. This paper is about the different methods for adapting the signals from the brain. It has been mentioned that …

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Fpga Implementation Of Modified Reconfigurable Adaptive Gain Scheduling Controller, Ali Wheed, Abbas Issa, Mohammed Y. Jul 2026

Fpga Implementation Of Modified Reconfigurable Adaptive Gain Scheduling Controller, Ali Wheed, Abbas Issa, Mohammed Y.

Engineering and Technology Journal

This article aims to put forward a modified type of adaptive gain scheduling that will be able to deal with the immeasurable and unpredictable variations of system variables by adapting its value at each time instance to follow any change in the input and overcome any disturbance applied to the system without the need to predetermine gains values. In addition, the inverse neural controller will precede the gain scheduling to eliminate the need for complex system linear zing and parameter estimation. Therefore, the problems of needing complex mathematics for system linearization and gains calculations have been solved. The performance of …

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Retrofitting Of Scc Deep Beams With Circular Openings Using Cfrp, Nabeel Al-Bayati, Dhiyaa Mohammed, Nawfal Abdul Jabbar Jul 2026

Retrofitting Of Scc Deep Beams With Circular Openings Using Cfrp, Nabeel Al-Bayati, Dhiyaa Mohammed, Nawfal Abdul Jabbar

Engineering and Technology Journal

The main objectives of this study are: encouraging the production and use of  self-compacting  concrete,  use  of  materials  which  are  lightweight,  easy to  use,  and  highly  efficient  in  the  retrofitting  of  reinforced  concrete buildings. Six deep beams specimens (L= length of 1400mm, h= height of 400mm,   and   b=   width   of   150mm)   were   cast   using   self-compacting concrete.  The  location  of  the  openings  is  in  the  middle  of  assumed  load path.  Five  patterns  were  adopted  to  arrange  carbon  fiber  reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The cylinder compressive strength of the concrete was  approximately  equal  for  all  beams  and  was  about  (44  MPa)  at …

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Effect Of Pile's Number On The Behavior Of Piled Raft Foundation, Dheyaa Hadi, Mohanned Waheed, Mohammed Fattah Jul 2026

Effect Of Pile's Number On The Behavior Of Piled Raft Foundation, Dheyaa Hadi, Mohanned Waheed, Mohammed Fattah

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper introduces an experimental research on the behavior of the piled raft foundation (PRF) in sand of two states (loose and medium sand). A small model has been tested in a soil container and the vertical load was applied to the foundation through a pneumatic jack. The settlement of the foundation was measured using a displacement transducer; three sensors were attached to the pile heads to measure the axial load borne in a group by each pile by the Arduino data logger. The laboratory experiments were carried out on models of (1 pile), (1x2), (1x3), (2x3), (3 x3), (3 …

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A Study About E-Commerce Based On Customer Behaviors, Zainab Mohammed, Suhad Kadhem Jul 2026

A Study About E-Commerce Based On Customer Behaviors, Zainab Mohammed, Suhad Kadhem

Engineering and Technology Journal

E-commerce is one of the new virtual technologies that make life simpler for both traders, marketers, and customers. However, the main problem for the seller was how to know customer's intentions when they enter the website. This paper proposed to predict whether customers make a purchase or not from their previous behaviors.  Therefore, this paper aims to predict the intentions of users that using online -shopping. the main aim of this study is to highlight customer behaviors to predict purchases and make a compression between the works that are related to the subject of this paper to conclude and suggest …

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Intrusion Detection System For Nsl-Kdd Dataset Based On Deep Learning And Recursive Feature Elimination, Bilal Mohammed, Ekhlas Gbashi Jul 2026

Intrusion Detection System For Nsl-Kdd Dataset Based On Deep Learning And Recursive Feature Elimination, Bilal Mohammed, Ekhlas Gbashi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Intrusion detection system is responsible for monitoring the systems and detect attacks, whether on (host or on a network) and identifying attacks that could come to the system and cause damage to them, that’s mean an IDS prevents unauthorized access to systems by giving an alert to the administrator before causing any serious harm. As a reasonable supplement of the firewall, intrusion detection technology can assist systems to deal with offensive, the Intrusions Detection Systems (IDSs) suffers from high false positive which leads to highly bad accuracy rate. So this work is suggested to implement (IDS) by using a Recursive …

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Effect Of Co2 Laser Fluence In Cladding Process On The Microstructure Of Cold Rolled 0.2 % Carbon Steel, Suhair Hussein, Mohammed Kadhim, Mahdi Hanon Jul 2026

Effect Of Co2 Laser Fluence In Cladding Process On The Microstructure Of Cold Rolled 0.2 % Carbon Steel, Suhair Hussein, Mohammed Kadhim, Mahdi Hanon

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this article a 1.8kW continuous wave of high power CO2 laser was used to clad of a titular composition of Ni – 10 wt% Al powder on cold rolled 0.2% carbon steel substrate. The feed rate was kept constant after many preliminary claddings at approximately 11 g/min.  In order to produce clads with different specific energies and interaction times, different traverse speeds were used in the range of 1.5 to 12.5 mm/s. The microstructure of substrate was changed at the heat affected zones under the variety of specific energies. The cladded coatings showed the presence of ɣ solid solution …

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Effect Of Tigris River's Stage On The Groundwater Level, Mustafa Al-Tahir, Thair Khayyun Jul 2026

Effect Of Tigris River's Stage On The Groundwater Level, Mustafa Al-Tahir, Thair Khayyun

Engineering and Technology Journal

The research studies the effect of change of the Tigris  River's surface stage on groundwater movement by building a three-dimension model  using GMS model for a catchment area in Baghdad city. The model is built and calibrated by using the information of 16 wells for the year 2015 . Three scenarios of river elevation stage are used when the stage  elevation is maximum, average and minimum. The movement of groundwater according to the results was from the north-west to the Tigris River location. Also, the results show the velocity of groundwater in case of the minimum water surface level stage …

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Real-Time Hand Gesture Extraction Using Python Programming Language Facilities, Azher Fahad, Hassan Hassan, Salma Abdullah Jul 2026

Real-Time Hand Gesture Extraction Using Python Programming Language Facilities, Azher Fahad, Hassan Hassan, Salma Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Hand gesture recognition is one of communication in which used bodily behavior to transmit several messages. This paper aims to detect hand gestures with the mobile device camera and create a customize dataset that used in deep learning model training to recognize hand gestures. The real-time approach was used for all these objectives: the first step is hand area detection; the second step is hand area storing in a dataset form to use in the future for model training. A framework for human contact was put in place by studying pictures recorded by the camera. It was converted the RGB …

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Wheelchair Movement Based On Convolution Neural Network, Maisaa Kodher, Jammila Saud, Hani Hassan Jul 2026

Wheelchair Movement Based On Convolution Neural Network, Maisaa Kodher, Jammila Saud, Hani Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper intends to develop a methodology for helping amputees and crippled people old, by ongoing voice direction and association between patient and personal computer (PC) where these blends offer a promising response for helping the debilitated people. The major objective of this work is accurately detected audio orders via a microphone of an English language (go, stop, right and left) in a noisy environment by the proposed system. Thus, a patient that utilizes the proposed system can be controlling a wheelchair movement. The venture depends on preparing an off-line dataset of audio files are included 10000 orders and background …

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Optimized Pid Control Of Quadrotor System Using Extremum Seeking Algorithm, Abdullah Muhsen, Safanah Raafat Jul 2026

Optimized Pid Control Of Quadrotor System Using Extremum Seeking Algorithm, Abdullah Muhsen, Safanah Raafat

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents the development of an automatic tuning of conventional PI-D controllers for Quadrotor system. The most critical problem of tuning the parameters of the PID, is that they can drastically affect the performance of the system. Accordingly, Extremum seeking (ES) algorithm is utilized here to reduce a selected cost function that brings the required performance aspects. The results show that the ES-PID controller provides better stability and performance as compared with only PI-D controller. The parameters of ES-PID controller have been successfully tuned and modified to reach the desired destination with significantly less overshoot, oscillations, and faster convergence.

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Preparation Of Nickel Oxide Microparticles By Pulsed Laser Ablation And Application To Gas Sensors, Nedal Hussain, Luma Abbas, Lamyaa Latif Jul 2026

Preparation Of Nickel Oxide Microparticles By Pulsed Laser Ablation And Application To Gas Sensors, Nedal Hussain, Luma Abbas, Lamyaa Latif

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nickel oxide (NiO) microparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in double deionized water and intensively studied using Nd:YAG laser. The obtained sample was examined by X-ray diffraction, XRD measurement which tests the existence of polycrystalline. The structural parameters introduced and surface morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy devices. The optical properties of microparticles in a liquid were investigated through UV-VIS spectroscopy. The CO/CO2 sensing properties of the NiO microstructure sensors were systematically investigated, and the effects of different laser fluencies on the CO/CO2 sensing characteristics were analyzed. XRD measurements reflected the existence of polycrystalline, the optical …

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Investigating The Effect Of Magnetite (Fe3o4) Nanoparticles On Mechanical Properties Of Epoxy Resin, Ehab Kaadhm, Khansaa Salman, Ahameed Raja Jul 2026

Investigating The Effect Of Magnetite (Fe3o4) Nanoparticles On Mechanical Properties Of Epoxy Resin, Ehab Kaadhm, Khansaa Salman, Ahameed Raja

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, study the effects of magnetite nanomaterial Fe3O4 on the mechanical properties of epoxy. Dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the epoxy resin was performed by ultrasonication. The samples of the nanocomposites were prepared using the casting method. The nanocomposites contain epoxy resins as a matrix material incorporated by different weight percentages of magnetite Fe3O4 that varies from 0wt.% to 15wt.% as a reinforcing material. The epoxy with the additive reinforcement materials Fe3O4 was slowly mixed in a sonication bath for 15 minutes, then the mixture poured into silicon molds. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy FESEM and X-ray diffraction …

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An Experimental Study Of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Bioactivity In Biomedical Applications, Auday Mehatlaf, Alaa Atiyah, Saad Farid Jul 2026

An Experimental Study Of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Bioactivity In Biomedical Applications, Auday Mehatlaf, Alaa Atiyah, Saad Farid

Engineering and Technology Journal

Hydroxyapatite is one of the most bioactive materials used in tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility and chemical composition which is equivalent to the mineral element of bone. In this study, polymer sponge replication method was used to fabricate porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Pure phase of hydroxyapatite scaffolds and the chemical bonding were verified via Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray diffraction. Emission scanning electron microscopy (F E S E M) examination showed that the proposed scaffold has high interconnected pores that were achieved just after sintering at temperatures 1350 ºC for 2 hours. The percentage porosity values were estimated to …

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Outdoor Localization In Mobile Robot With 3d Lidar Based On Principal Component Analysis And K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Hanan Atiyah, Mohammed Y. Jul 2026

Outdoor Localization In Mobile Robot With 3d Lidar Based On Principal Component Analysis And K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Hanan Atiyah, Mohammed Y.

Engineering and Technology Journal

Localization is one of the potential challenges for a mobile robot. Due to the inaccuracy of GPS systems in determining the location of the moving robot alongside weathering effects on sensors such as RGBs (e.g. rain and light-sensitivity(. This paper aims to improve the localization of mobile robots by combining the 3D LiDAR data with RGB-D images using deep learning algorithms. The proposed approach is to design an outdoor localization system. It is divided into three stages. The first stage is the training stage where 3D LiDAR scans the city and then reduces the dimensions of 3D LiDAR data to …

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The Effect Of The Waste Of Materials And Carbon Nanotube On The Concrete Incorporated With Steel Fibers, Mayada Saleem, Farhad. Othman, Alla Abdul-Hameed Jul 2026

The Effect Of The Waste Of Materials And Carbon Nanotube On The Concrete Incorporated With Steel Fibers, Mayada Saleem, Farhad. Othman, Alla Abdul-Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The addition of agricultural and industrial solid wastes and nanomaterials to concrete combined with steel fibers to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of concrete was investigated. This approach could be used in advanced applications in electromagnetic shielding and conductive concrete. Steel fibers were used at 2%wt. of sand and (induction furnace slag (EIF), carbon nanotube (CNT), steel wool fibers, prepared corn husks) at 0.5 and 1 wt.%. of cement. Obtained results of using 1% for both carbon nanotube and steel wool with steel fibers in the mixture 4 and 6, respectively, showed the highest rates of compressive strength. A …

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A Desirability Function For Evaluation Of Corrosion Behavior For Nanocoated- Steel Using Electroless Technique, Muroog Shinyar, Abbas Hussein, Laith Abbas Jul 2026

A Desirability Function For Evaluation Of Corrosion Behavior For Nanocoated- Steel Using Electroless Technique, Muroog Shinyar, Abbas Hussein, Laith Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The current work is conducting an experimental investigation into the effect of those technical parameters, called nanomaterial, bath temperature and plating time on the micro-hardness and corrosion rate of electroless plated low carbon steel undergoing electroless deposition operation. It was used to prepare (Ni-P/ Nano TiO2), (Ni-P/ Nano Al2O3) and (Ni -P/ Nano SiO2) alloys in this research. The Taguchi design is used to describe the variations located within the corrosion and mechanical properties. To achieve a comprehensive study, a Taguchi-based design was used to account for all applicable combinations of factors. Experimental models had been advanced that linking the …

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Study Of Cus Thin Films Deposited By Pld Simulated For Prism Based Spr Sensor, Isaac Najm, Ali Alwahib, Suad Kadhim Jul 2026

Study Of Cus Thin Films Deposited By Pld Simulated For Prism Based Spr Sensor, Isaac Najm, Ali Alwahib, Suad Kadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Copper Sulfide CuS thin film was prepared using pulsed laser deposition PLD technique and characterized by X-ray and SEM. The optical, structural, and morphological properties are examined at different energies 500 mJ, 600 mJ, 700 mJ, and 800 mJ. The best result was 600 mJ which annealed at various annealing temperatures 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C. The effect of thermal annealing on CuS thin film was examined X-ray and SEM. CuS Film was simulated using a prism-based SPR optical sensor. This paper introduces the optical test study of CuS thin film deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique on the quartz …

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