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Toward Resilience In Broadacre Agriculture: A Methodological Review Of Remote Sensing In Crop Productivity, Phenology, And Environmental Stress Detection, Jenny Shen, Hai Wang, Hasnein Tareque

Agriculture Research Articles

Highlights

What are the main findings?

• Remote sensing methodologies for crop performance monitoring were systematically reviewed across the themes of productivity, phenology, and environmental stress.
• Advances and challenges were identified within individual themes and in their integration toward holistic monitoring.

What are the implications of the main findings?

• Emerging integration approaches offer pathways beyond monitoring toward decision-support systems for broadacre agriculture.
• Future directions of advancing resilience-focused applications of remote sensing are proposed.

Abstract

Large-scale rainfed cropping systems (broadacre agriculture) face intensifying climate and resource stresses that undermine yield stability and farm livelihoods. Remote sensing (RS) offers critical tools for improving …

Early Determination Of The Dorsal-Ventral Axis In Endochondral Ossification In Mice, Sixun Wu, Hirotaka Matsumoto, Jumpei Morita, Mina Yamabe, Azumi Noguchi, Shinsuke Ohba, Noriaki Ono, Yuki Matsushita

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Endochondral ossification is a highly coordinated process involving distinct progenitor cell populations within the mesenchymal condensation and subsequent cartilage anlage and perichondrium, all of which drive skeletal formation. Cell-type specific lineage tracing conducted to understand fetal bone development has revealed various fates of early skeletal cells. However, the underlying continuous and precise cellular dynamics of fetal skeletal cells, particularly along the dorsoventral axis, remain unclear. Here, we show that spatiotemporally specific skeletal progenitor cells in the early developmental stage contribute to the dorsal-ventral axis in a manner that is strictly determined during initial developmental stages. Lineage-tracing experiments using Fgfr3-creER and …

Climate Change Has Increased Global Evaporative Demand Except In South Asia, Saeed Karimzadeh, Arman Ahmadi, Dennis Baldocchi, Joshua B. Fisher

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Climate change alters how strongly the atmosphere draws water from the land, yet a consistent global assessment of this evaporative demand has been lacking. Here, we analyze 45 years of climate data and global models to quantify trends in the key drivers—air temperature, humidity, radiation, wind speed, and cloud cover—that determine the atmosphere’s drying power. We find that evaporative demand has increased worldwide, indicating a stronger atmospheric thirst, except in South Asia, where it has declined. There, widespread irrigation has increased soil and air moisture, enhanced cloud formation, and reduced sunlight reaching the surface, counteracting the global signal. These contrasting …

Upcycling Carbide Slag Waste For Low-Temperature Co2 Sequestration: Direct Application And Adsorption After Chemical Alteration, Manisha Sukhraj Kothari

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Excessive carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and large-scale industrial waste generation are the results of rapid industrialization and ever-increasing energy demand. The recent trend of repurposing waste materials for pollution prevention is a promising approach to address both these environmental challenges. One such industrial waste residue generated from acetylene gas production is called carbide slag (CS). Its high Ca(OH)₂ content presents a promising opportunity for its utilization in CO₂ sequestration. However, CS waste is primarily studied as a CaO source for the intensive Ca-looping process. Despite the great potential, the high temperature requirements of the Ca-looping process limit its industrial application. …

Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

The Tax Adviser, Volume 15, Number 1 (Pilot Issue), January 1970, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Faxes, Emails, And Cad: A Case Study Of The Changing Landscape In Born-Digital Design Records, 1994-2006, Julia D. Larson

Journal of Western Archives

The article examines the technological changeover from analog to born digital design records in the mid-1990s, and is a case study in how one San Francisco Bay Area landscape architecture firm navigated the paradigm shift. The firm retained extensive documentation of the project management/construction administration for large scale projects, and this case study shows how archivists can utilize the analog documentation (like faxes and printed emails) to gain a greater understanding of how design firms began using Computer Aided Drafting and how CAD changed design and the process of archiving.

Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

An Enhanced Cyber Security For Finger Knuckle Print Recognition System Using Rubik’S Cube With Rabbit Encryption Algorithm, Haitham Salman Chyad, Tarek Abbes

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Cybersecurity in biometric systems is an urgent requirement due to their increasing use in identity verification, especially in smartphones, surveillance systems, and electronic transactions. These systems depend on distinctive and immutable biological features, such as fingerprints, Knuckles and facial features, making them potential targets for cyberattacks. In this context, the need to develop advanced security mechanisms, including encryption, forgery detection, and multi-factor authentication, has emerged to guarantee the confidentiality of biometric data and protect it from identity theft or manipulation. This trend emphasizes the need to integrate cybersecurity and biometric technologies to secure and ensure the reliability of systems in …

Web 2.0 And The Concept Of ‘Data Controller’: Recent Developments In Eu Data Protection Law, Maria Berger, David Eisendle

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

In order to operationalise the fundamental right to privacy, as reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in the landmark K.S. Puttaswamy judgment, the Indian government has recently introduced a draft data protection legislation. The present draft is inspired — to a considerable extent — by the EU’s GDPR and defines numerous key notions in largely identical terms. In view of these similarities, this paper seeks to examine the recent developments in the EU regarding the concept of ‘data controller’ and its application to what may be termed as a ‘Web 2.0 setting’. The paper commences with a review of the obligations …

Law Enforcement Access To Data In India: Considering The Past, Present, And Future Of Section 91 Of The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Tarun Krishnakumar

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Developments in modern technology and the Internet have resulted in vastly greater quantities of information being stored in electronic form. In addition to gains for convenience, innovation, and the economy, this trend also means that law enforcement and other government agencies are required to increasingly turn to the digital domain to gather evidence for investigative or enforcement purposes. In the Indian context, this usually means having to rely on pre-digital era procedural powers such as Section 91 the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Drawing from existing literature, case law, and developments in policy, this article seeks to conduct an analysis …

The Aadhaar Verdict And The Surveillance Challenge, Ananth Padmanabhan, Vasudha Singh

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

Conventional responses to privacy protection, such as the notice-and-consent framework, are inapposite to a datafied world where ubiquitous data collection is facilitated by a range of advanced technologies. Such traditional frameworks also commonly vest the State with more leeway than private companies to access personal data, which amplifies privacy harms in case of State use of data. Despite the ominous possibility of State surveillance, the Indian judiciary has thus far grappled with the right to privacy through a narrow lens focused on individual privacy risks rather than structural moves towards a surveillance society. This article explores a different viewpoint by …

Fusion Of Simulation And Ai Methods For Understanding Hov/Hot Lane Operational Flow Dynamics, Deo Chimba, Therezia Matongo, Hellen Shita, Erickson Senkondo, Masanja Madalo, Afia Yeboah

Civil and Architectural Engineering Faculty Research

This study investigated the impact of converting High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes to High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes on fundamental traffic flow characteristics, focusing on speed, density, and flow relationships. A 25-mile HOV corridor along I-24 Westbound in Nashville, Tennessee was evaluated using both microscopic simulation via VISSIM and data-driven machine learning through a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. Four operational scenarios were assessed: (1) HOV lanes without enforcement, (2) HOV lanes with effective occupancy enforcement, (3) HOT lanes with limited access points, and (4) HOT lanes with intermediate access points. Flow-density and speed-flow relationships were modeled using Greenshields theory …

The Tamads2-Tatbl21 Module Enhances Wheat Resistance To Stripe Rust By Activating Tagkl-Mediated Immunity, Shijia Zhao, Hao Chu, Yanan Lu, Jiaqi Chen, Xu Wang, Guangxiang Tian, Mingjing Zhang, Pengyu Song, Yanhui Zhang, Guihua Bai, Gangming Zhan, Zhensheng Kang, Wenming Zheng, Zhengqing Fu, Na Liu

Faculty Publications

Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) poses a catastrophic threat to global food security. While MADS-box transcription factors regulate development and abiotic stress, their roles in plant-pathogen immunity remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified TaMADS2, a Pst-induced MADS-box gene, as a positive regulator of wheat resistance. Functional analyses demonstrated that TaMADS2 overexpression significantly enhanced Pst resistance, whereas its knockdown rendered wheat more susceptible. Further investigation revealed that TaMADS2 interacts with trichome birefringence-like protein 21 (TaTBL21) to activate glycerol kinase-like (TaGKL) expression. Silencing TaGKL in wild-type or TaMADS2-overexpressing lines …

Assessing The Impact Of Cultural Competence Training For Providers Serving Native Americans, Chinazo Obi

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

The United States is a culturally diverse nation, yet many healthcare providers report challenges in delivering care that respects cultural values and traditions. Within mental health settings, this gap is especially concerning for Native American populations, who experience disproportionately high rates of mental health conditions and face barriers to culturally responsive care. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the impact of a cultural competence education and training intervention on mental health providers’ knowledge and self-efficacy in delivering culturally competent care to Native American patients. Guided by Leininger’s Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality and the …

Retrieval Augmented Framework For Deepfake Audio Detection, Avinash Saxena

Master's Theses

The widespread use of AI-based audio deepfakes threatens severely to undermine media integrity and public trust. Speech synthesis techniques have improved dramatically in voice conversion (VC) and text-to-speech (TTS) in recent years, making forgeries sound highly realistic, and concerns are raised about possible malevolent uses. Existing state-of-the-art techniques for identifying fake speech have proven to be effective in some cases but are still limited in application and robustness when faced with novel attacking strategies, different acoustic conditions, or alternative linguistic domains. To address some of these limitations, the current research presents a novel deepfake audio detection system based on personalized …

Development Of A Digestion Procedure Using Fe2+ Ions For Electrochemical Detection Of Mno2 Particles In Drinking Water, Kayla Elliott, Sarah Jane Payne, Zhe She

Journal of Electrochemistry

Developing methods for detection contaminants in drinking water is essential to ensuring that safe and acceptable quality drinking water is delivered to consumers. While manganese (Mn) was previously known only as a mere aesthetic issue, recent epidemiological data has shown to have negative neurological effects on humans, especially on children, prompting new health-based guidelines by Health Canada and the World Health Organization. In drinking water, Mn exists predominantly as Mn(II) and Mn(IV), and is regulated based on total Mn levels. Interestingly, measurement of Mn particulate using electroanalytical methods has not yet been reported in the literature. Herein, a digestion procedure …

High Variability In Flood Discharge And Stage Accelerates River Mobility, Chenliang Wu, Wonsuck Kim, Shuo Yang, Frank Tsai, Jeffrey A. Nittrouer, Tian Y. Dong, Duhwan Keum, Kyle M. Straub

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Lateral channel migration is a fundamental process in natural alluvial rivers; however, the factors that control the rate of migration remain unclear. Despite its importance in shaping river morphology, the impact of water discharge on river mobility is still largely unexplored. Here, we leverage a dataset of 64 rivers across the globe to show that higher variability in river discharge and stage promotes higher rates of river migration. To reveal the physical processes behind this relationship, we focused analyses on the lowermost 500 kilometers of the Mississippi River, where a pronounced gradient in water stage variability and migration rate exists. …

Ai-Based Mapping Of Offshore Wind Energy Around The Korean Peninsula Using Sentinel-1 Sar And Numerical Weather Prediction Data, Jason Sung-Uk Joh, Son V. Nghiem, Menas Kafatos, Jay Liu, Jinsoo Kim, Seung Hee Kim

Institute for ECHO Articles and Research

Offshore wind farm projects are being promoted in the seas surrounding the Korean Peninsula to secure renewable energy. To support site selection, offshore wind resource maps were generated using deep neural networks trained on Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, numerical weather prediction data, offshore wind observations, sea surface temperature, and bathymetry. The deep neural network (DNN) framework consisted of six sub-models targeting eastward and northward wind components across three regions—the Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, and East Sea—to account for spatial heterogeneity. The proposed models outperformed existing approaches, achieving mean absolute errors (MAE) ranging from 1.31 to 1.69 m/s and correlation coefficients (CC) …

Risk Assessment Of Salmonella Spp. Exposure Among Chicken Farm Workers In Phatthalung Province, Southern Thailand, Nutthajit Onmek, Nongyao Mueangdee

Kesmas

This study examined the risk of Salmonella spp. exposure among chicken farm workers by evaluating occupational health management practices. The probability of exposure was determined by assessing the number of contamination points. Sampling for Salmonella spp. contamination was conducted at 7 and 45 days of chicken batches across five areas, alongside evaluation of worker behaviors to assess exposure risk. Three of the 12 large closed-system farms, each housing >10,000 chickens, were selected. Results indicated that boots were the most contaminated items. Workers generally adhered to habitual boot-wearing, which reduced the risk of exposure. Moderate levels of workers' exposure prevention practices, …

Analysis Of Public Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Food And Drug Selection In Indonesia, Tina Wikara, Sri Astuti, Sri Nurhayati, Rotua Uli Carolina, Evi Ratna Sari

Kesmas

As consumers, the public plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and appropriate use of products. This study aimed to assess awareness of food and drug safety and quality among the Indonesian population. Using a cross-sectional survey, the authors measured public awareness across three key dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data were collected from 20,610 respondents aged 17–65 years from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The survey approach employed a three-stage stratified sampling design. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews, and the results were presented as an index ranging from 0 to 100 (low to high awareness). The respondents …

Emission Characterization And Health Risk Assessment Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Automotive Painting In Thailand, Vanitchaya Kultan, Sarawut Thepanondh, Jutarat Keawboonchu, Nattaporn Pinthong, Wissawa Malakan

Kesmas

The automotive industry is a significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, particularly from solvent-based painting processes. This study evaluated VOC characteristics and distribution to assess associated health risks for workers and communities at varying distances from automotive painting facilities in Thailand, focusing on stacks and wastewater treatment plants that handle solvent-containing wastewater. The findings revealed aromatic compounds were predominant (66% of the total emissions), followed by oxygenated VOCs (26%). The stacks mainly emitted aromatics such as toluene and ethylbenzene, whereas the wastewater released oxygenated VOCs, particularly methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone. The exposure concentrations in each …

Regulating Lithium Metal Nucleation And Growth For Dendrite Suppression: From Liquid-Electrolyte To Solid-State Batteries, Ao Du, Juan Zhang, Pan Xu, Ya-Jie Li, Kang-Yu Yi, Zhen-Zhen Shen, Hui-Lin Ge, Guang-Wen Zhang, Chao-Hui Zhang, Yu-Hao Wang, Chen-Zi Zhao, Meng-Yang Xu, Yu-Lin Jie, Rui Wen, Shu-Hong Jiao, Si-Qi Shi, Qiang Zhang, Chun-Peng Yang, Yu-Guo Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium metal anodes, with a theoretical capacity of up to 3860 mAh·g⁻¹, are regarded as the cornerstone for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, several key challenges hinder their practical applications, including dendrite formation, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), side reactions with electrolytes, and associated safety risks. This review systematically explores the mechanisms of lithium nucleation, growth, and stripping in both liquid and solid-state battery systems, analyzing critical theoretical concepts like heterogeneous nucleation thermodynamics, surface diffusion kinetics, space charge effects, and SEI-induced nucleation, which are crucial for understanding the genesis of dendrite growth. Additionally, the review discusses the electrochemical-mechanical …

Biocompatible And Antibacterial Pcl-Tio2@Ag/Γ-Cd Mof Nanocomposite Coating For Corrosion Resistance Of Magnesium Alloy In Simulated Body Fluid, Sara Dehghan-Chenar, Hamid R. Zare, Zahra Mohammadpour, Maryam Sadat Mirbagheri-Firoozabad

Journal of Electrochemistry

Magnesium alloys are promising candidates for bio-implant applications due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, their rapid corrosion remains a critical limitation. This study presents the development of a multifunctional nanocomposite coating designed to enhance the corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of magnesium alloy implants. The coating comprised γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD MOFs) decorated with TiO₂@Ag core-shell nanoparticles, embedded in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix. Immersion tests in a simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed an initially higher corrosion rate for the PCL-TiO₂@Ag/γ-CD MOF coating compared to the coating without TiO₂@Ag nanoparticles; however, it demonstrated significant …

Fluorosilane-Induced Softening And Collapse Of Micropillar Arrays, Gabriela Moreira Lana, Maja Fehlberg, Petra Herbeck-Engel, Gisela Heppe, Raimund Schlüßler, Torsten Jähnke, Eduard Arzt, Roland Bennewitz

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Replica molding is a widely used technique for the fabrication of polymer microstructures. As structural dimensions decrease, anti-stick surface treatment of the mold becomes increasingly critical to ensure clean demolding and preserve structural integrity. We fabricated arrays of micropillars with 20 µm diameter and 60 µm height using medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), MDX4-4210, and observed a high fraction of collapsed pillars for the first molding after fluorosilanization of the mold to reduce sticking. To address this issue, we systematically investigated the surface treatment protocol for the molds, made from the PDMS Sylgard 184. We provide results from complementary measurement methods, to …

A Forensic Logging Framework For Llms, Giannis Tziakouris, Elio Biasiotto

Defensive Publications Series

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in enterprise, operational, and security-sensitive workflows. These include automated coding assistants, knowledge management systems, and multi-agent orchestration platforms where LLMs act as intermediaries between users and external tools. While significant research has been directed toward preventive safeguards such as input filtering, refusal mechanisms, and adversarial robustness, far less attention has been paid to forensic readiness. When incidents occur, ranging from malicious prompt injections to unauthorized tool usage or exfiltration of sensitive data, existing LLM implementations fail to provide investigators with reliable records for reconstruction, containment, or attribution.

To address this deficiency, a comprehensive …

Groundwater Quality And Health Risk Assessment In The Fujairah Region Using Hydrogeochemical, Statistical, And Spatial Approaches, Mohammed Khaled Alawlaqi

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Groundwater is a valuable resource in the arid climate of the United Arab Emirates, where growing population, agricultural, and industrial activities are putting increasing pressure on limited groundwater reserves. This study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Fujairah region, with a particular focus on major ions and trace metals, to assess water quality and potential health risks. A total of 64 groundwater samples were collected from the Eastern Shallow Aquifer (ESA) and the Ophiolite aquifer in the study area and were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, major ions, and trace metals. Hydrogeochemical interpretation was conducted using Piper, Gibbs, Chadha, …

Enhancement Of Aeration And Activated Sludge Processes Using Micronanobubbles For Efficient Wastewater Treatment, Marwa Ahmed Abdelhamid

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Aeration is considered one of the most reliable and efficient processes in wastewater treatment. However, conventional aeration systems show low performance with respect to the gas transfer during the treatment process. This poses a challenge in maintaining sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations essential for the treatment. The use of micronanobubbles (MNBs) in the aeration process has been proposed as effective tool in water and wastewater treatment owing to their stability and longevity. MNBs’ stability is a distinctive property resulting from several mechanisms, including the repulsion force due to charged surfaces that helps bubbles to resist coalescence/bursting. MNBs’ longevity is represented …

Investigation Of Mechanical Performance And Metallurgical Characteristics Of Titanium Grade 2 Tube-To-Tubesheet Joints, Ahmad Hussein Al Tamimi

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Tube-to-tubesheet joints, an integral component of shell and tube heat exchangers, are known for their vulnerability to leakage problems at the joint region due to mechanical and chemical factors coupled with fabrication techniques involved in creating these joints. An ideal condition of manufacturing process parameters and geometrical variables required to produce tube-to-tubesheet joints is highly desired. One of the most promising candidate materials to fabricate tube-to-tubesheet joints is titanium or titanium alloys due to their excellent strength and resistance to corrosion. The present study investigates the structural integrity of three categories of Titanium Grade 2 based tube-to-tubesheet joints comprising of …

Development And Experimental Validation Of A Bio-Based Co2 Purification Medium Derived From Puffed Rice Waste For Indoor Air Quality Improvement, Abeer Fuad Othman

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Indoor environments are crucial for human activity, as people spend over 90% of their time indoors. This extensive indoor presence makes these spaces crucial for overall well-being. The growing awareness of Indoor Air Quality's (IAQ) impact on health, productivity, and wellness contrasts with buildings' contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly through construction materials such as exterior walls, upper floors, and interior finishes. Classrooms are especially concerning because they house many students who are exposed to indoor air pollutants for extended periods. Given the significance of IAQ in educational settings, there is an urgent need for effective solutions to improve air …