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Segmentation Feature Detection Method Of Pig Carcass Based On Improved Yolov 8n, Liu Chunshan, Li Zhiang, Deng Wenbin, Shang Tao, Xiao Xuecai Dec 2025

Segmentation Feature Detection Method Of Pig Carcass Based On Improved Yolov 8n, Liu Chunshan, Li Zhiang, Deng Wenbin, Shang Tao, Xiao Xuecai

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To achieve accurate and efficient detection of pig carcasses' segmentation features, which are hard to distinguish and relatively small. [Methods] The Ghost Conv module and C 3Ghost module are introduced into the Backbone layer to replace the ordinary convolution and C 2 modules in the original YOLOv 8n feature extraction network, aiming to reduce the computational amount and model complexity.The SPPF module is replaced with the SPPELAN module, so that the model can more effectively cope with multi -scale and small target features.Finally, parameter -free attention SimAM is introduced in front of the three detection heads to improve the …

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Optimization Of Preservation Process And Quality Analysis Of Leisure Dried Tofu By Linalool Synergized With Surfactin, Yuan Chi, Wang Yujie, Huang Zhanrui, Hu Lianhua, He Wanying, Chen Hao Dec 2025

Optimization Of Preservation Process And Quality Analysis Of Leisure Dried Tofu By Linalool Synergized With Surfactin, Yuan Chi, Wang Yujie, Huang Zhanrui, Hu Lianhua, He Wanying, Chen Hao

Food and Machinery

[Objective] This study developed a preservation process for leisure dried tofu (LD-tofu) by using natural antimicrobial agents, Surfactin and linalool, to replace chemical preservatives. [Methods] The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ) of Surfactin and linalool was determined with Bacillus subtilis as the indicator bacteria, and aerobic plate count and sensory score were used as the evaluation indicators to optimize the optimal preservation process parameters of linalool and Surfactin for LD -tofu through single -factor and response surface experiments, and the quality changes of LD -tofu during storage were analyzed. [Results] The minimum inhibitory volume fraction of linalool was 1.95 μL/mL, …

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Preparation Of Pva-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Film And Application In Hericium Erinaceus Preservation, Zhang Xuesong, Hong Yi, Gu Rongrong, Gao Daxiang, Li Jiaxin Dec 2025

Preparation Of Pva-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Film And Application In Hericium Erinaceus Preservation, Zhang Xuesong, Hong Yi, Gu Rongrong, Gao Daxiang, Li Jiaxin

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To develop a novel packaging film to prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and improve the utilization of enoki mushroom. [Methods] Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs ) were green -synthesized using enoki mushroom water extract as the reducing agent, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA ) as the dispersant, and silver nitrate solution as the silver source.A PVA -AgNP composite film with a hydrophobic surface was prepared and applied for the preservation of Hericium erinaceus. [Results] The optimal conditions for AgNP synthesis were pH 13, 2 g of enoki mushroom water extract, 2 g of PVA, 0.20% final concentration of silver nitrate …

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Physicochemical Properties Of Japonica Rice And Indica Rice And Their Quality Analysis After Industrial Microwave Processing, Li Jinian, Guo Jia, Jia Yibin, Ma Mengjie, Wang Ye, Chen Lishui Dec 2025

Physicochemical Properties Of Japonica Rice And Indica Rice And Their Quality Analysis After Industrial Microwave Processing, Li Jinian, Guo Jia, Jia Yibin, Ma Mengjie, Wang Ye, Chen Lishui

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To evaluate the taste quality of boxed instant rice prepared on industrial microwave cooking production line with eight kinds of rice, including japonica rice and indica rice. [Methods] Not only composition, cooking quality, and gelatinization characteristics of raw rice are tested, but also taste value, hardness, viscosity, sensory scores, and the microstructure are detected to evaluate the taste quality of different rice varieties. [Results] There are significant differences in the properties of different rice varieties.Compared with indica rice, japonica rice has lower average content of protein (by 0.76 g/100 g) and amylose (by 0.85 g/100 g), a higher average …

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Research Progress On Physiological Activities , Extraction , And Applications Of Bamboo Shoot Protein, Dai Nana, Chen Jun, Shuai Xixiang, Han Jialong, Dai Taotao Dec 2025

Research Progress On Physiological Activities , Extraction , And Applications Of Bamboo Shoot Protein, Dai Nana, Chen Jun, Shuai Xixiang, Han Jialong, Dai Taotao

Food and Machinery

In recent years, plant proteins have become highly sought -after ingredients in health foods due to their wide range of sources, high nutritional value, low cost, and minimal environmental pollution.Bamboo shoot protein is abundant in resources and features a well -balanced amino acid composition.It possesses good solubility, oil-holding capacity, foaming ability, antioxidant activity, and anti -tumor activity, playing a significant role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other illnesses.However, under the conventional processing model from harvesting to final product, a large quantity of inedible by -products is discarded, and the complex high -fiber structure of bamboo …

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Extraction , Structure , And Biological Activities Of Polysaccharides From Nostoc Sphaeroides Kützing : A Review, Li Shanyu, Fan Xinyu, She Xiangqian, He Qiuxing Dec 2025

Extraction , Structure , And Biological Activities Of Polysaccharides From Nostoc Sphaeroides Kützing : A Review, Li Shanyu, Fan Xinyu, She Xiangqian, He Qiuxing

Food and Machinery

Nostoc sphaeroides kützing is a freshwater wild blue algae that has gained significant attention due to its unique nutritional value and multiple biological activities.Nostoc sphaeroides kützing contains a variety of nutritional components, including polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and mineral elements.It has demonstrated antibacterial, anticancer, lipid -lowering, and antioxidant effects.This article systematically reviews the extraction methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, and applications of Nostoc sphaeroides kützing polysaccharides, and provides an outlook on its future research directions.

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Defect Detection Of Liquor Packaging Based On Improved Yolov 8n, He Gangjian, Zeng Shuiling, Lin Fangcong, Xiang Shuo, Zhang Jiaxiong Dec 2025

Defect Detection Of Liquor Packaging Based On Improved Yolov 8n, He Gangjian, Zeng Shuiling, Lin Fangcong, Xiang Shuo, Zhang Jiaxiong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To improve the accuracy of liquor packaging defect detection. [Methods] A detection model based on an improved YOLOv 8n is proposed.The ADown module is introduced into the model to effectively reduce parameter count and computational load while maintaining the original feature extraction capability.Large separable kernel attention (LSKA ) is integrated into the spatial pyramid pooling fusion (SPPF ) structure to further enhance the model's ability to capture and extract multi -scale features.In addition, the original CIOU loss function is replaced with the Inner -WIoU loss function, which combines Inner -IoU and Wise -IoU, thereby improving detection accuracy and accelerating …

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Pria: Process Risk Identification And Analysis, Raymond Fasano Dec 2025

Pria: Process Risk Identification And Analysis, Raymond Fasano

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

This dissertation proposes and evaluates two approaches, with-in a Process Risk and Analysis (PRIA) framework, that advance data-driven hazard discovery in complex cyber-physical systems. First, a transferability-based clustering method groups subspace-identified segments into operational modes, prioritizing cross-predictive performance over raw feature proximity. Second, a Neural Switching Linear Dynamical System (NeuralSLDS) model anchors learning in identified state-space models with Bayesian residuals, calibrated predictive uncertainty, and context-aware operating mode transitions. Together, these methods generate physics-informed, probabilistic world models that can support model-in-the-loop analysis of hazardous trajectories. The approach is validated on a simulated point-kinetics reactor and a centrifugal chiller dataset, demonstrating coherent …

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Reducing Foodborne Bacteria Public Health Burden By Novel Compounds And Pressure-Based Technologies, Junice Alannah Sibley Dec 2025

Reducing Foodborne Bacteria Public Health Burden By Novel Compounds And Pressure-Based Technologies, Junice Alannah Sibley

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

Food safety strategies are being developed in the hopes of combating foodborne pathogens and their risks. Previous techniques and technologies are struggling to meet the needs of the public, leading to the demand for new, innovative methods. Mild high-pressure processing (HPP) of 350 MPa was used in a synergetic combination with mild heat of 60°C and the antimicrobial carvacrol for the decontamination of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars that resulted in a >5 log CFU/mL reduction. Additionally, a secondary study was conducted comparing a single Salmonella Tennessee strain with a 4-strain Salmonella cocktail to examine sensitivity to pressure-based treatments resulting in a …

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Toxic Behaviors In Higher Education Institutions: Examining Demographic Factors Affecting Faculty Perceptions, Patrice C. Elder Dec 2025

Toxic Behaviors In Higher Education Institutions: Examining Demographic Factors Affecting Faculty Perceptions, Patrice C. Elder

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative study examined the relationship between demographic factors and faculty perceptions of organizational toxicity at four-year higher education institutions. Using the Perceived Organizational Toxicity Scale (POTS), data were collected from 131 faculty members across Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The study investigated four dimensions of toxic behaviors: narcissistic, aggressive, unethical, and rigid behaviors. Key findings revealed that unethical behaviors were the most prevalent form of organizational toxicity (M=2.59, SD=1.05), followed by narcissistic behaviors (M=2.32, SD=.93). Significant demographic differences emerged across academic rank and seniority. Assistant and associate professors reported significantly higher levels of …

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Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Framework For Iot Anomaly Detection, Henry Onyeka Dec 2025

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Framework For Iot Anomaly Detection, Henry Onyeka

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

The growing scale and complexity of Internet-of-Things (IoT) edge networks complicate anomaly detection, particularly in identifying sophisticated Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and zero-day behaviors under highly dynamic and imbalanced traffic conditions. This thesis proposes SD-CGAN, a Conditional Generative Adverserial Network optimzied with Sinkhorn Divergence as a geometry-aware one-class framework for robust IoT anomaly detection. SD-CGAN trains solely on benign traffic flows to learn a stable representation of normal traffic. To address class imbalance and improve the variety of the sample, we combine SD-CGAN with CTGAN-based synthetic data augmentation. Replacing the adversarial objective function with Sinkhorn Divergence yields smooth …

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Barriers And Challenges Faced By Minority Women Faculty Being Promoted At Hbcus, Denise Lorriane Young Dec 2025

Barriers And Challenges Faced By Minority Women Faculty Being Promoted At Hbcus, Denise Lorriane Young

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

This mixed-methods study examined the barriers and challenges faced by minority women faculty at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in their pursuit of academic promotion and career advancement. Grounded in Black Feminist Theory, the research employed an explanatory sequential design with 56 survey participants and three in-depth interviews across six HBCUs in the southern United States. The study addressed three research questions examining systemic barriers, intersecting identities, and cultural perceptions affecting promotional opportunities. Quantitative findings revealed significant barriers across career-related (M = 3.21) and educational-related (M = 2.47) dimensions, with notable differences between academic disciplines. Qualitative analysis identified five …

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Cross-Domain Transfer Learning Of Tabular Data With Heterogeneous Feature Spaces, Kazi Fuad Bin Akhter Dec 2025

Cross-Domain Transfer Learning Of Tabular Data With Heterogeneous Feature Spaces, Kazi Fuad Bin Akhter

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

Transfer learning is a cornerstone of artificial intelligence (AI), enabling the learning of new domains with limited labeled data by reusing knowledge from large-scale foundation models. Transfer learning has achieved remarkable success with vision and language models due to the homogeneity in image and text data. In contrast, a heterogeneous feature space, structured in rows and columns as tabular data, remains underexplored in the transfer-learning literature. The inductive bias of tabular data with heterogeneous feature spaces from disparate application domains is very different from image and text data, which complicates transfer learning. Several recent studies have attempted within-domain and limited …

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Bilstm-Based Zero-Aware Traffic Forecasting Using Lidar Data For Intersection Safety, Md Atiqur Rahman Mallick Dec 2025

Bilstm-Based Zero-Aware Traffic Forecasting Using Lidar Data For Intersection Safety, Md Atiqur Rahman Mallick

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

LSTM retains information from long-term data and is highly effective in generating time-based forecasts. Recently, BiLSTM has enhanced the precision of traffic predictions by assimilating information from both antecedent and subsequent directions via bidirectional data flow. BiLSTM demonstrates exceptional efficacy in the analysis of long-term traffic data. Our study presents a custom forecasting model that leverages advanced LiDAR sensor technology in combination with state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to improve road conditions. Eight LiDAR sensors were strategically deployed along the 26th Clarksville Pike corridor to collect high-resolution traffic data—including vehicle speed and count/flow—over the period from September 1, 2024 to November …

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Building Our Own Curriculum: Black Women’S Stories Of Higher Education Leadership Development, Sabrina Louise Brown Dec 2025

Building Our Own Curriculum: Black Women’S Stories Of Higher Education Leadership Development, Sabrina Louise Brown

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

Despite increasing attention to gender equity in higher education leadership, Black women remain disproportionately underrepresented in senior administrative roles. Women's Leadership Development Programs (WLDPs) emerged to cultivate leadership talent, yet often reflect race-evasive, gender-centered frameworks that marginalize Black women's intersectional experiences. This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of Black women who participated in a women-only higher education leadership development program in North Carolina. Guided by Black Feminist Thought and Endarkened Feminist Epistemology, this research centered Black women's knowledge systems and ways of knowing as legitimate sources of insight and resistance. Through interviews with eight Black women who completed the …

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Impact Of Cover Crops On Soil Hydraulic Properties And Water Dynamics, Sabin Shrestha Dec 2025

Impact Of Cover Crops On Soil Hydraulic Properties And Water Dynamics, Sabin Shrestha

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

Cover cropping has emerged as a climate adaptation strategy in sustainable agriculture to enhance agroecosystem resilience against weather extremes such as floods, droughts, and erratic rainfall patterns. But how well cover crops (CCs) can buffer crop yields against weather variability depends on their ability to regulate improvements in soil hydrology. Through a global meta-analysis of 1007 pairwise observations from 146 studies spanning across 34 countries, we investigated the overall effects of CCs on six key soil hydraulic properties and further examined how environmental and management factors moderate these overall responses. Results showed that CCs significantly improved total porosity by 7.7%, …

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Perceived Value Of Radiologic Technology Degrees Among Community College Students In Tennessee, Tiffanie Harris Dec 2025

Perceived Value Of Radiologic Technology Degrees Among Community College Students In Tennessee, Tiffanie Harris

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

Abstract This study explored how adult alumni perceive the value of earning an Associate of Applied Science in Radiologic Technology from a northern Middle Tennessee community college. It examined four questions: (1) How do alumni perceive the financial return on investment (ROI)? (2) What non-financial benefits or challenges do they report? (3) How did the program influence their career readiness and workforce entry? and (4) How did institutional support or barriers affect their educational experience? Using a convergent mixed-methods design, 18 alumni from the 2021–2024 cohorts (85.7% response rate) completed a survey with Likert and open-ended items. Quantitative data were …

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Developing Four-In-One Genetic Engineering System To Improve Production Of Bioenergy In Sorghum, Oluchukwu Jecinta Onyemaobi Dec 2025

Developing Four-In-One Genetic Engineering System To Improve Production Of Bioenergy In Sorghum, Oluchukwu Jecinta Onyemaobi

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a C4 crop of significant agricultural and industrial importance, known for its high biomass yield, drought tolerance, and adaptability to marginal lands. However, the high lignocellulosic biomass content of sorghum, particularly its lignin component, poses a significant challenge for efficient biomass conversion. Genetic engineering offers a powerful approach to achieve such improvements by targeting the modification of lignin biosynthetic pathways. However, progress in sorghum genetic improvement has been hindered by the crop’s recalcitrance to genetic manipulation, transformation, and regeneration. To overcome these limitations, we developed a four-in-one genetic engineering technology for sorghum by establishing an …

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Tennessee’S Green Industry: An Economic Impact Assessment, Savannah R. Lewis Dec 2025

Tennessee’S Green Industry: An Economic Impact Assessment, Savannah R. Lewis

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

This study estimates the economic contributions of the greenhouse and nursery industry, commonly known as the "green industry," in Tennessee for 2023. Utilizing data on employment, labor income, value added, and industry output, alongside economic multipliers generated from the Input-Output modeling software, IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning), we provide a comprehensive analysis of the green industry's impact on the state's agricultural economy. The findings are presented in 2025 dollars, highlighting the industry's significance for informing future policy decisions. The primary objectives were to assess total contributions at the state, regional, and county levels. Direct employment across all sectors was estimated …

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Design And Development Of Rechargeable Cement-Based Batteries For Energy Storage Within Infrastructure, Dandan Yin Dec 2025

Design And Development Of Rechargeable Cement-Based Batteries For Energy Storage Within Infrastructure, Dandan Yin

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presented the design, fabrication, and evaluation of rechargeable cement-based batteries (CBB) for energy storage within infrastructure. The study aimed to integrate electrochemical energy storage directly into cementitious materials, enabling multifunctional and sustainable building systems. Nickel–iron electrodes and cement-based solid electrolytes to form durable, solid-state systems. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests，along with microscopic testing and mechanical testing analyses, were conducted to assess battery performance. The carbon fiber mesh CBB achieved stable cycling over 100 cycles with quasi-reversible redox behavior and a maximum areal energy density of 7.6 Wh m⁻². Nickel foam electrodes, with their …

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Dynamic Urban Air Mobility Systems Modeling And Simulation, Amer M. Ibrahim Dec 2025

Dynamic Urban Air Mobility Systems Modeling And Simulation, Amer M. Ibrahim

Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations

The use of electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft to provide efficient, high-speed, on-demand air transportation within a metropolitan area is an increasingly popular topic, which is expected to bring fundamental changes to cities. The concept of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has the potential to make meaningful door-to-door trip time savings compared with other transportation. The capability to manage many of these eVTOL aircraft safely in a congested urban area presents an unprecedented challenge in air traffic management. In order to enable safe and efficient autonomous on-demand free flight operations in UAM, a computational guidance algorithm with collision avoidance …

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Enhancing Graduate Employability Through The Role Of The School Career Center (Bursa Kerja Khusus) At Smkn 1 Bandung, Dwi Purwanto, Didik Nurhadi, Widiyanti Widiyanti Dec 2025

Enhancing Graduate Employability Through The Role Of The School Career Center (Bursa Kerja Khusus) At Smkn 1 Bandung, Dwi Purwanto, Didik Nurhadi, Widiyanti Widiyanti

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study examines the role of the Bursa Kerja Khusus (BKK) in enhancing graduate employability at SMKN 1 Bandung. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected through interviews with BKK staff, teachers, alumni, and industry partners, supported by observations and document analysis. The findings reveal that BKK functions as a strategic bridge between school and industry by providing digital job information services, facilitating structured recruitment processes, and maintaining strong industry partnerships. These practices effectively support graduates’ transition into the workforce. However, challenges persist, particularly related to limited soft skills and occasional mismatches between school competencies and industry demands. Supporting …

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A Force Of Leadership: The Ron Mclaughlin Story, Leahcim Powell Dec 2025

A Force Of Leadership: The Ron Mclaughlin Story, Leahcim Powell

Night Flight: Online Literary Journal

This narrative explores the personal and professional evolution of Ron McLaughlin, an Army Apache helicopter mechanic whose relentless work ethic is shaped by a lifelong fear of failure. Growing up in West Palm Beach, Florida, Ron learns early that discipline–not luck–opens doors, a belief that follows him into military service, where structure and high expectations feed both his ambition and his anxiety. The story follows Ron's journey as he excels in his technical craft, while wrestling with the internal pressure to be perfect, ultimately realizing that leadership extends beyond personal achievements. A pivotal mistake made by a junior soldier under …

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Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian Dec 2025

Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Lilly To Lufkin-An Interpretation Of Court Thinking On Intercompany Pricing, Melchior S. Morrione Dec 2025

Lilly To Lufkin-An Interpretation Of Court Thinking On Intercompany Pricing, Melchior S. Morrione

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian Dec 2025

Tax Trends, Harry Z. Garian

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

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Conversational Agent For Orchestrating Physical Fulfillment Of Generative Ai Outputs, Lance Nanek Dec 2025

Conversational Agent For Orchestrating Physical Fulfillment Of Generative Ai Outputs, Lance Nanek

Defensive Publications Series

The creation of digital assets using generative machine learning models can be disconnected from the process of producing a corresponding physical object, potentially involving manual file transfers between separate platforms. The systems and methods describe a conversational agent that can orchestrate a digital-to-physical fulfillment pipeline. This agent can parse user dialogue to distinguish between creative prompts for generating a digital asset and commands for its physical production. Upon receiving a fulfillment request, an orchestration engine can analyze the asset to select a suitable fabrication method and a production partner, which may include third-party vendors or a user’s local hardware. This …

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Countersink Tribometry On Formed Can Ends: A Geometry-Aware Friction And Wear Test Method, Eric Norton, Juraj Liska Dec 2025

Countersink Tribometry On Formed Can Ends: A Geometry-Aware Friction And Wear Test Method, Eric Norton, Juraj Liska

Defensive Publications Series

Formed beverage can ends present a small‑radius countersink where coating lubricity and integrity strongly influence panel fracture risk, yet there is no widely used, geometry‑specific post‑form friction test. Here we provide a practical test method that addresses this gap by using a precision tribometer (e.g., an Rtec MFT5000) fitted with custom fixturing that mounts a can end concentrically on a rotating stage and positions a 1/8 inch (3.175 mm) spherical ball on a pin set at 45 degrees to contact a defined locus on the countersink. The setup supports both rotational motion at controlled revolutions per minute (RPM) and linear …

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Filling In The Gaps: How The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Can Enhance Protections For H-1b Visa Holders, Mahi Patel Dec 2025

Filling In The Gaps: How The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Can Enhance Protections For H-1b Visa Holders, Mahi Patel

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

H-1B Specialty Occupations Visas allow numerous foreign nationals to obtain a pathway for entry into the United States through their hard-earned efforts and specialized skills. After meeting stringent requirements and completing complex processes, holders of H-1B visas may begin working in America. Unfortunately, when these individuals come to the land of opportunity, they encounter a harsh reality of employment: the incessant discriminatory abuse of H-1B visa holders by their employers. H-1B employees endure severe working conditions, long hours, unattainable deadlines, wage disparities, and racial biases as they navigate an unknown nation. Employers tend to exploit H-1B workers because these visa …

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The Chemistry Of Color: A Comparative Analysis Of Natural And Synthetic Dyes In Textile Application, Caitlyn Pinaga Cpht Dec 2025

The Chemistry Of Color: A Comparative Analysis Of Natural And Synthetic Dyes In Textile Application, Caitlyn Pinaga Cpht

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

The Chemistry of Color: A Comparative Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Dyes in Textile Application examines how color functions at the intersection of chemistry, culture, and environmental responsibility. This project traces the evolution of dyeing from ancient natural pigment traditions, rooted in ecological knowledge, agricultural practices, and cultural identity, to the industrial rise of synthetic dyes, whose laboratory precision enabled unprecedented consistency, brightness, and global textile expansion. Through experimental swatch analysis, the study compares the behavior of natural dyes derived from plants and food sources with modern fiber-reactive and synthetic dye classes on a range of fibers including cotton, bamboo …

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