Digital Commons Network^™

Real-Time Read And Analysis Of Air Pollution Produced From Private Electrical Generators In Mosul City Using Lorawan, Mahmood Alfathe, Awfa Aladwani, Ali Abduljabbar

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

This study presents a novel, site-specific deployment of a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)-driven air pollution monitoring network specifically for the Iraqi city of Mosul, which is beset by widespread power outages and extensive utilization of decentralized diesel generators. While these generators mitigate electricity shortages, they are enormous contributors to urban air pollution, emitting high levels of CO2 and particulates. As opposed to previous studies, which concentrate on affluent urban areas, this research addresses a very deprived locale using an extensible low-power, low-cost LoRaWAN network and high-precision CO2 sensors (Sensirion SCD30 and MH-Z19) and The Things Network (TTN) for …

A Scoping Review Of Artificial Intelligence Research Trends In Mobile Applications, Asmau Usman, Ibrahim Anka Salihu, Abdulrahman Aminu Ghali, Bilkisu Larai Muhammad Bello, Aminu Aminu Mu'azu, Amina Sambo Magaji

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Over the past decade, mobile devices have become an integral part of our daily routines, offering a broad spectrum of applications that enhance everyday tasks. As more people adopt smartphones, developers are increasingly focusing on improving app quality, particularly by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) features. This growing trend has led to a surge of interest from both researchers and industry experts, who are aiming to explore AI integration in sectors such as healthcare, education, agriculture, and e-commerce. This study conducts a thorough review of AI applications on mobile platforms by analysing 98 scholarly articles published between 2014 and 2024 from …

Impact Of Data Quality Types On Computational Time In Data Source Selection Using Ant Colony Optimization, Nor Amalina Mohd Sabri, Abd Samad Hasan Basari, Nurul Akmar Emran

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Data quality varies dramatically from source to source, even within the same domain. Given these challenges, data source selection has emerged as a crucial step in information integration. It demands efficient and scalable approaches that can handle massive data volumes while ensuring the quality of results. Adapting the ACO algorithm to solve the data sources selection problems may lead to inconsistent computational time if the data sources provided are vary in quality. These challenges bring the issues of time consuming in selecting the required data sources. However, how much the computational time needed in solving the data sources selection is …

Lightweight String Similarity Approaches For Duplicate Detection In Academic Titles, Fahrudin Mukti Wibowo, Muhammad Zidny Nafan, Muhamad Azrino Gustalika, Harinda Fernando, Muhammad Hussain, Nur Afiqah Sahadun

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

This study addresses the critical challenge of detecting duplicate final year project (FYP) titles in academic institutions, where minor variations like reordering, synonyms, and paraphrasing often obscure plagiarism. We systematically evaluate four string similarity algorithms - Jaro-Winkler, Levenshtein Edit Distance, TF-IDF with Cosine Similarity, and Jaccard Similarity - using a synthetic dataset of 250 title pairs representing common duplication patterns. Our experiments reveal that character-based methods (Jaro-Winkler and Edit Distance) achieve perfect detection (F1-score=1.0) for literal matches, including typographical variations and phrase reordering. At the same time, TF-IDF demonstrates strong semantic capability (F1-score=0.95), albeit with some false positives. Jaccard Similarity …

Improving Code Effectiveness Through Refactoring: A Case Study, Abdullah Almogahed, Manal Othman, Mazni Omar, Samera Obaid Barraood, Abdul Rehman Gilal

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Software refactoring is a crucial practice in modern software development methodologies, such as Agile and DevOps, as it enables teams to iteratively improve and evolve their codebases while minimizing the risk of introducing bugs or regressions. It fosters a culture of continuous improvement and code hygiene, ultimately leading to more robust, maintainable, and scalable software systems. However, research examining the impact of refactoring on code effectiveness is scarce. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the impact of refactoring methods on the code’s effectiveness. The study was carried out in four distinct phases: refactoring methods selection, case study selection, software metric …

Societies’ Funds Management System Using Blockchain, Jun Xiang Lau, Nur Ziadah Harun, Suziyanti Marjudi, Abd Samad Hasan Basari, Nur Amlya Abd Majid, Roziyani Setik

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Lack of transparency of the funds and lack of immutability of the funds’ records are large problems today, especially in the societies’ funds. Leveraging the Ethereum Blockchain, the system ensures complete transparency and security in recording and accessing financial transactions for any society. Advanced encryption and blockchain consensus protocols guarantee data privacy and resilience against fraud or tampering. The information entered in the system helps the treasurer to effectively manage funds and accurately and transparently pass appropriate financial transactions. This project meets the challenges of transparency and immutability in society’s fund records, providing an assurance system and promoting growth for …

Implementation Of Conjugate Gradient Method For Estimating Inflation Rate In Malaysia, Shin Yi Wong, Nur Syarafina Mohamed, Norhaslinda Zullpakkal

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Optimization methods are valuable for making decisions and identifying the most suitable alternative based on a given objective function. One of the mathematical optimization methods is Conjugate Gradient (CG) method which is commonly used to solve large-scale unconstrained optimization systems with less storage space. Recently, various optimization methods have been studied and used in economics estimating. However, just a few studies have predicted inflation rate using modified CG method. Random initial points are tested on New Three-Terms (NTT) which are modified Rivaie-Mustafa-Ismail-Leong (RMIL+) and Umar Mustapha Waziri (UMW) CG method with ten optimization test functions suggested by Andrei using MATLAB. …

Conjugate Gradient Methods In Fitting Precipitation Of Rainfall Data In Malaysia, Hua Ru Tang, Nur Syarafina Mohamed, Nurul Hajar Mohd Yusoff, Norhaslinda Zullpakkal

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Conjugate gradient method (CGM) is one of the most efficient numerical methods for solving unconstrained optimization problems. It is also known as an iterative method with simple formulation. The classical CGM has always been an interest to the current researchers in improving the formulation which are categorized into three-term (TTCGM), spectral (SCGM), hybrid and scaled CGM. Although there are many variations of the CGM available, choosing the most efficient and effective one for a particular problem can be a time-consuming process. In this study, spectral Hestenes-Stiefel (sHS) CGM with the greatest NOI and central processing time per unit (CPU time) …

Enhancing Imbalanced Data Augmentation: A Comparative Study Of Ganified-Smote And Latent Factor Integration, Rusma Anieza Ruslan, Nureize Arbaiy, Pei-Chun Lin

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

One such serious problem in machine learning (ML) is imbalanced datasets. Minority class samples are usually sparse but hold significant meaning. The model can become biased toward the majority class due to unbalanced class distribution. This results in fraudulently high accuracy without being able to detect minority cases. This bias is also most perilous in critical applications, where ignoring minority cases can be highly destructive. To overcome this problem, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is one of the most widely used. SMOTE creates balanced class distribution by interpolating between existing minority samples. It creates samples that are too close …

Corrected Amicus Brief Filed By Amici Curiae Law Professors In 25-11612 & 25-11821, William Snape, Delicianna Winders, Patrick Parenteau, Christopher Courchesne, Hope Babcock, Holly Doremus, Paul Boudreaux, Oliver A. Houck, Zygmunt J.B. Plater, Michelle Benedict Nowlin, Daniel Rohlf

Amicus Briefs & Court Filings

STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES: Whether the district court's injunction requiring FDEP to cease Endangered Species Act-violating conduct, obtain an incidental take permit before it continues with the conduct, and implement reasonable protective measures violates principles of cooperative federalism, the Tenth Amendment, or the anti-commandeering doctrine.

Generative Modeling For Interpretable Anomaly Detection In Medical Imaging: Applications In Failure Detection And Data Curation, Mckell E Woodland, Mais Altaie, Caleb S O'Connor, Austin H Castelo, Olubunmi C Lebimoyo, Aashish C Gupta, Joshua P Yung, Paul E Kinahan, Clifton D Fuller, Eugene J Koay, Bruno C Odisio, Ankit B Patel, Kristy K Brock

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This work aims to leverage generative modeling-based anomaly detection to enhance interpretability in AI failure detection systems and to aid data curation for large repositories. For failure detection interpretability, this retrospective study utilized 3339 CT scans (525 patients), divided patient-wise into training, baseline test, and anomaly (having failure-causing attributes—e.g., needles, ascites) test datasets. For data curation, 112,120 ChestX-ray14 radiographs were used for training and 2036 radiographs from the Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center for testing, categorized as baseline or anomalous based on attribute alignment with ChestX-ray14. StyleGAN2 networks modeled the training distributions. Test images were reconstructed with backpropagation and …

Gardens And Galaxies: Through Child-Like Eyes, Jason N.E. Ho

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"... just like food tells a deeper story about who we are as human beings, the universe tells a deeper story about a God that created it."

Posting about ­­­­­­­­looking at the world with wonder from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Gardens and Galaxies

Needs Analysis Of Interactive Learning Media For Teachingheat Transfer In Physics: Students’ And Teachers’Perspectives, Rizki Eka Shintya, Ika Mustika Sari, Ida Kaniawati

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Heat transfer material in physics is known to be abstract. This study specifically analyzes the conceptual difficulties, and visualization needs specific to this material, which is different from the analysis of physics needs in general. This analysis does not only look for the need for traditional media but explicitly looks for the need for interactive media (simulation, animation, virtual laboratory). Therefore, this study aims to identify the need for interactive learning media in physics education, specifically in the teaching of heat transfer, from the perspective of students and teachers in West Java, Indonesia. Using a quantitative descriptive survey, data were …

Durability Assessment Of Low-Carbon Concretes Using Electrical Resistivity, Chloride Migration And Diffusion Modelling, Salim Malami, Dimitry Val, Benny Suryanto

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Durability design for reinforced concrete increasingly relies on performance-based indicators of transport processes that govern corrosion initiation. This study evaluates concretes with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) (fly ash (FA), ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), limestone powder (LP), and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3)) using electrical resistivity and rapid chloride migration (RCM, NT Build 492) testing. Twelve mixes (w/b = 0.40 and 0.55), including binary and ternary binders benchmarked against Portland cement (PC), were tested. Resistivity was measured on cubes with embedded stainless-steel electrodes, whereas chloride diffusion coefficients were measured directly using the RCM method and compared with the values calculated from …

Durability Assessment Of Low-Carbon Concrete Using Electrical Resistivity And Derived Transport Parameters, Elo Merit Imitini, Benny Suryanto, Bhaskar Sen Gupta

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Effective assessment of reinforced concrete durability necessitates monitoring of concrete performance using straightforward yet robust technique over an extended period of time. This study investigates six low-carbon concrete mixes incorporating up to 70% Portland cement replacement using binary and ternary combinations of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), and limestone powder (LP). Electrical resistivity measurements were undertaken over a 360-day period and used to derive formation factors and instantaneous diffusion coefficients, offering insight into the evolving pore structure and ionic transport. The results showed that all mixes exhibited a progressive increase in resistivity, indicative of continued hydration …

Aci Standards For Concrete Proportions, Qualification Testing And In-Process Testing During Construction, Nausherwan Hasan

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This paper provides a summary of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) design standards concrete mixture proportions for various exposure conditions in USA. As defined by ACI 318, for each class of concrete and exposure condition, minimum water to cementitious ratio and compressive strength, are prescribed. The responsibility of selecting the concrete mixture proportions design rest with a Professional Engineer, licensed in the State where the construction is carried out. Trial batches of concrete are performed in accredited laboratory, in accordance with ACI 211.1, with adequate lead time to ensure that the test results are available, prior to construction. Attention is …

Corrosion Risk Of Rc Structures Against Combined Chloride Ingress And Carbonation Under Future Climate Projections, C.S. Das, M.R. Ahmad, P. Zhang, J-.G. Dai

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is primarily caused by the corrosion of reinforcement due to chloride ingress or carbonation, with temperature playing a significant role in this process. This study presents a multi-physics modeling framework that integrates mass transport, electrochemical reactions, and material damage to simulate corrosion in RC structures. The model utilises experimentally validated parameters, including temperature-dependent chloride transport rates and binding capacities, to achieve enhanced accuracy. It was applied to assess the corrosion risk of RC structures in Hong Kong under various climate scenarios. Results showed that while higher temperatures accelerate chloride transport, they also increase …

Drying Shrinkage Properties Of Fly Ash Concrete, Moorvi, Supratic Gupta, Meera

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Shrinkage of concrete is a prime aspect affecting the durability and long-term performance of structures. IS 456 specifies the minimum cement content required to control shrinkage, which is of utmost importance in high-strength concrete (M75, M60) and lower strength concrete (M30), to be 450 kg/m³. IS456 mentions that shrinkage testing should be conducted to assess the possible decrease in volume due to moisture loss since excessive shrinkage can lead to cracking and the loss of structural integrity. However, codal provision or requirement is mentioned in the code. The literature available about shrinkage with change with fly ash is extremely limited. …

Investigation Of Capillary Pressure Evolution And Early-Age Shrinkage In Concrete Using A High-Capacity Tensiometer, Armin Jamali, Joao Mendes, Brabha Nagaratnam, Michael Lim

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Shrinkage-induced cracking is a critical durability concern in concrete structures, particularly those with low volume-to-surface ratios, leading to increased maintenance costs and reduced service life. Early-age concrete is especially vulnerable to shrinkage cracking due to its limited strength development. Capillary pressure is a primary driver of early-age shrinkage; however, conventional measurement techniques are limited to pressures below 100 kPa and durations of approximately seven hours post-casting, restricting a comprehensive understanding of capillary pressure evolution and its correlation with shrinkage and cracking potential. This study utilises a novel high-capacity tensiometer (HCT) capable of measuring capillary pressures up to 2000 kPa, significantly …

Assessment Of Ggbs-Blended-Concrete Durability With Modified Water Permeability Method, Soumyaranjan Panda, Supratic Gupta, Saubhagya Kumar Panigrahi

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The construction industry is increasingly embracing sustainable materials to mitigate environmental concerns and reduce the carbon footprint of conventional practices. Concrete, a vital material in modern infrastructure, is valued for its versatility and durability. However, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the primary binder in conventional concrete, presents significant environmental challenges, including high carbon dioxide emissions and substantial energy consumption. With an annual growth rate of 2.5%, cement production exacerbates these issues, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), a byproduct of the iron industry, is a promising supplementary material. Its use reduces cement consumption, enhances sustainability, and promotes eco-friendly construction …

Relationship Between Water Contents And Electrical Conductivity In Concrete, Ki-Tae Park, Jaehwan Kim, Dong-Woo Seo, Sangki Park

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study investigates the relationship between moisture absorption and electrical conductivity in concrete, aiming to evaluate the feasibility of using electrical impedance as a non-destructive indicator of moisture transport behaviour. Concrete specimens with varying water-to-cement (w/c) ratios were prepared and conditioned for 150 days under controlled air-drying conditions. Moisture absorption tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM C1585-20, and both weight change and impedance were measured over time. Impedance data were collected across a wide frequency range (10 Hz to 1 MHz) using a two-point measurement configuration, and direct current (DC) electrical conductivity was derived through nonlinear regression analysis based …

Simple Probabilistic Method For Chloride Transport In Concrete, Jaehwan Kim, Sangki Park, Dong-Woo Seo, Ki-Tae Park, Joohyung Kim

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

It is a well-known fact that reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments suffer from reinforcement corrosion due to chloride ingress, which degrades the performance of the structure. To address this issue, reinforced concrete structures are designed and constructed to have a service life of more than 100 years, but to ensure safety or durability, it is necessary to accurately predict the onset of reinforcement corrosion. Various prediction models have been developed for chloride transport in concrete, including physically based models, with Fick's 2nd law being the most commonly used empirically based model for chloride penetration in concrete. However, the …

Advancing Monitoring And Self-Sensing Capabilities Of Smart Asphalt Concrete Containing Conductive Carbon Nanofillers, Mingjun Xie, Leqing Lin, Yilin Yin, Linglin Xu, Kai Wu, Zhengwu Jiang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Conventional asphalt pavements can withstand the traffic loading and provide safe, comfortable driving conditions, however, the intelligent functionality on self-monitoring and damage detection is also required for the construction of intelligent transport systems. This study develops a self-sensing conductive asphalt concrete inspired by smart cement-based materials, which is capable of continuous, real-time monitoring of stress, strain, and damage, enabling structural health monitoring (SHM) of asphalt pavements. The self-sensing characteristics relies on the piezoresistive effects that the internal conductive network deforms and causes measurable changes in electrical resistance under mechanical loading. To achieve this, carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and multi-walled …

Internal Tendon Damage Monitoring Technology Of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Using Acoustic Emission Method, Dong-Woo Seo, Sangki Park, Jaehwan Kim, Ki-Tae Park

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Various non-destructive testing techniques are being applied for tendon maintenance and safety management of prestressed concrete (PSC) bridges, which became a social issue after the rupture of the external tension member of the Jeongneungcheon Viaduct in Seoul in 2016. Acoustic emission (AE) is one of the most effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) of large-scale infrastructure. It enables real-time monitoring of concrete cracks and damage to embedded rebar without causing structural failure. It is particularly suitable for detecting cracks in the tendons of PSC bridges. PSC bridges are structurally categorised into internal and external tendon systems …

Machine Learning Based Analysis Of Industrially Produced Concrete, Bassey Etim, Mzakwan Arab, Nabil El Mocayd, Mohammed Seaid, M Shadi Mohamed

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Machine learning (ML) has proven effective for predicting the compressive strength of laboratory-produced concrete, but industrially produced concrete exhibits greater variability and uncertainty, and remains less studied. This work analyses a dataset of 2,617 industrial concrete samples from a UK ready-mix supplier, spanning a full year of supply and demand. The study evaluates the impact of both mix proportions and categorical features—including cement type, admixture type, and mix specification—on model accuracy. A holistic model incorporating all curing ages outperforms single-age models, and the inclusion of categorical features, particularly mix specification, significantly enhances predictive performance. Five ML models were considered: CatBoost, …

An Architecture Ph-Unet-Mask Based On Multi-Task Joint Learning: Exploration In Real-Time Segmentation Of Concrete Corrosion, Xu Miao, Yuxi Zhao

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Pixel-level segmentation of corrosion-induced damage in underground reinforced concrete (RC) structures is crucial for structural health monitoring but remains challenging due to complex backgrounds and the need for real-time models suitable for on-site inspections. To address these limitations, this paper introduces PH-UNet-Mask, a lightweight multi-task deep learning architecture designed for robust damage segmentation in challenging underground environments. The proposed model integrates Haar wavelet downsampling (HWD) within its encoder to preserve crucial edge details and employs a Parallel Channel-Spatial Attention (PCSA) module to adaptively refine feature representation by explicitly modelling spatial-channel dependencies. A key innovation is a multi-task joint learning framework …

Machine-Learning Pci Forecasts For Concrete Pavements: Evidence From A Nigerian Airfield, Abubakar Ahmad Shehu, Mohamed Shadi Mohamed, Arab M. Zakwan, Jinhui Jiang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study develops data-driven Pavement Condition Index (PCI) forecasting for rigid (jointed concrete) airfields to support maintenance planning, risk mitigation, and lifecycle analysis. Traditional PCI surveys per ASTM D5340 are manual, time-consuming, and subjective, motivating machine-learning alternatives. Using panel-level observations, five models predict next-year PCI from readily available variables: prior-year PCI, annual aircraft traffic, temperature, and rainfall. The models include ordinary least squares (linear), ridge, lasso, random forest (RF), and a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN). All models performed well on held-out validation data; the ANN was best, achieving ��2 = 0.985, MSE = 0.286, MAE = 0.397, and RMSE …

Effect Of Using Recycled Returned Concrete Aggregate On The Strength And Durability Aspects Of Concrete, Saugat Humagain, Ashish Bista, Prabir Kumar Sarker

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

A considerable amount of concrete is returned from construction sites due to various reasons such as excess quantity remaining after casting, not meeting the site specifications and cancellation of orders. In this study, the hardened returned concrete was crushed and used as recycled aggregate to produce new concrete. However, due to young age and inadequate compaction, the properties crushed returned concrete aggregate (CRCA) are different from those of commonly used recycled aggregates obtained from construction and demolition wastes. CRCA was used as 50% and 100% replacements of natural coarse aggregate (NCA). The effect of CRCA was evaluated by workability, strengths, …

Towards The Use Of Quarry Wastes In Cementitious Composites For Sustainable Construction, Adrian Chajec

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study explores the use of quarry waste powders as partial replacements for cement in concrete, aiming to improve the sustainability of construction materials. Three types of powders—granite (GP), limestone (LP), and quartz (QP)—were used to replace 20% of cement by mass in concrete mixes. The research evaluates the impact of these substitutions on fresh properties, mechanical performance, durability under sulphate attack, and overall environmental and economic efficiency. Experimental tests included slump flow, setting time, compressive strength at 28 and 90 days, and resistance to sulphate-induced mass and strength loss. Additionally, carbon dioxide emissions and material costs were calculated based …

Characterization Of Incinerator Bottom Ash Aggregate (Ibaa) From Four Scottish Incinerators, Mohammad Naser Norouzifar, Tom Dyer, Moray Newlands

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Incinerator Bottom Ash Aggregate (IBAA), produced as a by-product from Energy-from-Waste (EfW) facilities in Scotland, is gaining acceptance as a sustainable alternative for concrete applications. This shift is driven by Scotland’s forthcoming landfill ban, which encourages increased recycling and diversion of waste from landfill. This study presents a detailed characterization of IBAA, sourced from four Scottish incinerators across various particle size fractions. Physical testing showed that the coarse IBAA fractions (12–22 mm) meet BS EN 8500-2 for use in ready-mixed and precast non-structural concrete. Furthermore, Los Angeles abrasion values (36–42%) and flakiness indices (13–18%) lend themselves well to this type …