Digital Commons Network^™

Empirical Research Of A Greenhouse Monitoring And Controlling System Using Zigbee Protocol, Mohammed Hijazeh, Salah Hagahmoodi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Greenhouses are of great importance in the agricultural field as they provide the appropriate and important environment for the growth and production of various plants regardless of the surrounding environmental conditions. Monitoring and controlling these houses are considered necessary and important in order to provide the required environment and obtain the best production. Therefore, the aim of this project is to study the monitoring and control of these houses using wireless sensor networks, which are considered modern and simple methods due to the accuracy of work and little effort they provide, and thus better production. The study will be for …

Designing An Efficient Deduplication Algorithm For Audio Files In Cloud Storage, Ammar Zakzouk, Alaa Al Sebae, Hasan Hasan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Data duplication is a significant challenge in large-scale data storage systems, as it consumes storage space and impacts data organization, management, and processing. An optimal storage system effectively utilizes available storage space. To solve this problem, hash algorithms are employed to generate hash keys for files. Matching files have the same hash key. However, the hash key for two different files in the data may match, and this is what we refer to as a collision. The collision issue is related to the length of the hash key. As the length of the hash key increases, the probability of a …

The Future Of Al-Driven Cybersecurity For Advanced Iot, Estqlal Hammad Dhahi, Sanaa Hammad Dhahi, Ohood Fadil Alwan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Internet of Things technologies experience rapid advancement because of 5G networks and upcoming 6G technologies, which resulted in transformational changes to security dynamics. This study examines the functionality of artificial intelligence through platforms developed to secure Internet of Things systems. The demand for improved security capabilities has become essential because IoT devices generate new assault channels, and their market penetration speed is escalating. Machine learning algorithms, together with deep learning and natural language processing methods, are investigated in this paper for enhancing the security protocols of IoT systems through studies found in academic literature. The paper explores upcoming developments and …

Foundations Of Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare Diagnostics: A Systematic Survey, Raghad Tariq Al-Hassani

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming the cornerstone of the future of healthcare diagnostics, that has to ability to change the healthcare diagnostic landscape in terms of diagnostic accuracy, speed, and availability. This systematic review investigates the basic methods, tools, applications, and challenges involved in the integration of AI in diagnostic medicine. It emphasizes the using of machine learning models, deep learning networks (e.g., CNNs), NLP for clinical documentation, and smart computing infrastructures, such as edge device and IoMT. They are making possible real-time, data-driven decision making that is already at human-expert-level performance or, in some cases, even better (in the …

Secure Gif Files Based On Zuc Stream Cipher And Present Algorithm, Suhad Fakhri Hussein

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Some important security needs include authentication, confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, and user privacy. Many security systems include these required protections for information transmission. The encryption process is one of the most important security measures. Many secure encryption algorithms are based on different keys and key lengths to ensure a high degree of security. GIF file format is common file format that is used in several application, securing these files through transmission is imperative. In this paper, an efficient method for encryption GIF file is proposed based on using modified present algorithm, modified ZUC stream cipher, and an efficient method for key …

Advanced Strategies And Solutions Towards More Secure And Effective Two-Factor Authentication In Networking, Zahraa Sameer Jawad

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

With the rapid increase in cybersecurity threats targeting network systems, traditional two-factor authentication (2FA) methods are insufficient to address advanced attacks. Vulnerabilities such as phishing, SIM-swapping, and social engineering exploit the limitations of SMS-based and email-based 2FA. This paper examines advanced strategies and solutions for securing networked environments through robust 2FA mechanisms, focusing on approaches like elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), digital certificates, and biometric verification. This article offers a comparative review of various strategies about their effectiveness in enhancing security, while also highlighting their capacity to optimize user-friendliness and adaptability to emerging threats. Research findings promote an effective countermeasure strategy …

Advancements In Ultrasound Technology And Iot Security: A Physics-Based Approach To Enhanced Imaging With Lightweight Encryption Algorithms, Noor Fawzi Shafiq

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The rapid advancements in ultrasound technology, coupled with the growing significance of IoT security, present a unique opportunity to enhance imaging systems while ensuring data integrity. This study explores the integration of physics-based principles in ultrasound imaging, focusing on how lightweight encryption algorithms can secure data transmitted from IoT devices.Ultrasound technology has evolved significantly, benefiting from improved imaging techniques and the incorporation of IoT devices. As these devices proliferate across various applications, including healthcare and industrial monitoring, the need for secure data transmission becomes paramount. This paper proposes a framework that combines advanced ultrasound imaging with robust lightweight encryption methods …

Enhancing Automated Lung Disease Detection From Chest Radiography: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach With Integrated Preprocessing And Ensemble Modeling, Ahmed Mohammed Abdulkarem, Jamal Kamil K. Abbas, Qamar Ali Abdulridha

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

In this study, we tackled the problem of early pulmonary disease detection in chest radiography by developing and evaluating a sophisticated deep learning framework. Our goal was to improve diagnostic precision for conditions like cancer and pneumonia. To do this, we combined insights from current literature with a rigorous experimental protocol using a 5,000-image sample from the well-known NIH Chest X-ray dataset. A core component of our work was the implementation of a multi-stage preprocessing pipeline, featuring both lung segmentation and targeted contrast enhancement, designed to focus the model’s attention on relevant clinical features.

We assessed our models, which were …

Nanoseal-X: A Theoretical Design For A Phase-Aligned Multifunctional Wound Dressing Based On Chitosan–Ha–Nanoparticle Composite, Mohammed Mahdi Salman Ghadban

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Chronic wounds pose major clinical and economic challenges, especially in patients with comorbidities or impaired healing responses. This study presents NanoSeal-X™, a bioinspired multifunctional wound dressing engineered to address distinct biological demands at each phase of healing. The theoretical construct integrates a dual-layer matrix: a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with silver nanoparticles, amoxicillin, and lidocaine, supported by a chitosan-based scaffold. Each component is strategically selected to provide hemostasis, infection control, tissue regeneration, and pain relief. This work presents a theoretical design framework to guide the development of multifunctional wound dressings. NanoSeal-X™ integrates pharmacological and bioactive components aligned with distinct healing …

Artificial Intelligence Approaches To Mitigating Network Congestion In Iot Systems, Aysar Hadi Oleiwi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The unprecedented explosion of Internet of Things (IOT) devices has elevated the requirements of the network infrastructures to unprecedented levels, causing severe congestion problems, especially in applications which demand low latency, high throughput, and real-time feedback. Static routing protocols, AQM, and TCP variants are some of the traditional mechanisms for congestion control that are unable to perform efficiently in dynamic and diverse IoT environments as they are reactive-based and inflexible. To this end, in this paper, we explore the promising ability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods such as Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and their combination …

Groundwater Quality Analyses For Irrigation Purposes In Salah Al-Din, Iraq: A Review, Noor A. Radhi, Dawood E. Sachit, Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The focus of this study is the effect of the physical and chemical characteristics of groundwaters on plants and agricultural crops, following the last studies on this matter. The results underscore the necessity for groundwater treatment before its utilization in irrigation for sustainable agricultural farming. It is also possible to identify which crop type can be grown in well-watered land, according to the characteristics of irrigation water and the yield of each crop. The study also introduces some ideas about irrigation water quality parameters such as Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Chloride (Cl^–), Sodium (Na …

Examining Iot-Enhanced For Current Developments In Face Image Authentication (Fia) Methods And Their Drawbacks, Marwa Jamal Hadi, Emaan Ouudha Oraby

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The quick development of IoT and facial image manipulation (FIM) algorithms, as well as the growth of their user-friendly applications, highlight the pressing need for manipulation detection methods. These techniques need to demonstrate how face photos have been altered and validate their legitimacy. The scientific community has recently taken notice of the phrase “DeepFakes” and methods for detecting them. Take note of the latest methods for identifying watermark-based face image modification as well. The important thing to remember is that every one of these methods has its own set of drawbacks. This study provides a brief introduction to face image …

Discriminative Regions And Adversarial Sensitivity In Cnn-Based Malware Image Classification, Anish Roy, Fabio Di Troia

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The escalating prevalence of malware poses a significant threat to digital infrastructure, demanding robust yet efficient detection methods. In this study, we evaluate multiple Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, including basic CNN, LeNet, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and DenseNet, on a dataset of 11,000 malware images spanning 452 families. Our experiments demonstrate that CNN models can achieve reliable classification performance across both multiclass and binary tasks. However, we also uncover a critical weakness in that even minimal image perturbations, such as pixel modification lower than 1% of the total image pixels, drastically degrade accuracy and reveal CNNs’ fragility in adversarial settings. A …

Living In Disharmony: Women's Experiences Of Gendered Progress And Failure In New Harmony, Indiana, 1824-1827, Olivia Krall

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.

Anchored Ai: Intent-Extraction, Anchor-Weighted Generation, And Synthetic Collapse Prevention For Human-Aligned Ai, Joseph Jm Walker

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents Anchored AI, a system and method for ensuring reliable, human-aligned artificial intelligence through the integration of anchored data partitioning, intent extraction, anchor-weighted generation, provenance embedding, and synthetic collapse prevention. Unlike conventional large language models that are trained indiscriminately on mixed or synthetic data, Anchored AI introduces a structured framework where datasets are partitioned and weighted (anchor, ephemeral, synthetic), user queries are processed through an intent extraction layer (embedding, semantic role labeling, ontology mapping), and responses are generated with explicit anchor weighting and citation from authoritative corpora. Outputs are embedded with cryptographic provenance manifests (e.g., C2PA/PROV) …

Real-Time Detection And Indication Of Ai-Generated Content In A Web Browser, Abhay Prakash

Defensive Publications Series

The proliferation of realistic, AI-generated content creates a significant risk of misinformation, as users often cannot distinguish it from human-created work. Existing detection tools are typically manual (i.e., copy content from one area to paste in a tool), disruptive for the user, and limited to a single content type. This disclosure describes a method integrated directly into a web browser for detection and visual indication of AI-generated content that can operate in real-time. When a user navigates to a web page, a content parsing module analyzes the Document Object Model (DOM). A multi-modal detection engine then scans content, such as …

Ultraviolet Spectrum Coating For Drones To Deter Bird Interference, Joseph Jm Walker

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure teaches materials, optical targets, and manufacturing methods for making small UAS/drones highly salient in avian visual bands without materially changing human-visible appearance or flight performance. The approach uses (i) passive UV-reflective/absorptive coatings and/or (ii) UV-active bulk additives in polymer parts (e.g., propeller guards, nacelles, arms, fairings). Target spectral response is maximized in UVA 320–400 nm (with emphasis at ~350–380 nm) where most birds possess UV-sensitive cones, while maintaining low ΔE*ab (<1–2) in the human visible band (400–700 nm). The disclosure includes optical design targets, example formulations (nano-TiO₂/ZnO dispersions; dielectric stacks), integration paths (spray/dip/film/PVD and injection-mold masterbatch), mechanical and environmental durability requirements, sensor-compatibility constraints, and validation protocols (spectral, wind-tunnel, and ethological flight trials).

System For Generating A Universal Transfer Function For Rendering Spatial Audio Content, Sinan Hersek, Dongeek Shin

Defensive Publications Series

This publication includes techniques to obtain universal head related transfer functions (HRTFs) by adapting generic HRTFs. The adaptation is performed by iteratively perturbing and fine tuning the latent space representation of the generic HRTFs. The tuning objective is to minimize the binaural localization error produced by the adapted HRTFs across a population of users. To estimate the binaural localization error, the system is configured to train a person-agnostic neural network binaural localization model that can estimate the direction of a sound source from binaural audio.

System And Method For Automated Indentation Testing Of Electronic Displays, Nolan Johnson, Joshua Aganad, Eugene Bykov, Jared Baker, Maxim Sivov, Venkata Mk Akula

Defensive Publications Series

Manual indentation testing of electronic displays can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process that may limit testing efficiency. This disclosure describes an automated system and method for display indentation testing. The system can comprise a testing machine with a programmable XY stage to automatically position a display sample beneath an indenter. The sample may be secured by an adjustable fixture, which can include one fixed and two adjustable brackets to accommodate various display sizes. A custom testing profile may guide the XY stage to multiple pre-defined locations, where a ball indenter can apply a series of prescribed or randomized loads …

Methods For Characterizing Mechanical Behavior And Failure Modes Of Electronic Displays, Venkata M K Akula, Roberto Cammino

Defensive Publications Series

Predicting the mechanical behavior and failure modes of complex, multi-layer electronic displays can be challenging, as simulations based on standard datasheet values may not represent the properties of a manufactured assembly. This disclosure describes a methodology to create a finite element analysis (FEA) model by calibrating it with empirical test data. The process can involve conducting mechanical tests, such as indentation on both full and partial display stacks, to obtain load-displacement characteristics. This data may then be used to derive effective material properties for a simplified, reduced-layer FEA model. In some applications, failure modes observed in physical testing, like pixel …

Seamless Roaming Of A Host Between Wired And Fabric Enabled Wireless Networks, Balaji Pitta Venkatachalapathy, Sanjay K Hooda, Parthiv Shah, Rutvik Vijay Shah

Defensive Publications Series

This proposal provides techniques to enable quick transitioning between wired and fabric enabled wireless networks by Internet of Things (IoT) endpoints that need to retain their Internet Protocol (IP) address and Media Access Control (MAC) address for data transmissions.

Noda News October 2025

New Orleans Dental Association News

New Orleans Dental Association (NODA) News includes regular columns with regional news impacting the New Orleans membership including: columns from the President and Executive Director, feature articles relating to the field of dentistry, association events and upcoming activities, component news, continuing education opportunities, and classifieds.

The Student Movement Volume 110 Issue 3: Alumni Weekend Was A Slam Dunk, Jj Nixon, Melanie Webb, Lia Glass, Ember Clark, Andrew Francis, Isa Demoraes, Joey Carrion, Reagan Westerman, Aiko J. Ayala Rios, Anna Rybachek, Melissa Moore, Maya Thomas, Alyssa Caruthers

The Student Movement V. 110 (2025-2026)

HUMANS

Alumni Spotlight: Denry White, JJ Nixon

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Supporting Student Business: The 269 Flea Market, Melanie Webb

HamilTEN, Lia Glass

Howard Center Presents: Heritage Singers, Ember Clark

Matcha, Fashion, and Masculinity: Andrews Hosts a Performative Male Contest, Ember Clark

NEWS

Alumni Sweep First Cardinal Basketball Games of New School Year, Andrew Francis

Tradition Marches On at Alumni Weekend Parade, Isa DeMoraes

IDEAS

Forgiveness or Hate: Tragedy in America and an Inflection Point, Joey Carrion

Scrolling Less, Thinking More: The Long-Form Revival, Reagan Westerman

Question of the Week #3, Aiko J. Ayala Rios

PULSE

Dorm Decor: Fall Edition, Anna …

The Scarlet - Volume Civ, No. 3 (October 3, 2025), Scarlet Staff

The Scarlet (Student Newspaper) (2011-present)

The October 3, 2025 edition of The Scarlet (est. 1939), Clark University's student-run newspaper. The Scarlet is intellectually and editorially independent of the University.

Advanced Nanophotonics For Gas Spectroscopy, Ajmal Thottoli

Theses

This thesis introduces advanced nanophotonic integrated devices aimed at improving miniaturized, cost-effective multi-gas detection and on-chip spectroscopic systems. Traditional spectroscopic techniques often require bulky optical components and multiple detectors, limiting their scalability for multi-gas sensing. The proposed integrated duplexers and triplexers enable switching between lasers to detect multiple gases using a single system. The work focuses on the design and optimization of broadband angled multimode interference duplexers, directional coupler-based duplexers, and cascaded directional coupler-based triplexers for combining spectroscopically relevant wavelengths in the near-infrared region. The target gases include ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide. Through comprehensive simulations and experimental investigations, the …

Citytech Algebra Based Physics Exam1 (Brightspace Quiz), Vasiliy S. Znamenskiy, Rafael Niyazov

Open Educational Resources

This Brightspace-based Exam 1 assesses foundational concepts in algebra-based physics through short, auto-graded items designed to provide clear feedback. The exam targets core learning outcomes from the opening units of the course: measurement and unit analysis, significant figures, one-dimensional kinematics with constant acceleration (relationships among 𝑥, 𝑣, 𝑎, 𝑡), and basic problem-solving with proportional reasoning. Question formats include numerical entry multiple choice focused on common misconceptions, and brief conceptual prompts that test qualitative understanding before calculation. The item set emphasizes translating among verbal descriptions, diagrams, formulas, and graphs; checking the reasonableness of results; and communicating precision. Randomized parameters and pooled …

The Bison, October, 03, 2025

The Bison Newspapers

No abstract provided.

Ud In The News Sept. 29-Oct. 3, University Of Dayton

News Releases

onMain CEO Brian Heitkamp was on Dayton 24/7 Now's morning show discussing onMain's open house for the community. Spectrum News 1 Ohio featured UD research exploring strategies for the detection and potential treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Pathlength, Altitude And Angle Of Incidence Dependence Of Remote Water Raman Scattering, Whitney E. Schuler, Paige K. Williams, Zechariah B. Kitzhaber, Caitlyn M. English, Tammi L. Richardson, Nikos Vitzilaios, Michael L. Myrick

Faculty Publications

A small remote Raman sensor was used to measure the Raman scattering signal from clear, still water as a function of water depth (12 cm and 396 cm depth), sensor distance above the water surface (20–300 cm), and angle of incidence (0–80°) to the normal of the water surface. Under thick- and thin-sample conditions, the signal depends on either the inverse, or the inverse square, of sensor distance from the water surface, respectively. A model is derived that fits data for different sensor distances, water depths, and angles of incidence. Fits to the measured data are consistent with the known …

Promotion Of Religious Tourism In Pakistan Through Destination Marketing Strategies, Noor-Ul- Huda, Musa Khan, Noman Ahmed Ansari

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

The aim of this study is to identify the key factors that attract religious tourists to Pakistan and the strategies that are effective in promoting religious tourism. The paper takes a comprehensive approach to guide Pakistan’s development by evaluating international literature, focusing on religious tourism as a pivotal source of revenue. The study explores diversification prospects, aiming to equip policymakers and tourism authorities with actionable insights. This research establishes the groundwork for realising the economic, social, and cultural potential of religious tourism in Pakistan by studying marketing techniques using a qualitative methodology, examining revival approaches, and investigating cutting-edge communication technologies. …