Digital Commons Network^™

Opportunities For Mathematical Thinking (Omt) In Fourth Grade Mathematics Textbooks., Lucas Wayne Elliott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mathematical thinking is essential not only for students’ academic achievement but also for their ability to compete in a global workforce (Schoenfeld, 1992; Mullis & Martin, 2017). However, students in the United States continue to lag behind their international peers on assessments that measure mathematical thinking (Mullis et al., 2020; van Davier et al., 2024). These gaps emerge as early as elementary school, where the foundation for future academic success is established (Aunola et al., 2004; Locuniak & Jordan, 2008). Given the importance of mathematical thinking and the persistent disparities in student performance, this study examined how mathematical thinking is …

A Deep Learning Approach For Semantic Segmentation And Its Application On Ctc., Samir Farag Harb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the modeling and analysis of medical images, focusing on the intricate task of colon segmentation and subsequent 3D reconstruction, which are critical steps in Computed Tomography Colonography (CTC) systems. The primary objective of this research is to develop precise segmentation approaches to enhance the accuracy of colon identification and reconstruction from abdominal CT scans. Three distinct segmentation approaches are proposed and evaluated: a Markov Random Field (MRF)-based approach, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) approach, and a sequential episodic training with dual contrastive learning Approach (G-SET-DCL) that has a flavor of few-shot learning (FSL). To …

Hybrid Geographies And Nature In The City: A Tale Of Two Greenspaces In Louisville, Ky., Rebecca Dixon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many conservation initiatives position nature and the urban as opposing constructions, which means the possibilities where cities can work with nature are often overlooked. This study uses the lens of relational geographies to examine nature in the city by comparing two greenspaces in the Beargrass Creek watershed in Louisville, Kentucky: Waterfront Botanical Gardens and the Louisville Nature Center. The two organizations are compared by using a combination of content analysis, discourse analysis, and GIS flood analysis methods to determine how their geographical location and history affect the ways in which the dynamic between nature and culture is reproduced. Results show …

Optimization And Simulation Models For Integrating Social Determinants In Assessing And Optimizing The Accessibility And Efficiency Of Community Pharmacy Networks., Md Morshedul Alam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Community pharmacies are essential components of the healthcare system, serving not only as points of medication access but also as providers of health consultations and preventive care. However, disparities in pharmacy access persist due to a combination of geographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. This dissertation develops a comprehensive methodological framework to evaluate and improve accessibility to community pharmacies, integrating optimization, choice modeling, and discrete event simulation. First, we develop an Optimal Community-Pharmacy Assignment (OCPA) model to quantify geographic accessibility across a regional population network. The model minimizes risk-adjusted travel distances between population centers and pharmacies, incorporating social determinants of health …

Recent Studies On The Reactions And Synthesis Of Nitrogen And Sulfur - Containing Heterocyclic Pharmacophores., Bernard Louis Adjei

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen and sulfur-containing heterocycles remain significant classes of compounds in the field of medicinal and organic chemistry due to their unique structural features and diverse biological activities which make them of considerable interest for drug discovery and development. Notable examples of the nitrogen containing heterocycles include the phthalimide and glutarimide rings present in thalidomide. Thalidomide, a potent small-molecule therapeutic agent, precipitated a significant global drug crisis due to its teratogenicity, causing congenital malformations in phocomelia infants, which remains unrivaled over half a century ago. Currently, thalidomide derivatives are extensively utilized in the therapeutic management of various hematological malignancies. Recent investigations …

Remotely-Sensed Urbanization And Local Perceptions Of Change From 1985-2024 In Southern Indiana., Marlea Ferber

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study is focused on the land cover change of non-built land cover being transformed into built land cover in two counties in Southern Indiana using mixed methods. Remote sensing was used to identify and quantify land cover change, and interviews were used to understand local perceptions of the physical land cover changes. The study area is situated along the rural-urban continuum with Louisville, Kentucky across the Ohio River. It is important to quantify the amount of land change conversion to built settlement as patterns and rate of urbanization help us to better manage transitions along the rural-urban continuum, but …

"That’S Not A Meal, Bestie”: Humor, Identity, & Feminized Consumption In “Girl Dinner”., Claire Tudor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the viral “Girl Dinner” trend as a case study in how gendered consumption, digital identity, and feminist humor intersect in digital spaces. Using “Girl Dinner” as a rhetorical artifact, this thesis explores how women use gendered trends to navigate visibility, labor, and autonomy in online spaces. Through thematic analysis of TikTok content, media coverage, and branded adaptations, the research traces the evolution of the trend from a lighthearted joke to a site of cultural negotiation. This study reveals that while “Girl Dinner” may appear empowering and relatable on the surface, it often reinforces traditional gender expectations under …

Material Extrusion 3d Printing Of Metal Alloy: Material, Methods And Application., Sihan Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing presents a promising pathway for producing metal components with complex geometries while avoiding the safety hazards associated with loose powder handling in conventional metal additive manufacturing processes. This dissertation investigates the development and optimization of MEX processes for aluminum alloys, addressing critical challenges in feedstock formulation, printing parameter optimization, and post-processing strategies. Three distinct approaches were explored to advance the capabilities of aluminum MEX: filament-based processing of 6061 aluminum, paste-based extrusion of 6061 aluminum, and development of a novel aluminum-magnesium-tin alloy system for space manufacturing applications. The filament-based approach successfully demonstrated the production of 6061 …

Promoting Metacognitive Awareness Through Exploratory Learning., Ryan J. Patrick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Exploratory learning engages learners in novel problem solving before direct instruction. This process is designed to lead learners to experience productive failure. Productive failure, however, has been shown to benefit learners by improving the recognition of knowledge gaps, relevant problem features, and deep structures. This allows learners to better attend to relevant information during the subsequent instruction and improves conceptual understanding. This dissertation investigates the role of metacognitive awareness during exploratory learning, in attempt to identify additional metacognitive mechanisms that support exploratory learning. Two experiments tested the theory that exploratory learning promotes metacognitive awareness in exploratory learning. Groups in both …

Metabolic Regulation Of Cardiac Fibroblast Phenotype And Function., Collin Kleis Wells

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiac fibroblasts are central effectors of cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). In response to signaling cues, they differentiate to a range of phenotypes with robust capacities to synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) and signaling molecules. Although activated fibroblast phenotypes are associated with pronounced changes in metabolism, it remains unclear how the metabolic network upholds the effector functions of fibroblasts in the post-infarcted heart. Here, we identified that critical enzymes in the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle, i.e. pyruvate kinase muscle-2 (PKM2) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-2 (PCK2), are elevated in the heart after MI and examined their role in regulating post-MI remodeling …

A Numerical Investigation Of Erection Bridging In Double-Pitched Open-Web Steel Joists, Logan Joshua Ward

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Open-web steel joists are truss members used to support roofs and floors in steel buildings. They are commonly used because they are lightweight and inexpensive to manufacture on a large scale but have a large load carrying capacity due to their depth. Because of this depth, these joists are very unstable laterally, which is addressed by adding bridging (horizontal or diagonal) members between them to resist rotation of the joists. One of the bridging types is erection bridging, which is used to prevent a joist from buckling laterally while steel erectors are traversing it during construction.

The current erection bridging …

A Computational Study On Impact Performance Of Concrete Barriers For Protecting Transportation Assets, Ashesh Pokhrel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Highway safety is a major concern as roads accommodate increasing numbers of vehicles, including large trucks and tractor-trailers. Concrete barriers are commonly used along highways and bridges to prevent accidents by redirecting vehicles and protecting important structures like bridge piers. However, their effectiveness depends on how well they withstand vehicle impacts, how they perform after being damaged in previous crashes, and how they protect bridge piers when space is limited. This research examines these issues using advanced computer simulations to better understand barrier performance and improve roadway safety.

The first part of this study reviews how researchers and engineers use …

Dp-Brem: Differentially-Private And Byzantine-Robust Federated Learning With Client Momentum, Xiaolan Gu, Ming Li, Li Xiong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple participating clients to train machine learning models collaboratively while keeping their datasets local and only exchanging the gradient or model updates with a coordinating server. Existing FL protocols are vulnerable to attacks that aim to compromise data privacy and/or model robustness. Recently proposed defenses focused on ensuring either privacy or robustness, but not both. In this paper, we focus on simultaneously achieving differential privacy (DP) and Byzantine robustness for cross-silo FL, based on the idea of learning from history. The robustness is achieved via client momentum, which averages the updates of each client over time, …

A Machine Learning Approach To Detect Pores In Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing, Jose Galarza, Jose Barron Jr., Luis Jimenez, Tamer Oraby, Jianzhi Li, Farid Ahmed

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

Real-time detection of pores in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) process is proposed in this study and can be utilized for in-situ process monitoring and quality control. The average light emission data from the process captured by an optical tomography camera can be integrated into a defect detection module to characterize defects after the deposition of a layer. The light emission contains information on the process zone which could be extracted with the appropriate data techniques. In this paper, we proposed a machine-learning approach that utilizes the mean light intensity data from the melt-pool monitoring …

Challenges And Artificial Intelligence Solutions For Clinically Optimal Hepatic Venous Vessel Segmentation, Håvard Bjørke Jenssen, Varatharajan Nainamalai, Egidijus Pelanis, Rahul P. Kumar, Andreas Abildgaard, Finn Kristian Kolrud, Bjørn Edwin, Jingfeng Jiang, Joseph Vettukattil, Ole Jakob Elle, Smund Avdem Fretland

Michigan Tech Publications

Background:: Liver vessel identification is crucial for clinical disease assessment and treatment planning, especially concerning local treatment of liver tumors. As artificial intelligence (AI) develops in radiology, opportunities arise to craft models adept at hepatic venous vessel segmentation, opening possibilities for creating patient-specific models of the liver anatomy quickly, despite the diverse features of CT images encountered in clinical settings. Objective: This research evaluates the performance of AI models combined with various pre-processing filters for liver vessel segmentation, emphasizing clinically relevant results. A novel evaluation method was introduced to offer more anatomically accurate assessments, moving beyond traditional metrics like the …

Is R&D Rivalry Slowing The Growth Of Productive Firms?, Yoshiki Ando, James Bessen, Xiupeng Wang

Faculty Scholarship

The reallocation of jobs to more productive firms is a substantial component of aggregate productivity growth, yet job reallocation rates have declined substantially in the United States. This paper explores the hypothesis that greater technological rivalry has exacerbated adjustment costs, slowing reallocation. Using microdata at the US Census and estimates of technological rivalry in firm growth regressions, we find that technological rivalry slows firm responses to productivity shocks. Firms do not expand as rapidly in the face of higher obsolescence risk. Estimating counterfactual firm growth from 1997-2018, we find that growing technological rivalry accounts for most of the decline in …

An Optimization Study Of Multi-Orifice Synthetic Jets, Rhett T. Parry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

From the mixing of creamer into coffee, to the dynamics of a dust storm, or smoke rising from a chimney—everything is driven by turbulent fluid motion. Experimentalists bring the complex driving mechanism that is turbulence into a laboratory setting to fundamentally understand its behavior in response to certain test parameters. Researchers may choose various drivers, or “actuators”, of fluid motion to start the turbulent regime for their applications. However, in building an entire experimental apparatus, they miss the step of ensuring that an individual driver is performing as best as possible. A common actuator used in experimental studies is a …

Precision Agriculture Applications In Tart Cherries: Yield Mapping Technologies And Remote Sensing For Water Stress Estimation, Anderson Luiz Dos Santos Safre

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Tart cherry is an important specialty crop in the United States, particularly in Utah where the area dedicated to tart cherry cultivation is larger than any other fruit grown in the state. However, growers face increasing challenges due to rising land prices, limited water availability, and extreme weather events. These factors make it essential to adopt new technologies that improve efficiency and sustainability. Precision agriculture, which uses data-driven tools to manage crops more effectively, can help address these challenges. However, most tart cherry orchards still rely on traditional practices due to a lack of specialized technologies for this crop. This …

The Effects Of Effective Stress And Overconsolidation Ratio On The Undrained Shear Strength Of Soil, Gunniga Suwannawong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

This study investigates the effect of effective stress and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) on normalized undrained shear strength, which represents the soil deformation and soil strength from applied load. Theoretical frameworks indicate that undrained shear strength (S_u) is affected by soil parameters such as void ratio and is linked to the soil consolidation condition, stress path, and stress history. Furthermore, S_u is functionally related to the OCR. The purpose of these test are to test two hypotheses: 1) that the undrained shear strength conforms with normalized soil engineering properties, this is true if the following equation describes the …

Metaheuristic Planning For Vehicle Fleets With Kinematic, Uncertain, And Battery Constraints, James Swedeen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

The planning of vehicle actions and movements is becoming increasingly important in daily life. With the growing list of potential and current applications of autonomous planning, the field is faced with an ever-growing list of complications. These complications make the task of producing efficient plans increasingly difficult. This research studies and develops solutions for a few of the most important vehicle planning applications in recent years.

First, there is the planning of vehicle motion while considering the physical limitations of the vehicle. For many vehicles, for example, cars, airplanes, and boats, the biggest limitation is the inability to pan directly …

The Scintillator Surface Detector Of The Pierre Auger Observatory, A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, B. Fick, K. Nguyen, D. Nitz, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications

Data collected so far by the Pierre Auger Observatory have enabled major advances in ultrahigh energy cosmic ray physics and demonstrated that improved determination of masses of primary cosmic-ray particles, preferably on an event-by-event basis, is necessary for understanding their origin and nature. Improvement in primary mass measurements was the main motivation for the upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory, called AugerPrime. As part of this upgrade, scintillator detectors are added to the existing water-Cherenkov surface detector stations. By making use of the differences in detector response to the electromagnetic particles and muons between scintillator and water-Cherenkov detectors, the electromagnetic …

Development Of A Machine Learning Framework For An Irrigation Decision Support System, Eric Wilkening, Derek M. Heeren, Yeyin Shi, Laila A. Puntel, Guillermo R. Balboa, Abia Katimbo, Kuan Zhang, Precious Nneka Amori, Bruno Lena

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Currently used irrigation scheduling techniques often require significant human intervention and are time consuming, particularly for variable rate irrigation. This research aimed to develop a conceptual framework that incorporates disparate data sources leveraging both mechanistic and machine learning (ML) approaches. The overarching objective is to utilize the growing availability of data and technology to manage irrigation more precisely, which will minimize negative impacts of irrigation on our water resources. An initial irrigation machine learning model was proposed and tested in this study as a key component of an edge-cloud computing and federated learning decision-making framework. The specific objectives were (1) …

Data-Driven Approach To Dynamic Resting State Functional Connectivity In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Enigma-Pgc Ptsd Study, Carissa W Tomas, Jacklynn M Fitzgerald, C Lexi Baird, Courtney C Haswell, Chadi G Abdallah, Michael Angstadt, Justin T Baker, Hannah Berg, Jennifer U Blackford, Josh Cisler, Andrew S Cotton, Judith K Daniels, Nicholas D Davenport, Richard J Davidson, Terri A Deroon-Cassini, Seth G Disner, Wissam El Hage, Negar Fani, Jessie L Frijling, Evan M Gordon, Daniel W Grupe, Xiaofu He, Ryan Herringa, David Hofmann, Ashley A Huggins, Ahmed Hussain, Jonathan Ipser, Neda Jahanshad, Tanja Jovanovic, Milissa L Kaufman, Yoojean Kim, Anthony King, Saskia B J Koch, Sheri Koopowitz, Amit Lazarov, Lauren A M Lebois, Isreal Liberzon, Shmuel Lissek, Antje Manthey, Geoffrey May, Katie A Mclaughlin, Laura Nawijn, Steven M Nelson, Yuval Neria, Jack B Nitschke, Bunmi O Olatunji, Miranda Olff, Matthew Peverill, Yann Quidé, Orren Ravid, Kerry Ressler, Marisa Ross, Lauren E Salminen, Kelly Sambrook, Chiahao Shih, Anika Sierk, Scott R Sponheim, Dan J Stein, Jennifer Stevens, Thomas Straube, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Paul M Thompson, Nic J A Van Der Wee, Steven J A Van Der Werff, Sanne J H Van Rooij, Mirjam Van Zuiden, Dick J Veltman, Robert R J M Vermeiren, Henrik Walter, Xin Wang, Hong Xie, Xi Zhu, Sigal Zilcha-Mano, Christine L Larson, Rajendra Morey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with aberrations in brain networks in the absence of a given cognitive demand or task, called resting-state networks. Prior work has focused on disruption in the static functional connectivity (FC) among specific regions constrained by a priori hypotheses. However, dynamic FC, an approach that examines brain network characteristics over time, may provide a more sensitive measure to understand the network properties underlying dysfunction in PTSD. Further, using a data-driven analytic approach may reveal the contribution of other larger network disturbances beyond those revealed by hypothesis-driven …

Crispr-Cas9 Engineering Of Human T Regulatory Cells – Design And Optimization Of A Manufacturing Process, Ortal Shimon, Adam M Dean, Shoshana Cohen, Aiden L Moser, Clifford C Dacso, Yosi Gilad, David M Lonard, Bert W O'Malley

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4 + T cells that comprise 5-10 % of the total CD4 + T cell population. Tregs, which are critically important for the maintenance of immune tolerance and immune homeostasis, are distinguished from other subtypes of CD4 + T cells by the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3. Because of the centrality to immunoregulation, Tregs have gained increasing attention as promising targets for clinical applications in autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, the essential role of Tregs in the complex network of the immune system implies their targeting as …

Privacy In Perspective: Research Participants’ Priorities And Concerns Related To Sharing Data Generated In Human Neuroscience Studies, Christi J Guerrini, Jill O Robinson, Norah L Crossnohere, Mary A Majumder, Kathryn Maxson Jones, Whitney Bash Brooks, Sameer A Sheth, Amy L Mcguire

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The societal benefits from sharing and reusing data collected in human neuroscience studies are widely appreciated. However, there are persistent barriers to data sharing as well as privacy concerns related to unauthorized access, misuse, and reidentification of deidentified data. Thus far, few studies have been conducted with neuroscience research participants to understand their data sharing priorities and concerns. We conducted a survey utilizing an experimental design with N=52 participants in neuroscience studies funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health representing diverse neurotechnologies and health conditions. Respondents prioritized sharing practices that maximize reuse of data to benefit patients and reduce …

Congestion And Sinonasal Illness In Outer Space: A Study On The International Space Station, Faizaan Khan, Koyal Ansingkar, Roshan Dongre, Zain Mehdi, Aatin K Dhanda, Kayla Powell, Tariq Syed, Samuel E Razmi, Isuru Somawardana, Jeffrey T Vrabec, David Hilmers, Omar G Ahmed, Masayoshi Takashima

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: This study aims to characterize quantitative data pertaining to sinonasal symptoms and their related medication use aboard the International Space Station (ISS). A secondary focus involves correlating these findings with mission parameters such as extravehicular activity (EVA) participation and mission duration.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing data requested from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) program.

Results: Of 71 de-identified ISS astronauts beginning with Expedition 1 in the year 2000 through 62 in 2019, there were 754 logged medical events; 60 astronauts reported any type of sinonasal medical event …

Characterization Of Visual Field Loss Over 4 Years In The Rate Of Progression In Ush2a-Related Retinal Degeneration (Rush2a) Study, Jacque L Duncan, Maureen G Maguire, Lee S Mcdaniel, Nicole R Doucet, Isabelle Audo, Allison R Ayala, Janet K Cheetham, Peiyao Cheng, Todd A Durham, Rachel M Huckfeldt, Robert B Hufnagel, K Thiran Jayasundera, Naheed Khan, Brett Malbin, Ramiro S Maldonado, Michel Michaelides, Mark E Pennesi, Christina Y Weng, Alex Zmejkoski, Shobana Aravind, Hiroshi Ishikawa, David G Birch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: To report visual field loss using static perimetry (SP) and kinetic perimetry (KP) over 4 years in the Rate of Progression of USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) study.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.

Subjects, participants, and/or controls: Participants had USH2A-related rod-cone degeneration, visual acuity ≥20/80, and KP III4e ≥10° at baseline in the study eye. Preserved cohorts with baseline visual fields sufficient to detect progression were identified.

Methods: Participants were examined annually through 4 years. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the annual, standardized rate, and percentage rates of change.

Main outcome measures: SP measures included hill of vision (total: …

First Assembly Of A Draft Genome Of The Critically Endangered Northern Muriqui ( Brachyteles Hypoxanthus , Primates, Atelidae) Including Non‐Invasive Genotyping Strategies For The Species, Amanda Alves De Melo-Ximenes, Romina Batista, Leonardo Carlos Jeronimo Corvalán, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Lukas Kuderna, Kyle Farh, Jeffrey Rogers, Mariane Da Cruz Kaizer, Jean Philippe Boubli, Fabiano Rodrigues De Melo, Rhewter Nunes, Mariana Pires De Campos Telles

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Genomic resources, such as draft genomes, are vital for biodiversity monitoring and conservation. For endangered species, they enable the development of tools like organellar genomes and molecular markers, which are crucial for population genetics. Advances in sequencing technologies now allow high‐throughput genotyping with detailed amplicon sequences, enhancing genetic variation studies. The northern muriqui ( Brachyteles hypoxanthus ), a critically endangered primate endemic to Brazil's Atlantic Forest, currently lacks both nuclear and mitochondrial genome data and species‐specific microsatellite markers for population genetic studies. We assembled a 2.52 Gb draft genome for B. hypoxanthus with 202,243 contigs (N50 = 29,134 bp), and …

Low-Dose Metformin Requires Brain Rap1 For Its Antidiabetic Action, Hsiao-Yun Lin, Weisheng Lu, Yanlin He, Yukiko Fu, Kentaro Kaneko, Peimeng Huang, Ana B De La Puente-Gomez, Chunmei Wang, Yongjie Yang, Feng Li, Yong Xu, Makoto Fukuda

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed antidiabetes drug, yet its precise mechanism of action remains controversial. Previous studies have suggested that metformin acts peripherally by reducing hepatic glucose output and altering gut functions. Here, we report a neural mechanism via the small guanosine triphosphatase Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1). Mice with forebrain-specific Rap1 knockout exhibited resistance to the antidiabetic effects of low-dose metformin while remaining sensitive to other antidiabetic agents. Centrally administered metformin inhibited brain Rap1 and reduced hyperglycemia. Conversely, forced activation of brain Rap1 increased glycemia and abolished the glycemic effect of metformin. Metformin activated a specific subset of neurons …

Sugar Functionalized Collagen Material For Local Modulation Of Innate Immunity, Francesca Taraballi, Claudia Corbo, Julia Enterria-Rosales, John Otto Martinez, Silvia Minardi, Laura Pandolfi, Xing Wang, Ennio Tasciotti, Kavindra V Singh, Cesar A Arias, Bruna Corradetti

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Small alterations during the early stages of the innate immune response to an implant can drive large changes in adaptive immunity. Biomaterials for regenerative purposes can be engineered to modulate this immune response in beneficial ways. This study presents an innovative patch designed and functionalized to target the innate immunity at the implant site. Mannose moieties are incorporated into collagen patches, resulting in a technology called Local Immunotuning Patch (LIP), designed to directly interact with antigen presenting cells through their mannose receptor. In vitro, LIP shows anti-inflammatory effects on bone marrow-derived macrophages and inhibitory properties even on methicillin-resistant bacterial strains. …