Digital Commons Network^™

A Survey Of The State Of The Art In Multi-Spacecraft, Multi-Agent Swarms, Caleb Adams, Trey Smith, Aaron Woodard, Ellemieke Van Kints, Brian Kempa, Jeremy Frank

Small Satellite Conference

The Next-Generation Multi-Agent Swarm (NGS) Study conducted by NASA’s Ames Research Center for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) has developed a comprehensive understanding of emerging multi-agent swarm capabilities for applications in cislunar and lunar space. This paper addresses specific shortfalls identified by STMD, including intelligent multi-agent constellations, autonomy, edge computation, position, navigation, and timing for small spacecraft, and small spacecraft propulsion. This paper surveys the current state of the art in technology areas relevant for the next-generation multi-agent swarm design. Our primary focus is on surveying relevant deployed space systems, supplemented with selective analysis of relevant proposed missions and …

Design, Qualification, And Implementation Of Modular Spacecraft Radio Testing Enclosures For Small Satellite Missions, Dexter Stewart

Small Satellite Conference

As small satellite missions evolve, spacecraft platforms increasingly integrate radio-frequency (RF) antennas to support telemetry, command, and inter-satellite communication links that must be verified following full system integration. Recent changes in launch site safety policy, most notably SpaceX’s ban on over-the-air (OTA) testing, have created a critical gap in the ability to qualify spacecraft communication systems during testing at the launch site. This paper presents the design, qualification, and implementation of modular RF containment enclosures, known as ’antenna hats’, developed to enable safe, non-OTA testing of fully integrated small satellites. The antenna hats are self-contained enclosures that interface directly with …

Development, Analysis, And Qualification Of A Hinge And Hdrm Assembly For Small Satellite Deployable Probes, Josh Taylor

Small Satellite Conference

Small satellites commonly utilize deployable systems to expand their space environment sensing and power generation capabilities. Sensing the space environment is required for certain missions, as it provides information about space weather events such as scintillation and solar flares. To accurately measure the space environment, the probes must be placed away from the spacecraft while in orbit. This paper presents the development, analysis, and qualification of a hinge and Hold-Down and Release Mechanism (HDRM) assembly for deployable space weather probes. These two mechanisms were developed as an assembly to be lightweight, compact, and reliable for deploying space weather probes. The …

Framework For Design, Modelling, And Qualification Of Phase Change Material Heat Sinks For Small Satellites, Daniel Kichma

Small Satellite Conference

The increasing use of high-power hardware in small satellites presents a critical thermal management challenge. Phase Change Material (PCM) heat sinks provide passive thermal control for transient heat loads by storing thermal energy as latent heat during melting, maintaining near-constant temperatures. This creates a thermal buffer that lowers peak heat fluxes and reduces the required radiative surface area. A PCM heatsink was required for thermal control of a payload on an upcoming mission at the Space Flight Laboratory (SFL). This motivated the development of in-house PCM capabilities to enable mission-specific designs at lower cost and shorter schedules. This paper presents …

Radma: Resource-Aware, Dynamic Deployment Of Ml Architectures On An Edge Tpu In Space, Robert Rathert

Small Satellite Conference

As the number of Space Vehicles (SVs) orbiting Earth grows, downlink bitrate bottlenecks necessitate a shift to Orbital Edge Computing (OEC). Size, Weight, and Power, and Cost (SWaP-C) limit onboard Machine Learning (ML) autonomy, and State-of-the-Art (SotA) systems deploy static ML models that do not adapt to dynamic orbit conditions. This work proposes and evaluates RADMA, a resource-aware framework that selects Neural Network (NN) models in response to changing latency and energy constraints. We quantify the performance of RADMA on an open-hardware picosatellite payload that hosts a Google Coral Edge Tensor Processing Unit (TPU). Orbit simulation and modeling predict processing …

Validated Lie Group Variational Integrator-Based Simulator For Passive Magnetic Attitude Control Of The Gasrats Cubesat, Truman T. Abbe

Small Satellite Conference

Passive magnetic attitude control (PMAC) systems are selected for integration in CubeSat designs on account of their simplicity and lack of power consumption. These systems function by simultaneously dissipating a satellite’s rotational kinetic energy as heat and orienting it according to the Earth’s magnetic field. This process is critical for establishing steady-state attitude, a stable rotational state required for conducting mission operations and enabling downlink to ground stations. Comprehensive attitude simulations are necessary for confirming the reliability of a PMAC system to provide timely attitude convergence for a wide range of deployment velocities and orientations. An attitude damping phase precedes …

On-Chain Reconstruction Of Ipfs Content Identifiers From Evm-Resident Content-Addressed Data, Ryley Ohlsen, Lindsay Gilbert, Mathew Etre

Defensive Publications Series

A method for computing, entirely within an EVM-compatible smart contract, the IPFS content identifier (CID) that corresponds to data already stored on-chain in a content-addressed form. The method reconstructs canonical IPFS UnixFS / dag-pb DAG structures from on-chain bytes under a fixed import profile and derives a CIDv1 that is byte-identical to what an off-chain IPFS implementation would compute for the same content under the same profile — without any off-chain computation, oracle, or trusted party.

Awh‑Ω4.0 — Adaptive Hyper‑Arid Atmospheric Water Engine Open‑Hardware Research Invention For Hyper‑Arid Atmospheric Water Harvesting With Modular Mof Cartridges, Solar Regeneration, Closed Vapor Condensation, And Radiative Cooling License: Cern‑Ohl‑P V2.0 (Open Hardware, No Patents), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

AWH‑Ω4.0 is a builder‑ready, research‑mode atmospheric water engine designed for hyper‑arid climates (3–15% RH). It uses metal–organic framework (MOF) sorbents (MOF‑303, MOF‑801, and future composites) to adsorb water vapor from extremely dry air, then regenerates the sorbent using solar thermal energy and a thermal battery, routing desorbed vapor through a closed condenser loop to produce liquid water.

The system is explicitly engineered as an open‑hardware research platform, not a commercial product. It defines:

• Full geometry and dimensions for sorbent cartridges, intake, condenser, and thermal subsystems.

• Exact MOF mass per cartridge and structured contactors to minimize pressure drop.

• Nighttime adsorption / …

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Autonomous In-Loop Sealing Of Microdefects In Cryogenic Systems Of Particle Accelerators, Fusion Reactors And Space Technology Using Circulating Nanocapsulated Agents, Volodymyr Kotegov

Defensive Publications Series

Operation of large-scale cryogenic installations—particle accelerators, fusion reactors, space propulsion stages and quantum systems—demands continuous maintenance of leak-tightness in coolant and liquefied-gas circulation loops. Conventional methods for locating and repairing microleaks through intergranular pores of structural materials and microcracks in welded joints require complete shutdown of equipment, prolonged thermal recovery of isolated sectors and external mechanical intervention.

This publication presents a method of autonomous in-loop sealing in which the working cryogenic fluid itself serves as the carrier medium for functional nanocapsules. The method relies on thermodynamic, barometric, mechanical and electro-inductive triggers. When the nanostructured suspension passes through a microdefect into …

Method And System For Dynamic Trust Orchestration In Payment Networks, Pranjal Gautam, Sakshi Goyal, Divya Jain

Defensive Publications Series

A method (500) for dynamic trust orchestration in payment networks is provided. The method (500) includes receiving (505) data pertaining to a payment event associated with a payment transaction occurring within a payment network, identifying (510) a plurality of entities associated with the payment event from the received data. The method (500) further includes configuring (515) a relationship graph at a graph database with nodes representing the plurality of entities and edges representing relationships among the plurality of entities. The method (500) further includes extracting (520), transaction features, historical features, lifecycle features, and graph-context features from the relationship graph. The …

Automated Analysis Of Advertising Coverage Gaps And Taxonomic Expansion Opportunities, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

An inefficiency in digital advertising may arise when campaigns do not cover a range of products on an advertiser's digital properties (e.g., a website or mobile application), a discrepancy that can be challenging to identify manually. Systems and methods are described that may act as an orchestration engine to programmatically address such discrepancies. A system can programmatically harvest inventory from an advertiser's digital property, retrieve active campaign data from an advertising account, and map both data sets to a common taxonomy to identify potential coverage gaps. The system may also enrich these findings with external market data and suggest semantically …

Dynamic Adaptation Of In-Memory Data Structures For Session-Specific Workloads, Abirami Sukumaran

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are described for a polymorphic in-memory data store that can dynamically adapt its physical structure on a per-session basis. Some applications may experience performance bottlenecks from rigid, static in-memory data structures that may not be well-suited for certain dynamic workloads. The described technology can analyze real-time indicators, such as incoming data patterns and executed query types, to help determine a suitable memory layout. An adaptive engine can then transition the physical representation of the data between different formats, such as key-value, columnar, document, or vector-indexed structures. This approach may allow the in-memory data representation to align with …

Mitigating High Central Processing Unit (Cpu)-Induced Link Aggregation Control Protocol (Lacp) Flapping In Large-Scale Bundles, Anthoni Rajanikanth Jasti

Defensive Publications Series

Large-scale data center and enterprise networks frequently employ Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) to aggregate multiple physical interfaces for redundancy and bandwidth. However, high central processing unit (CPU) utilization can disrupt LACP operations, causing interface flapping and network instability, especially when fast LACP timers and many virtual local area networks (VLANs) are configured. A mitigation technique is proposed herein that uses the LACP Out-of-Sync bit to coordinate interface unbundling during high-CPU events, thereby reducing repeated timer-driven flapping and supporting orderly recovery.

Architectural And Mathematical Foundations Of Transform Coding In Image Compression: From Multiresolution Wavelet Pyramids To Hardware-Accelerated Discrete Wavelet Transform Silicon Engines, Gopi K. Tummala

Defensive Publications Series

As distributed compute platforms and high-resolution imaging pipelines scale, uncompressed raw visual data presents a severe transmission bandwidth and memory storage wall. A 24-bit 1024 × 1024 uncompressed frame consumes 3.0 MB of storage, requiring over 7 minutes to transmit across legacy 64 Kbit/s ISDN channels, whereas a 10 : 1 compression reduces this footprint to 300 KB and sub-6-second latencies. This research paper presents a comprehensive mathematical, algorithmic, and microarchitectural evaluation of foundational transform coding paradigms—spanning Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Karhunen-Lo`eve Transform (KLT), Fractal Iterated Function Systems (IFS), Spline Regularization, and Multiresolution Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT). We formulate the …

Numerical Validation Of An Aperiodic Bi-Ionic Magnetic Nozzle Architecture For High-Field (48.38 T) Continuous Electromagnetic Acceleration., Daniel Schramm

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure details the multi-physics finite element verification and structural co-optimization of a continuous-operation, meter-scale electromagnetic propulsion architecture. The design utilizes a bi-ionic, aperiodic golden-ratio magnetic nozzle configuration. Computational evaluation confirms structural, thermal, and electrical viability under a continuous 48.38 Tesla field at a 1 Megawatt load.

Key closed-loop validation metrics include:

• Structural Containment: Implementation of a 32% CuNb/high-strength metal interleaving fraction successfully attenuates peak local magnetic stresses (1.630 GPa), yielding a secure 1.40x safety margin against an 80.0 MPa epoxy delamination threshold.

• Electrical Viability: The co-optimized winding pack sustains an engineering current density of 227.5 A/mm², maintaining the critical …

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Ccwe‑Ω4.0 — Unified Atmospheric‑Hydrodynamic‑Plasma Clean‑Water Engine A Builder‑Ready, Multi‑Physics Pfas/Microplastic Mineralization Reactor For Global Deployment, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The CCWE‑Ω4.0 is a fully integrated, open‑hardware clean‑water engine designed to permanently destroy PFAS, microplastics, pathogens, hydrocarbons, and recalcitrant contaminants using a unified multi‑physics architecture. Unlike conventional filtration systems that trap contaminants on media, CCWE‑Ω4.0 performs true molecular mineralization, eliminating toxic waste streams entirely.

CCWE‑Ω4.0 integrates:

• Atmospheric water harvesting (GCI #272 Hyper‑Arid MOF Engine)

• Hydrodynamic cavitation (VMR Titan‑2.0)

• Acoustic vortex concentration (Vortex Sentinel AV‑1)

• Cold‑plasma PFAS destruction (Sentinel‑AV‑1‑2.0)

• Gyroid thermal buffering (Forgecell Prime‑2.0)

• Gyroid cooling & resilience (UGCRM‑1.0)

• Multi‑modal resonance mapping (MMRA‑2.0)

• Cognitive multi‑physics stabilization (CMRS‑1)

• Thermoacoustic gradient amplification (CRFG‑1R‑2.0)

• Atmospheric resonance alignment (ARPN‑2.0)

• Hydrology mapping (GRHN‑2.0)

• Off‑grid energy harvesting …

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Multi-Probe Dehp Validation Protocols For Jwst, Euclid, And Roman Space Telescope Telemetry Data, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

Modern cosmological observations are encountering acute foundational tensions within the standard ΛCDM framework. These include the 5σ Hubble Tension, anomalously mature galaxy populations at high redshifts (z > 10) revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and large-scale cosmic anisotropy dipoles detected in radio and infrared surveys. This white paper presents a formal empirical framework to evaluate the Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection (DEHP) model against these anomalies. By treating space-time as an emergent bulk generated by a two-dimensional boundary information layer, DEHP treats cosmic expansion as a manifestation of viscoelastic substrate mechanics rather than an intrinsic vacuum metric expansion. We …

Token Prediction Using Grammar Estimation, Shivam Mohan

Defensive Publications Series

A system for token prediction using grammar estimation includes a sequence intake component configured to receive a token sequence and organize the token sequence into ordered progression units retaining positional and temporal structure. A context conditioning component associates the token sequence with contextual dimensions comprising user-specific interaction patterns, session-local behavior, and environmental state. A grammar estimation component maintains a state-transition graph comprising states representing progression conditions inferred from observed token behavior and transitions accumulating evidence of how token sequences evolve. A state merge component computes a merge score for state pairs based on token co-occurrence frequency, similarity of transition neighborhoods, …

Adaptive Real-Time Ml Monitoring, Drift Detection, Cross-Environment Psi, And Hyperscale Authorization For Multi-Rail Payment Fraud Prevention, Durga S. Kala, Jun Xu, Ankana Sonowal, Yidong Fu

Defensive Publications Series

A computer-implemented system for monitoring machine learning model input feature health in a payment transaction authorization network. The system includes a distributed audit log extraction pipeline configured to ingest ML model scoring event records, filter records by model identifier and issuer processor affiliate identifier, and flatten nested JSON request and response structures into columnar format. The system includes a transaction-type partitioning module configured to split the flattened dataset into per-transaction-type subsets corresponding to different authorization pathways. The system includes a numerical feature statistics engine configured to compute distributional statistics for numerical scoring features. The system includes a population stability index …

Adaptive Media Interruption Placement Using Causal Analysis Of Audience Engagement, Joanna Piega, David Lepkowski, Szymon Socha

Defensive Publications Series

A challenge in the field of digital media distribution relates to static interruption placements, such as advertisements, which may be determined without considering evolving audience engagement data. This approach can result in interruptions during periods of low viewer interest, potentially increasing session abandonment. Systems and methods are described that can address this by utilizing a quasi-experimental statistical framework to analyze audience engagement data. The framework may compare viewer abandonment rates between sessions where an interruption was presented and sessions where an interruption was not presented for the same temporal location. This comparison can yield a causal abandonment penalty metric for …

System For Automated Cross-Feed Auditing Of E-Commerce Product Data, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

In multi-channel e-commerce, merchants may utilize separate product data feeds, for instance, for online and local inventory, which can lead to data conflicts and inconsistencies that may not be detected by single-feed validation checks. A system for automated, cross-feed auditing can address these potential issues. The system can integrate and cross-reference data from multiple sources, including online, local, and historical data repositories, to create a more comprehensive view of product data. It may use analytical modules to identify price or availability discrepancies between feeds, diagnose reasons for suppressed promotional badging based on time-series rules, and suggest missing product attributes based …

Autonomous Orchestration Of Trend-Driven Advertising Using Semantic Product Matching, Jasbeer Arora, Anurag Tripathi, Gurvinder Singh

Defensive Publications Series

Digital advertising may be challenged by latency in manual workflows and a semantic gap between fast-moving cultural trends and structured product data, potentially resulting in missed commercial opportunities. A described system can address these challenges using an automated, multi-agent orchestration workflow. For example, a surveillance agent can identify breakout trends from various data streams, such as social media feeds or search queries. These trends may then be semantically expanded using a large language model. The expanded description can be converted into a vector embedding to perform a similarity search against a vector database of a product catalog, which may identify …

Siddha Formulations: A Traditional Reservoir Of Valuable Medicines For The Contemporary World, Agnes Preethy

International Journal of Traditional Knowledge

Traditional Medicine had been practised for many centuries in different parts of the world. However, the deep insights drawn from the traditional knowledge have remained highly localized as it had been privy only to the generations of traditional medicine practitioners. This, combined with lack of scientific evidence of their therapeutic action, had limited access, acceptance and awareness of these preparations to the larger segment of the community. The emergence of new lifestyle disorders and drug-resistant diseases in recent years has fuelled the search for alternate treatment strategies and has revived interest in traditional medicines. Concerted efforts to decipher the molecular …

Unveiling The Night-Flowering Jasmine: A Comprehensive Review Of Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis’ (Oleaceae) Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicine, And Therapeutic Potential, Subham Saha, Soumya Mitra, Tathagata Khanra, Saban Karmakar, Tamalica Hore, Subhash C. Mandal

International Journal of Traditional Knowledge

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (NAT), typically known as Night-flowering Jasmine or Harsingar or Parijat, is one of the prominent medicinal plants indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. Its application dates back to ancient times, with substantial documentation in former religious texts. Native communities have traditionally used this for various human ailments and as an ornamental plant. Leaves, flowers, seeds and stems of this plant are rich in various primary and secondary metabolites, providing a wide range of pharmacological effects. The most abundantly found phytoconstituents belong to iridoid glycosides, such as arbortristosides. Comprehensive research has investigated its potential in anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities, …

Addressing Sustainability Challenges: Perspectives From Bhagavad Gītā, B Mahadevan, Dhrithi Mahadevan

International Journal of Traditional Knowledge

The industrialization-driven growth has ushered in economic progress over the past few centuries. However, it has also raised serious concerns about the sustainability of life on this planet. Despite considerable attempts to address sustainability issues using newer frameworks and efforts by corporates as well as governmental, and non-governmental institutions, we have remained ineffective in implementing sustainable solutions. The “last mile” to successfully implementing sustainable solutions is the individual. This calls for addressing individual values and aligning them to sustainability. This paper presents a fresh perspective on the problem by drawing some insights from the Bhagavad Gītā. We introduce the basic …

A Treasure House Called Traditional Knowledge, Sudha Seshayyan

International Journal of Traditional Knowledge

Centuries of observation, experimentation, and cultural continuity have formed the basis of traditional knowledge, which is a huge and complex repository of scientific information. Engineering, hydrology, fluid dynamics, medicine and cosmology are just a few of the many domains in which ancient Indian wisdom demonstrates an astonishing depth of factual understanding that is ingrained in daily activities, architectural principles, and literature. From Avvaiyar’s verses of wisdom to the magnificent temples whose architecture continues to amaze humanity and the structural brilliance of the Kallanai dam constructed in the second century CE and still serving the local population, all serve as testimony …

Gaining From Captured Indian Traditional Knowledge Systems: Paths Taken And Way Forward, Ramasami T

International Journal of Traditional Knowledge

India’s scientific heritage is deeply reflected in Ayurveda, a tradition of integrative medicine documented for over two millennia. P.C. Ray, the father of modern chemistry in India, highlighted the depth of ancient chemical knowledge and early use of mercury compounds, while M.S. Valiathan later revived and analyzed the classical texts of Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata to bridge Ayurveda with modern science. Building on this foundation, the Government of India launched initiatives linking Ayurveda with genomics, personalized medicine, and rasayana therapies, yielding promising insights such as the genetic basis of prakriti classifications and protective effects of Amalaki Rasayana. Efforts like the …

The Influence Of Managerial Attitudes And Dynamic Capabilities On E-Marketing Adoption Among Small And Medium Tourism Enterprises, Hilal Maabad Ame, Omari Khalifa Mbura, Amani Gration Tegambwage

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines how managerial attitudes and dynamic capabilities shape e-marketing adoption among Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in Zanzibar, using PLS-SEM on survey data from 216 SMTEs in the Urban-West and South Regions. Drawing on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study finds that perceived ease of use and perceived security significantly increase adoption, while perceived usefulness and compatibility significantly decrease it suggesting that recognising a technology's value is insufficient without the operational capacity to act on it. Supporting this, dynamic capabilities significantly strengthen the usefulness–adoption and compatibility–adoption relationships, but show no moderating …

Advancing Clean Mobility: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Bus Workforce Development For Transit Agencies, Manideep Tummalapudi, Shantanu Kumar, Jaskaran Singh

Mineta Transportation Institute

Hydrogen fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) are rapidly transforming public transportation in the United States. However, while transit agencies are investing heavily in new zero-emission vehicles and fueling infrastructure, far less attention has been paid to the workforce needed to operate and maintain them. As agencies accelerate toward ambitious climate and fleet transition goals, they are also confronting a critical challenge: preparing workers for an entirely new set of technologies, safety requirements, and operational demands. This study addresses that gap by systematically identifying the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) required for FCEB vehicle operators and maintenance technicians, assessing current training …

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